Clinical Implications of Urinary Microbiome in Bladder Cancer

ABSTRACT

Microbiomes are known to have a beneficial effect on human health by promoting the effective removal of improperly functioning immune cells and protecting the host from pathogen infection. On the other hand, these microbiomes are also known as the causative agent of numerous malignant tumors. Until now, the bladder has been regarded as aseptic, but the concept of the “sterile bladder” has been changed with the discovery of living bacteria embedded in the bladder with the recent development of polymerase chain reaction and culture techniques. This paper referred to the relationship between microbiome and bladder cancer. Microbiome will be able to be seen as a non-invasive biomarker to predict the success rate of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation treatment in patients of bladder cancer.