Macroligaduras hemorroidales. Tratamiento ideal del prolapso hemorroidario. Seguimiento a 5 años / Hemorrhoidal macro rubber band ligations. Ideal treatment of hemorrhoidal prolapse. Follow-up at 5 years

Introducción: Entre los tratamientos alternativos de las hemorroides se destaca por ser costo-eficientes las ligaduras elásticas convencionales. Las macroligaduras elásticas se hayan en difusión por similares resultados que las bandas elasticas convencionales. La literatura es aun escasa. El objetivo fue analizar los resultados, morbilidad y recidiva a corto y mediano plazo de hemorroides tratadas con macroligaduras. Diseño: Estudio observacional analítico prospectivo. Pacientes: 188 pacientes (110 varones y 78 mujeres). Periodo: 2011-2014. Lugar: Institución privada universitaria. Métodos: Inclusión: pacientes tratados con hemorroides internas sintomáticas. Exclusión: enfermedad anoperineal asociada, tratamiento previo, inmunocompromiso o anticoagulación. Se registraron resultados, complicaciones y recidiva. La técnica empleada fue la descripta por Reis Neto. El Seguimiento fue a 10, 30 días y 6 y 12 meses y 5 años. Resultados: Todos fueron tratados con internación de corta estadía. La edad fue 49,5 años (23-76). Los síntomas fueron prolapso 96, sangrado 44 y ambos 48. Se realizó sólo una sesión en 178 casos (94,6%). Se trataron 2 paquetes en 122 y 3 en 66. El dolor moderado fue en 5 casos y prolongado en 2. El sangrado leve y tenesmo se presentó en la mayoría de los pacientes, pero desapareció en la primera semana. Se registró sangrado inmediato moderado en 5% sin sangrado severo inmediato. Otras complicaciones inmediatas: 2 trombosis y 3 congestión/edema local. En 1 paciente ocurrió un sangrado que requirió de internación sin necesidad de cirugía en forma alejada. Sólo en 3 casos se realizó resección local de plicomas previos. En 139 casos se realizó como único procedimiento. La recidiva fue 6 casos. (2 al primer año y 4 a los 5 años), 5 se trataron con nueva macroligadura y 1 con cirugía. No se registró ninguna complicacion severa, infecciosa o única relacionada al procedimiento. El seguimiento a 1 año fue del 100% y a 5 años del 96%. Discusión y conclusiones: El tratamiento con macroligaduras para el prolapso hemorroidario presentó con baja morbilidad sin complicaciones severas. Los resultados son reproducibles entre diferentes autores. Son el tratamiento ideal para las hemorroides grado III con poco componente externo. (AU)

Introduction: Alternative therapies for internal hemorrhoid plexus are several procedures with specific indications for each grade of hemorrhoid. Due to some major advantages, rubber band ligation has become probably in the most popular between colorectal surgeons. The high-macro rubber band ligation appears to be as the first choice but literature is few. Objective: To analyze results, morbidity and recurrence of internal hemorrhoid disease treated with high-macro rubber band ligation. Design: Observational non-randomized prospective analysis. Patients: 188 patients (110 male). Period: 2011-2014. Setting: Private Institution. Methods: Patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoid disease (grade II-III-IV). Results, Immediate and late complications and 5 years recurrence were registered. Technique used was the original description by Reis Neto. Patients with immunosuppression, additional perianal disease, previous treatment and anticoagulation were excluded. Results: There was only one session in 178 cases. Two banding were placed in 122 and 3 in 66. Symptoms were prolapse in 96, bleeding in 44 and both in 48. 139 patients were treated as only procedure. Tenesmus and light hemorrhage occurred in most cases. Moderate or late pain was registered in 7 cases, and immediate moderate bleeding in 5%. There was no severe immediate bleeding. Immediate morbidity was 2 thrombosis and 3 anal congestion. There was one moderate late bleeding at day 28 and required admission. Recurrence occurred in six cases, 5 were ligated again and 1 was treated by conventional surgery. There was none severed or unique complication or infection associated. Discussion and conclusion: Macrorubber band presented low morbidity and there are no severe complications at 5 years follow-up. Recurrence of prolapse is low and could be treated by a new session with equal morbidity. Results are equivalent and reproducible by different authors. This procedure might be the ideal treatment for hemorrhoid prolapse. (AU)

Postoperative results of 407 patients submitted to Doppler-guided transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization / Resultados pós-operatórios de 407 doentes submetidos à desarterialização hemorroidária guiada pelo Doppler

