Chronic diseases: the new epidemic

ABSTRACT

Mortality statistics show that there has been a significant change in the leading causes of death in Jamaica over the last 50 years, characterized by a decrease in the infectious diseases and those due to undernutrition and an increase in the non-communicable disease. The various patterns of this epidemiological transition worldwide are outlined and the characteristics of this "new" epidemic are discussed. Data are presented from the findings of the recent multi-country study of hypertension and diabetes, including Jamaica, which shows that as the body mass index (BMI) increases across the African diaspora, so does the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Among the Jamaican population studied, the prevalence of hypertension was 19.1 percent among males and 28.2 percent among females. Reported prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes was 5.3 percent in men and 10.4 percent in females. The gender differences are in part explained by the differences in mean BMI which were 23.8 and 27.9, respectively, for males and females. 30.6 percent of males and 64.7 percent of females were either overweight or obese, with obesity prevalent in 7.2 percent of the males and 31.5 percent of the females studied. The increasing prevalence of obesity across the Caribbean is cause for concern as it significantly impacts on the demand for health and medical care. The identification of these reversible risk factors should be used to inform public policy to tackle what will be a growing concern.(AU)