Amniotic membranes - Are they useful?

ABSTRACT

Amniotic membrane is gaining increasing use in ophthalmology. The amniotic membrane is obtained from the plancenta delivered by Caesarean section. Informed consent and blood tests for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis are obtained. The amnion is separated from the chorion and the amniotic membrane can be stored in a special preparatory medium. Laboratory studies have established some of the properties of this tissue. It can reduce inflammation and promote healing. Clinical studies have established the use of amniotic membranes for ocular surface reconstruction in chemical burns, and autoimmune diseases such as ocular cicatricial pemphigold and Stevens Johnson Syndrome. It has also been shown to be effective in decreasing the discomfort associated with bullous keratopathy and it promotes healing. It also reduces recurrence after removal of band keratopathy. It is used to replace conjunctiva after extensive resection in pterygium surgery. The membrane provides a matrix for growth of cells such as epithelial stem cells. Future studies will determine the best use of the membrane in ophthalmology. (Au)