Atrofia monomiélica distal de extremidad superior. Caso clínico / Monomelic amyotrophy. Report of one case

Monomelic amyotrophy, also known as Hirayama disease, is a rare lower motor neuron syndrome due to localized lower motor neuron loss in the spinal cord at the cervical level. Clinically, monomelic amyotrophy is defined by the insidious onset of unilateral atrophy and weakness involving the hand and forearm, typically beginning in the second or third decade of life. We report 19-year-old man with a two years history of slowly progressive unilateral weakness and atrophy of his right-hand muscles. Neurological examination revealed weakness and atrophy in his intrinsic hand muscles, with sparing of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Also, mild atrophy of the ulnar aspect of the forearm was detected with sparing of the brachioradialis muscle. Electromyography showed active and chronic neurogenic changes affecting C8 and T1 myotomes, with mild chronic neurogenic changes on C7 myotome. Magnetic resonance imaging of his cervical spine revealed spinal cord atrophy involving C5 to C7 segments, associated with forward displacement of the posterior wall of the dura in cervical spine flexion. The clinical features associated with the imaging and electrophysiological findings support the diagnosis of monomelic amyotrophy.

Observations from a nationwide vigilance program in medical care for spinal muscular atrophy patients in Chile / Atrofia muscular espinal en Chile, resultados de un programa de atención médica nacional

ABSTRACT Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has gained much attention in the last few years because of the approval of the first intrathecal treatment for this neurodegenerative disease. Latin America needs to develop the demographics of SMA, timely access to diagnosis, and appropriate following of the standards of care recommendations for patients. These are essential steps to guide health policies. Methods This was a descriptive study of a cohort of SMA patients from all over Chile. We analyzed the clinical, motor functional, and social data, as well as the care status of nutritional, respiratory and skeletal conditions. We also measured the SMN2 copy number in this population. Results We recruited 92 patients: 50 male; 23 SMA type-1, 36 SMA type-2 and 33 SMA type-3. The median age at genetic diagnosis was 5, 24 and 132 months. We evaluated the SMN2 copy number in 57 patients. The SMA type-1 patients were tracheostomized and fed by gastrostomy in a 69.6 % of cases, 65% of SMA type-2 patients received nocturnal noninvasive ventilation, and 37% of the whole cohort underwent scoliosis surgery. Conclusion Ventilatory care for SMA type-1 is still based mainly on tracheostomy. This Chilean cohort of SMA patients had timely access to genetic diagnosis, ventilatory assistance, nutritional support, and scoliosis surgery. In this series, SMA type-1 is underrepresented, probably due to restrictions in access to early diagnosis and the high and early mortality rate.

La Atrofia Muscular Espinal (AME) ha concitado mucha atención en los últimos 2 años debido a la aprobación del primer tratamiento intratecal para esta enfermedad neurodegenerativa. América Latina necesita desarrollar la demografía de AME, un acceso oportuno al diagnóstico y un seguimiento apropiado de los pacientes que incorporen los estándares de atención recomendados por expertos. Estos son pasos esenciales para orientar las futuras políticas de salud en esta enfermedad. Métodos Este es un estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes con AME de todo el país. Se analizaron los datos clínicos, motores, funcionales, sociales y el estado nutricional, respiratorio y esquelético de los pacientes. También medimos el número de copias del gen SMN2 en esta población. Resultados se reclutaron 92 pacientes, 50 varones; 23 AME tipo 1, 36 AME tipo 2 y 33 AME tipo 3. La edad media al diagnóstico genético fue de 5, 24 y 132 meses respectivamente. Evaluamos el número de copias de SMN2 en 57 pacientes. Un 69,6% de los pacientes con AME tipo 1 estaban traqueostomízados y gastrostomizados , un 65% de los pacientes con AME tipo 2 usaban ventilación nocturna no invasiva y el 37% de toda la cohorte presentaba una cirugía de escoliosis. Conclusión Esta cohorte chilena de pacientes con AME tuvo acceso oportuno al diagnóstico genético, asistencia ventilatoria, apoyo nutricional y cirugía de escoliosis, sin embargo, la atención ventilatoria para AME tipo 1 continúa aun basándose principalmente en la traqueostomía. En esta serie, AME tipo 1 está subrepresentada, probablemente debido a las restricciones en el acceso al diagnóstico temprano y la tasa de mortalidad alta y temprana.

Kennedy's disease phenotype with positive genetic study for Kugelberg-Welander's disease: case report

Descrevemos um paciente com achados clínicos de doença de Kennedy e estudo genético positivo para doença de Kugelberg-Welander. Homem, 24 anos e história familiar negativa, iniciou aos 14 anos com atrofia muscular espinhal de caráter progressivo com ginecomastia. Obteve diagnóstico clínico de doença de Kennedy, entretanto o estudo genético foi negativo para esta doença e positivo para doença de Kugelberg-Welander, com deleções dos exons 7 e 8 e do gene do survival of motor neuron.

Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb (Hirayama's disease): a clinical variant of the benign monomelic amyotrophy

Hirayama's disease (HD) is frequently found in Asia, and is rarely referred among westerners. It affects young people with higher incidence in males. It is a focal distal amyotrophy with unilateral or asymmetric bilateral involvement of C7, C8 and T1 innervated muscles. HD appears sporadically and has a benign evolution with clinical stabilization in around one year. We report four young male patients with clinical and electrophysiological alterations described in HD, which were followed-up during 5 years. Electromyographic findings were indicative of lower motor neuron involvement. We analyzed cervical MRI aiming at understanding if a questionable spinal cord compression could be implicated in the pathogenesis, but no abnormality was verified. In view of its clinical, and EMG characteristics, HD is no more than a benign monomelic amyotrophy (BMA) clinical variant, and not a specific disease. This eponym could be considered only for the distal upper limb variant (Hirayama's variant) of the BMA

Amiotrofia espinal infantil com evoluçäo atípica: relato de dois casos / Infantile spinal amyotrophy with atypical course: report of 2 cases

Os autores relatam dois casos de amiotrofia espinal infantil, confirmados por exame eletroneuromiográfico, que evoluiram de forma atípica. No primeiro, criança do sexo feminino de 10 anos de idade, a sintomatologia motora foi de predomínio distal. No outro, paciente do sexo feminino de 7 anos de idade, o quadro foi rapidamente progressivo em 4 meses, ocorrendo óbito após 10 meses. Säo apresentadas as classificaçöes mais aceitas da doença, discutindo-se a caracterizaçäo da forma clínica apresentada por nossos pacientes

Atrofia muscular espinhal infantil progressiva: relato de 12 casos / Progressive infantile muscular atrophy: report of 12 cases

Os autores relatam 12 casos de atrofia muscular espinhal infantil progressiva, diagnosticados no Hospital da Criança Santo Antonio, Porto Alegre. O diagnóstico foi realizado por exame clínico neurológico, dosagem de enzimas musculares séricas, eletroneuromiografia e biópsia muscular. Säo analisados os aspectos clínicos de apresentaçäo da doença, sua evoluçäp e a omvestogaçäo laboratorial, confrontando os resultados com os conceitos da literatura