Exercise in the treatment of type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACT

The benefit of exercise are far-reaching but are more related to cardiovascular health rather than glycaemic control for the person with type I diabetes, although insulin needs may be reduced. Persons with type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance will benefit more than persons with type 1 diabetes. The main benefit for the persons with Type 1 diabetes is a sense of well-being, and knowing that they are able to participate in sport and competition safely. The risks associated with exercise are hypoglycaemia, ketosis, hyperglycaemia and increased risk of complications such as retinopathy, albuminuria and early diabetic kidney disease, peripheral autonomic neuropathy and cardiovascular risk. Retinopathy by itself is not a contraindication to exercise. However, exercise which raises the blood pressure or raises the risk for haemorrhage should be avoided.(AU)