ABSTRACT Introduction: The treatment of hemorrhoidal disease by conventional technique is associated with significant morbidity, mainly represented by the postoperative pain and the late return to daily activities. A technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy is a minimal invasive surgical option that has been used to treat the hemorrhoidal disease and reduce its inconveniences. Objective: To analyze the seven-year results of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Methods: This study analyzed 407 patients with hemorrhoids grade II, III and IV, who underwent the technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization in the Luzia de Pinho Melo Hospital, during the period between December 2010 and December 2017. Twenty-seven patients (6.6%) had hemorrhoidal disease of the grade II, 240 (59.0%) grade III, and 117 (28.8%) grade IV. In 23 patients (5.7%), the grade was not found. All patients were operated by the same surgeon under spinal anesthesia. The 407 patients underwent dearterialization, with a varying ligation of one to six arterial branches followed by rectal mucopexy by uninterrupted suture. Eighty-two (20.14%) required removal of concomitant perianal piles or external hemorrhoids and/or fibrosed. In the postoperative follow-up the following parameters were evaluated: pain, tenesmus, bleeding, prolapse, thrombosis, and recurrence. Results: The tenesmus was postoperative complaint reported by 93.6% of patients. Forty-three (10.5%) presented intense tenesmus and 44 (22%), moderate to intense pain. Four (0.98%) patients presented more intense bleeding in postoperative follow up; none of the patients required blood transfusions. The prolapse occurred in 18 (4.42%) patients, thrombosis in 11 (2.7%), and there were 19 (4.67%) recurrences that were reoperated in this period. Conclusion: The hemorrhoidal dearterialization technique presents good results, with light and easy-to-resolve complications and little postoperative pain.

RESUMO Introdução: O tratamento da doença hemorroidária pelas técnicas convencionais cursa com significante redução da qualidade de vida do doente, principalmente relacionada à dor pós-operatória e ao considerável tempo de afastamento do trabalho. A técnica de desarterialização hemorroidária associada à mucopexia retal é uma opção cirúrgica pouco invasiva, a qual é utilizada com o objetivo de tratar a doença hemorroidária e reduzir seus inconvenientes. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados encontrados após sete anos de seguimento em doentes submetidos à técnica da desarterialização hemorroidária associada à mucopexia para o tratamento da doença hemorroidária. Método: Foram estudados 407 portadores de doença hemorroidária de graus II, III e IV, submetidos à técnica da desarterialização hemorroidária no Hospital das Clínicas Luzia de Pinho Melo de Mogi das Cruzes, durante o período de Dezembro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2017. Vinte e sete doentes (6,6%) apresentavam doença hemorroidária de grau II, 240 (59,0%) do grau III e 117 (28,8%) do grau IV. Em 23 doentes (5,7%) não foram encontradas a classificação nos prontuários. Todos os doentes foram operados pelo mesmo cirurgião e sob anestesia raquidiana. Os 407 doentes foram submetidos à desarterialização, variando de um até seis ramos arteriais seguidos de mucopexia por sutura contínua. Oitenta e dois (20,14%) necessitaram ressecções associadas por plicomas ou hemorroidas externas. No pós-operatório foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: dor, tenesmo, sangramento, prolapso, trombose e recidiva. Resultados: O tenesmo foi a queixa pós-operatória referida por 93,36% dos doentes. Quarenta e três (10,5%) apresentaram tenesmo intenso e 44 (22%) de moderado a intenso. Quatro (0,98%) doentes apresentaram sangramento de maior intensidade no pós-operatório e em 1 (0,5%) houve necessidade de hemostasia cirúrgica, em nenhum deles houve necessidade de reposição sanguínea. O prolapso ocorreu em 18 (4,42%) doentes, trombose em 11 (2,7%) e houve 19 (4,67%) recidivas reoperados durante o período. Conclusão: A desarterialização hemorroidária apresenta bons resultados, complicações leves e de fácil resolução e pouca dor pós-operatória.

