Sensibilidad y Especificidad de los Índices SNAP II Y SNAPPE II como predictores de Mortalidad Neonatal en pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales / Sensitivity and Specificity of the SNAP II and SNAPPE II Scoresas Predictors of Neonatal Mortality in Patients Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Introducción: Los sistemas de puntuación fisiológica neonatal SNAP-II y SNAPPE-II (puntaje extendido) desempeñan un papel importante en la predicción de mortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contrastar estas escalas en pacientes ingresados a una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) y realizar un test diagnóstico para predicción de mortalidad. Métodos: Este estudio observacional analítico fue realizado en la UCIN del Hospital GinecoObstétrico Isidro Ayora, Quito-Ecuador en diciembre 2014 a noviembre 2015. Se incluyeron todos los posibles casos analizables. Las variables edad gestacional, sexo, variables clínicas del puntaje SNAP II, SNAPPE-II y mortalidad. El Grupo 1 (G1): Neonatos con fallecimiento, Grupo 2 (G2): Neonatos vivos. Se calculó Sensibilidad (S), Especificidad (E), Valor Predictivo Positivo (VPP), Valor Predictivo Negativo (VPN) de cada Puntaje. Resultados: 200 casos fueron incluidos. Componentes del Puntaje SNAP II: Tensión arterial media, temperatura Corporal y PaO2/FiO2 no tuvieron diferencias entre grupos. El pH en G1: n=48 fue de 7.25 ±0.16 en G2: n=152 fue de 7.32 ±0.13 (P=0.005). Flujo Urinario en G1: 1 ±1.27 en G2: 2.7 ±2.2 (P<0.001). En SNAPPE II, el APGAR al 5to minuto, y pequeño para edad gestacional , sin diferencias estadísticas. Puntaje SNAP II: S:79.2%, E:60.5%, VPP:38.8%, VPN:90.2%. Puntaje SNAPPE-II: S:93.8%, E:45.4%, VPP:35.2%, VPN:95.8%. Conclusión: El puntaje SNAPPE-II es el mejor predictor de mortalidad, y se recomienda su uso al ingreso de los pacientes en las UCIN

Introduction: The SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II (extended scoring) neonatal physiological scoring systems play an important role in the prediction of mortality. The objective of the present study was to contrast these scales in patients admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to carry out a diagnostic test to predict mortality. Methods: This analytical observational study was carried out in the NICU of the Isidro Ayora Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital, Quito-Ecuador from December 2014 to November 2015. All possible analysable cases were included. The variables gestational age, sex, clinical variables of the SNAP II, SNAPPE-II score and mortality. Group 1 (G1): Neonates with death, Group 2 (G2): Neonates alive. Sensitivity (S), Specificity (E), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of each Score were calculated. Results: 200 cases were included. Components of the SNAP II Score: Mean arterial pressure, Body temperature and PaO2 / FiO2 did not differ between groups. The pH in G1: n = 48 was 7.25 ± 0.16 in G2: n = 152 it was 7.32 ± 0.13 (P = 0.005). Urinary flow in G1: 1 ± 1.27 in G2: 2.7 ± 2.2 statistical differences. SNAP II score: S: 79.2%, E: 60.5%, PPV: 38.8%, NPV: 90.2%. SNAPPE-II score: S: 93.8%, E: 45.4%, PPV: 35.2%, NPV: 95.8%. Conclusion: The SNAPPE-II score is the best predictor of mortality, and its use is recommended when patients are admitted to the NICU

Factores de riesgo asociados con el diagnóstico de miocardiopatía chagásica crónica en individuos seropositivos del estado Barinas, Venezuela / Risk factors associated with the diagnosis of chronic chagasic miocardiopathy in seropositive individuals from Barinas state, Venezuela

