Hypoglycemia crisis and hyperglycemia crisis / 中国小儿急救医学

ABSTRACT

Hypoglycemia crisis and hyperglycemia crisis are the most common endocrine and metabolic emergencies in PICU.Hypoglycemic crisis is caused by low blood glucose level(<2.2 mmol/L) and/or rapid reduction in blood glucose, which leads to autonomic neurogenic symptoms and central nervous system injury, even causes permanent brain injury and death.Early identification and timely glucose infusion are the key to improving prognosis.Hyperglycemic crisis is caused by abnormally increased blood glucose levels(>11 mmol/L), including diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.The treatment principle of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state include rapid fluid resuscitation to restore blood volume, control blood glucose, correct electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders, discover and removal of incentives and prevent complications.Cerebral edema and osmotic demyelination syndrome are the most fatal complications of hyperglycemic crisis.Early identification and active treatment can reduce the mortality.