Macroligadura como tratamiento para hemorroides / Macro-ligation as a hemorrhoid treatment

Introducción: Las hemorroides constituyen una dilatación varicosa de los plexos hemorroidales que involucran la mucosa del recto y ano. Estas constituyen la enfermedad anorrectal más frecuente en el mundo occidental, con una alta prevalencia que suele representar el 50 % de las consultas con el proctólogo. Se pueden describir dos grandes grupos de hemorroides, los internos que son aquellos situados por encima de la línea pectínea y los externos que son los que se encuentran por debajo de esta línea, se tendrán en cuenta los internos. A estos últimos se los clasifica por Goligher en relación con el grado de prolapso de la mucosa rectal y la posibilidad de reducción del prolapso. Para las hemorroides grado II y III se han diseñados diferentes métodos quirúrgicos de tratamiento desde la electrocoagulación, la crioterapia, la terapia fotodinámica y RBL El presente trabajo plantea como objetivo describir nuestros resultados iniciales en el tratamiento de patología hemorroidal por medio de la técnica de macroligadura alta por aspiración RBL. Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes a los que se le realizo RBL, comprendidos desde el mes de octubre de 2016 a marzo de 2018, que presenten patología hemorroidal grado II III y IV, técnica de macroligadura alta por succión. Resultados: Del 63% de femenino y un 37% de masculino, la distribución por grados fue de la siguiente manera, grado 2: 75%, grado 3: 17.5% y grado 4: 7.5%, el dolor posterior al procedimiento en forma inmediata fue de 3.78±2.63, a las 48 hs 2.10±2.31 y a los 7 postquirúrgicos 1.10±1.86. Tuvimos un total de 7 (18%) pacientes con recidivas dentro de los 18 meses de seguimiento, tenesmo se presentó 27.59% en los grados 2, un 57,14% en los grados 3 y un 66,67% en los grados 4. Solo reportamos un 23% de sangrado posquirúrgico. Conclusión: Podemos afirmar que la técnica de macro ligadura alta como variante de la RBL, es una técnica segura, aplicable en forma ambulatoria, con un beneficio importante por sobre el resto de las técnicas resectivas que solo requiere una sedación para el procedimiento, con bajos umbrales de dolor postquirúrgicos, pronta recuperación y reinserción laboral; presenta bajos índices de complicaciones. Además, representa una excelente opción para el tratamiento de las hemorroides grado 2 y 3. (AU)

Introduction: Hemorrhoids are a varicose dilatation of the hemorrhoidal plexuses that involve the mucosa of the rectum and anus. These constitute the most frequent anorectal disease in the western world, with a high prevalence that usually represents 50% of consultations with the proctologist. Two large groups of hemorrhoids can be described; the internal ones that are those located above the pectineal line and the external ones that are those below this line, the internal ones will be taken into account. The latter are classified by Goligher in relation to the degree of prolapse of the rectal mucosa and the possibility of prolapse reduction. For the grade II and III hemorrhoids, different surgical methods of treatment have been designed from electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy and RBL. The present work aims to describe our initial results in the treatment of hemorrhoidal pathology by means of the macro-adherence technique. High by RBL aspiration. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were included, who underwent RBL, from October 2016 to March 2018, who presented grade II III and IV hemorrhoidal pathology, high suction macroligation technique. Results: Of 63% of female and 37% of male, the distribution by grades was as follows, grade 2: 75%, grade 3: 17.5% and grade 4: 7.5%, pain after the procedure immediately it was 3.78 ± 2.63, at 48 hours 2.10 ± 2.31 and at 7 postsurgical 1.10 ± 1.86. We had 7 (18%) patients with recurrences within 18 months of follow-up; tenesmo presented 27.59% in grades 2, 57.14% in grades 3 and 66.67% in grades 4. We only reported 23% of postoperative bleeding. Conclusion: We can affirm that the high macro ligature technique as a variant of the RBL is a safe technique, applicable in ambulatory form, with an important benefit over the rest of the resection techniques that only requires a sedation for the procedure, with low postoperative pain thresholds, early recovery and re-employment; It presents low rates of complications. In addition, it represents an excellent option for the treatment of grade 2 and 3 hemorrhoids. (AU)

Segmental resection combined with anoplasty for the treatment of circumferential mixed hemorrhoids

Circumferential mixed hemorrhoids are very difficult to treat non-surgically. Therefore, it is important to explore the surgical methods for its complete resolution as well as maintenance of normal anal anatomy and function. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of segmented and plastic hemorrhoidectomy (SPH) on patients with circumferential mixed hemorrhoids. A total of 300 patients with circumferential mixed hemorrhoids were divided into experimental group (n=150) undergoing SPH and control group (n=150) undergoing Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. There were no differences in cure and effectiveness rates between two groups. Compared with the control group, patients in the experimental group had shorter healing time (15.7±1.3 vs 12.5±0.7 days) and recovery to normal activity (18.5±2.7 vs 14.7±1.2 days). In addition, anal function of all patients in the experimental group was normal during short- and long-term follow-up. However, more cases in the control group showed anal dampness and itching, and poor control of intestinal liquid. Compared with the control group, patients in the experimental group had better outcomes in overall anal function and smoothness at 6, 12, and 18 months after operation as well as patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the rating in the visual analogue scale for defecation pain and edema in the experimental group was less than that in the control group. SPH was more effective, had fewer complications, better protection of anal function, and a better cosmetic result.