Se determinaron los factores de riesgo asociados al diagnóstico de miocardiopatía chagásica crónica (MChC) en 115 individuos seropositivos para anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, en el Estado Barinas, Venezuela. La seropositividad fue determinada mediante ELISA y MABA (Multiple Antigen Blot Assay) y el diagnóstico de MChC fue establecido mediante electrocardiografía y ecocardiografía. A cada individuo se le realizó una historia clínica completa que incluyó antecedentes epidemiológicos, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, y hábitos psicobiológicos; además se realizó una encuesta donde se interrogó acerca de factores de riesgo socioeconómicos, psicosociales y de hábitos alimentarios. Los factores de riesgo fueron establecidos mediante una regresión logística binaria. Los resultados mostraron que 81 (70,4%; IC95% = 66,4-74,4) pacientes reunían criterios para el diagnóstico de MChC, de los cuales 74 (64,4%; IC95% = 60,2-68,6) estaban en Fase II (6,1%; IC95% = 4,0-8,2) y 7 en Fase III, mientras que 34 (29,6%; IC95% = 25,5-33,5) estaban en Fase I. En el periodo de 1 año murieron 2 individuos en Fase III. El diagnóstico de MChC estuvo asociado con la práctica de la caza de animales silvestres, el consumo de chimó, antecedentes maternos de cardiopatía, antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial y un ápex visible, como factores de riesgo, mientras que: el consumo de alimentos preservados y enlatados constituyó un factor de protección. En conclusión, el diagnóstico de MChC tiene una alta frecuencia en individuos seropositivos del estado Barinas y la prevención del desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca debe basarse en la atención médica precoz y en medidas educativas para controlar los factores de riesgo.

This study evaluates the risk factors associated with the diagnosis of chronic chagasic miocardiopathy (CChM) in 115 seropositive individuals to anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies, in Barinas state, Venezuela. Serology was performed with ELISA and MABA; while the CChM diagnosis was established by electrocardiography and echocardiography. A complete clinical history including epidemiological, personal/familiar antecedents and psychobiological habits, plus socioeconomic, psychosocial and alimentary habits interviews were performed for each individual. Risk factors were determined through binary logistic regression. Results showed that 81 patients (70,4%; CI95% = 66.4-74.4) had criteria for CChM, of which 74 (64.4%; IC95% = 60.2-68.6) were in phase II; while 34 (29.6%; IC95% = 25.5-33.5) were in phase I of the disease and 7 (6.1%; IC95% = 4.0-8.2) in phase III. In a one year period, two patients in phase III died of heart failure. The diagnosis of CChM was associated with hunting practice, maternal history of cardiopathies, chewing chimó, medical history of hypertension and apex beat visible; it was negatively associated with canned and preserved foods ingest. In conclusion the CChM diagnosis has high frequency in seropositive individuals in Barinas and heart failure prevention must be based on an early medical attention and educative strategies in order to control risk factors.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria and inflammatory response urinary tract infection of elderly ambulatory women in nursing homes

Background. Bacteriuria = 10 to fifth CFU/ml is evidence of urinary tract infection in the absence of associated signs or symptoms. The presence of pyuria with asymptomatic bacteriuria established the response of elderly women against microorganisms capable of causing invasiveness or tissue injury of the urinary tract. Methods. The association between bacteriuria and pyuria was determined in 178 elderly, ambulatory women without symptoms of urinary tract infection in seven nursing homes. Urine culture results were subsequently analyzed in conjunction with absolute leukocyte count in urine. In this cross-sectional study, asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly women was classified with and without pyuria. Results. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in 44 (24.7 percent) elderly women. The presence of pyuria had a sensitivity of 63.6 percent for bacteriuria and a specificity of 91 percent. The positive predictive value for the presence of pyuria predicting those with bacteriuria was 70 percent, and the negative predictive value for the absence of pyuria predicting those without bacteriuria was 88.4 percent. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated in 81.8 percent of the women. Conclusions. bacteriuria = 10 to fifth CFU/ml associated with pyuria was detected in 77 percent of elderly women with asymptomatic urinary tract infections bacteriuria of < 10 to fifth CFU/ml with pyuria proves less sensitive as an indicator of urinary tract infection. Elderly women with pyuria but without bacteriuria should be studied for other causes of urinary tractinflammation