The prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly patients attending health centres in Trinidad

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common mood disorder in the elderly. Internationally, most studies have found the prevalence of depression in the elderly population to range from appoximately 13% to 18%. In 2010 it is estimated that persons over 60 years of age made up 10% of the population of Trinidad and Tobago. The ageing population faces many complex issues such as chronic illness, disability, loneliness, isolation and adverse socio-economic circumstances that may contribute to depression. Locally, no studies have been done that investigate the depression specifically in the elderly. This study aims to establish preliminary data on this topic for the elderly population of Trinidad. METHODS This was a cross sectional descriptive study of patients over age 60, attending four health centres in Trinidad (Arima, St. Joseph, Freeport and Couva). Convenience sampling was used and participants completed a demographic questionaire and the Zung self rating depression scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 10.0 and the Chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant associations. RESULTS: There were 348 participants consisting of 200 females (57.4%) and 148 males (42.6%). Those 60-79 years made up 90.8%, while the remaining 9.1% were 80 years or older. Indo-Trinidadians made up 60.1%, Afro-Trinidadians 31.2% and mixed or others made up 8.7%. The prevalence of depression in this elderly population was found to be 17.2%. Depression was found to be associated with level of education (p=0.016). No association was found between gender (p=0.470), marital status (p=0.066), ethnicity (p=0.742)....... CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression found in this population (17.2%), its association with level of education is comparable to that found in other elderly population internationally. Depression is intertwined with social and economic well being and self-perceived health and is an important consideration when caring for the elderly in Trinidad.