Tratamiento de la enfermedad hemorroidaria con desarterialización y pexia guiada por doppler (THD®): experiencia inicial / Treatment of haemorrhoidal disease with desarterialization and fixing guided by Doppler

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad hemorroidaria puede ser tratada de múltiples formas. Una alternativa es la ligadura de las ramas terminales de la arteria rectal y pexia de los paquetes guiados por Doppler (THD®). Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con esta técnica. Material y Método: Serie prospectiva, consecutiva, no aleatoria. Incluye a los pacientes tratados por enfermedad hemorroidaria que no responde al manejo no quirúrgico. Resultados: La serie corresponde a 11 pacientes, 7 de género masculino. Todos fueron operados en forma ambulatoria. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 35 min y la evaluación del dolor posoperatorio inmediato no superó un EVA de 3 en todos los pacientes. El seguimiento promedio es de 12 meses y solo un paciente requirió una ligadura con banda elástica por sangrado hemorroidario. Conclusión: La técnica de ligadura y pexia guiada por Doppler es sencilla, con buenos resultados iniciales y con mínimo dolor posoperatorio.

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease can be treated by many surgical options. One of them are Transanal Haemorroidal Dearterialization (THD®). Objective: To present our initial experience with this technique. Material and Methods: Prospective, consecutive, non-random series. It includes patients treated for haemorrhoidal disease unresponsive to no operative management. Results: The series consists of 11 patients, 7 male gender. All were operated on an outpatient basis. The average operating time was 35 minutes and the immediate post-operative pain assessment did not exceed an AVS of 3 in all patients. The average follow up was 12 month. Only one patient needed a rubber band ligation for hemorrhoidal bleeding control. Conclusion: The THD technique is simple, with good initial results and minimal post-operative pain.

Pph and biological glue in patients with high risk of bleeding in stapled hemorrhoidopexy / Pph e cola biológica em pacientes com alto risco de sangramento em hemorroidopexia por grampeamento

ABSTRACT Background: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is a common treatment for grade 3 hemorrhoids. Patients with conditions that increase the risk of bleeding, as cardiac stents usage with clopidogrel bissulfate and liver cirrhosis, should receive an extra care in surgical procedures due to the high risk of bleeding. For this reason and for patients with third degree hemorrhoids we propose the use of stapled hemorrhoidopexy followed by the use of biological glue. Aim: Assess surgical outcomes in patients with hemorrhoids and high risk of bleeding submitted to stapled hemorrhoidopexy followed by biological glue. Methods: Between 2005 and 2015, 22 patients were analyzed, in a retrospective cohort study. Results: From 22 patients submitted to stapled hemorrhoidopexy followed by the use of biological glue, only one (4.5%) presented bleeding in the surgical postoperative. Patients do not have any other complications and pain in the postoperative period. The median (IQR) operation duration was 55 (12) min and the median (IQR) length of hospital stay after surgery was 3 (2) days. Conclusion: Patients with high risk of bleeding submitted to stapled hemorrhoidopexy followed by the use of biological glue presented very low rates of bleeding in the postoperative period.

RESUMO Racional: Procedimento para o prolapso hemorroidário é uma forma de tratamento comum para hemorróidas de grau 3. Pacientes que apresentem condições que aumentam o risco de sangramento, como o uso de stents cardíacos associado ao uso de clopidogrel e cirrose hepática, devem receber cuidado redobrado em procedimentos cirúrgicos, devido ao alto risco de sangramento. Por esta razão é aqui proposto o procedimento para prolapso hemorroidário seguido da aplicação de cola biológica em pacientes com hemorróida de grau 3. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos cirúrgicos em pacientes com hemorróida de grau 3 e alto risco de sangramento submetidos ao procedimento para o prolapso hemorroidário seguido da aplicação de cola biológica. Métodos: Entre 2005 e 2015, 22 pacientes foram analisados, em estudo coorte retrospectivo. Resultados: Dos 22 pacientes submetidos ao procedimento para o prolapso hemorroidário seguido pelo uso de cola biológica, apenas um (4.5%) apresentou sangramento no pós-operatório. Os pacientes não apresentaram nenhuma outra complicação ou dor no período pós-operatório. O tempo mediano da operação foi de 55 (12) min e a média do tempo de internação hospitalar foi de três (2) dias. Conclusão: Os pacientes com alto risco de sangramento submetidos ao procedimento de prolapso hemorroidário seguidos pela aplicação da cola biológica apresentaram baixa taxa de sangramento.

