Contribuições da neurociência a fundamentação da metapsicologia freudiana e a compreensão da ação terapêutica da psicanálise / Neurocience's contribution to affording freudian metapsychology a scientific basis and to understanding the terapeutic action of psychoanalysis

RESUMO

Freud acreditava que so a biologia esclareceria alguns conceitos psicanaliticos tao basicos quanto obscuros, como Trieb e energia psiquica. Agora que o desenvolvimento da neurociencia e capaz de explicar diversos fenomenos psiquicos, sua previsao começca a se confirmar. Muitas hipoteses psicanaliticas revelam-se corretas, particularmente a existencia de duas formas de energia (livre e ligada), enquanto outras devem ser corrigidas, como o resgate de lembrancas inconscientes reprimidas por meio de interpretacoes. Neste ultimo caso, a existencia de memorias implicitas irresgataveis para a consciencia poe em xeque o paradigma da interpretacao da libido reprimida, apontando em direcao de novo modelo inspirado nas relacoes objetais. Experiencias laboratoriais reveladoras de processos neuroquimicos subjacentes as relacoes afetivas respaldam a tendencia psicanalitica moderna de usar a relacao transferencial como o elemento essencial de modificacao da mente do paciente(AU)

ABSTRACT

Freud believed that biology would clarify some obscure and fundamental psychoanalytical concepts, such as Trieb and psychical energy. His expectations seem to be on the verge of being confirmed, since neuroscience is now able to explain several psychical phenomena. In fact, many psychoanalytical hypotheses appear to be correct in the light of some neuroscientific finds, particularly the existence of two kind of energy (free and bound). On the other band, other theoretical formulations seem to be inaccurate and must be improved, as is the case of recovering some unconscious memories by means of interpretation. In this particular instance, there is a kind of memory (implicit memories) that is not recoverable, the reason why it does not become conscious. This neuroscientific achievement overwhelms the repressed libido interpretation paradigm, and points out the direction of a new object relations model. Scientific evidences that neurochemical processes underlie the affective relations back the modern analytical tendency to use transference as the most important factor in the changing of the patient mind(AU)