Implementación de un programa de cirugía proctológica en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria: experiencia inicial / Early results of an ambulatory surgery programme for benign anorectal disorders

Introducción: La realización en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) de procedimientos proctológicos complejos es aún infrecuente en nuestro medio. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar los resultados iniciales de un programa de cirugía proctológica en régimen de CMA que incluye procedimientos complejos tales como esfinteroplastias o colgajos de avance rectal. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 186 pacientes intervenidos de patología proctológica en un programa de CMA. El programa se basó en la unión de una Unidad de Coloproctología con amplia experiencia en cirugía proctológica y una Unidad de CMA ya establecida en el centro. Se analizaron los resultados tanto de ingreso como de reintervención en el postoperatorio inmediato y precoz. Resultados: Entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015 se realizaron un total de 197 intervenciones, destacando 105 (53,3%) cirugías de fístula anal, 33 (16,8%) hemorroidectomías y 11 (5,6%) esfinteroplastias. De los pacientes intervenidos por fístula perianal, en 25 (23,8%) se realizó un colgajo de avance rectal. Una paciente (0,5%) requirió ingreso tras la cirugía por haberse realizado un proceso más complejo del inicialmente programado, todos los demás pacientes pudieron ser dados de alta sin complicaciones. Tres pacientes (1,5%) reingresaron en el postoperatorio precoz y fueron reoperados debido a una hemorragia poshemorroidectomía, un absceso perianal y dolor anal. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa de patología proctológica en régimen de CMA que incluya procedimientos complejos como el colgajo de avance endorrectal o la esfinteroplastia es factible, con una baja tasa de ingresos en hospitalización y reingresos posteriores.

Introduction: Complex procedures for anorectal disorders are uncommonly performed as Ambulatory Surgery (AS). The aim of this study was to describe the early results of an AS program that included complex procedures such as advancement rectal flaps for fistula repair. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed with 186 patients who were submitted to AS because of benign anorectal disorders. The AS program for anorectal disorders started when a Colorectal Surgery Unit with broad experience in anorectal surgery joined an AS Unit that was already working in the hospital. Hospital admissions and need of early reoperation were analyzed. Results: One hundred and ninety seven procedures were performed between January 2014 and December 2015. One hundred and five (53.3%) fistula repair surgeries were performed, as well as 33 (16.8%) hemorrhoidectomies and 11 (5.6%) anal sphincter repairs. Among the patients who were operated because of an anorectal fistulae, 25 (23.8%) were submitted to advancement rectal flap. One patient (0.5%) could not be discharged after the surgery because the procedure performed was more complex than previously expected. All other patients were discharged. Three patients (1.5%) were addmited during early postoperative course, all of them had to undergo revisional surgery because of hemorrhage, pain and anorectal abscess respectively. Conclusions: Anorectal procedures, including complex procedures such as advancement rectal flap and sphincter repair, can be performed as AS with a low percentage of patients addmited before or after discharge.

Long term results after stapled hemorrhoidopexy alone and complemented by excisional hemorrhoidectomy: a retrospective cohort study / Resultados tardios após hemorroidopexia mecânica isolada e complementada por operação excisional

ABSTRACT Background: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is associated with less postoperative pain and faster recovery. However, it may be associated with a greater risk of symptomatic recurrence. We hypothesized that undertaking a limited surgical excision of hemorrhoid disease after stapling may be a valid approach for selected patients. Aim: To compare long-term results after stapled hemorrhoidopexy with and without complementation with closed excisional technique. Method: In a retrospective uni-institutional cohort study, sixty-five (29 men) patients underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy and 21 (13 men) underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy with excision. The same surgeons operated on all cases. Patients underwent stapled hemorrhoidectomy associated with excisional surgery if symptoms attributable to external hemorrhoid piles were observed preoperatively, or if residual prolapse or bulky external disease was observed after the firing of the stapler. A closed excisional diathermy hemorrhoidectomy without vascular ligation was utilized in all complemented cases. All clinical variables were obtained from a questionnaire evaluation obtained through e-mail, telephone interview, or office follow-up. Results: The median duration of postoperative follow-up was 48.5 (6-40) months. Patients with grades 3 and 4 hemorrhoid disease were operated on more frequently using stapled hemorrhoidopexy complemented with excisional technique (95.2% vs. 55.4%, p=0.001). Regarding respectively stapled hemorrhoidopexy and stapled hemorrhoidopexy complemented with excision, there was no difference between the techniques in relation to symptom recurrence (43% and 33%, p=0.45) and median interval between surgery and symptom recurrence (30 (8-84) and 38.8 (8-65) months, p=0.80). Eight (12.3%) patients were re-operated after stapled hemorrhoidopexy and 2 (9.6%), after hemorrhoidopexy with excision (p=0.78). Patient distribution in both groups according to the degree of postoperative satisfaction was similar (p=0.97). Conclusion: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy combined with an excisional technique was effective for more advanced hemorrhoid disease. The combination may have prevented symptomatic recurrence associated to stapled hemorrhoidopexy alone.

RESUMO Racional: A hemorroidopexia com grampeador está significativamente associada a menor dor pós-operatória e recuperação mais rápida. No entanto, há evidência de que possa ter maior taxa de recorrência sintomática. A hipótese é que empreender excisão cirúrgica limitada da doença hemorroidária após o grampeamento pode ser abordagem válida para pacientes selecionados. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados comparativos a longo prazo após a técnica de grampeamento isolada ou associada à complementação por técnica excisional fechada. Método: Coorte retrospectiva, com 65 (29 homens) pacientes submetidos à hemorroidopexia por grampeamento e 21 (13 homens) a ela complementada por técnica excisional. Os pacientes foram submetidos à complementação do grampeamento se sintomas atribuíveis às hemorróidas externas fossem observados no pré-operatório, ou se prolapso residual ou doença externa volumosa existisse após o disparo do grampeador. A hemorroidectomia excisional fechada por eletrocauterização sem ligadura vascular foi utilizada em todos os casos de complementação. Todas as variáveis ​​clínicas foram obtidos a partir de um questionário eletrônico, entrevista por telefone, ou em consulta. Resultados: A duração média do seguimento pós-operatório foi de 48,5 (6-40) meses. Os pacientes com graus hemorroidários 3 e 4 foram operados com mais frequência usando grampeamento complementado por técnica excisional (95,2% vs. 55,4% - p=0,001). Os pacientes operados por grampeamento sem e com complementação por técnica excisional, não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a recidiva dos sintomas (43% vs. 33%, p=0,45, respectivamente) ou quanto ao intervalo médio entre a opração e a recorrência dos sintomas (30 (8-84) vs. 38,8 (8-65) meses, p=0,80). Oito (12,3%) pacientes foram reoperados após grampeamento isolado e 2 (9,6%), após grampeamento complementado por técnica excisional (p=0,78). O grau de satisfação pós-operatória foi semelhante entre as técnicas (p=0,97). Conclusão: A hemorroidopexia por grampeamento combinada com técnica excisional foi eficaz para a doença hemorróida mais avançada. A combinação pode ter impedido a recorrência sintomática associada a hemorroidopexia isolada.

Hemorroidectomía con ligasure®: ¿mejoran el tiempo quirúrgico y la evolución postoperatoría? Comparación de los resultados con la cirugía clásica / Hemorrhoidectomy with ligasure®: do they improve surgical time and postoperative evolution? Comparison of the results with classical surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hemorroidectomía es un procedimiento muy frecuentemente utilizado en la práctica diaria del coloproctólogo. Distintas técnicas fueron propuestas. Las más utilizadas son las abiertas (MilliganMorgan) o las cerradas (Ferguson). Iniciamos en 2010 nuestra experiencia utilizando el Ligasure® con una pinza especialmente diseñada a tal efecto. Los buenos resultados iniciales obtenidos nos motivaron a evaluar objetivamente esta técnica. OBJETIVO: Comparar los resultados de las hemorroidectomías utilizando el Ligasure® y los obtenidos con la clásica cirugía de Milligan-Morgan. DISEÑO: Retrospectivo sobre una base de datos de pacientes prospectiva. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se evaluaron 230 pacientes operados consecutivamente entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2014 con el uso del Ligasure®. Estos resultados se compararon con los de otro grupo de 230 pacientes operados previamente con la técnica clásica de hemorroidectomía abierta (grupo control). El seguimiento mínimo fue de 6 meses para todos los pacientes...

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhoidectomy is daily performed in colorectal practice. Open and closed procedures has been described. In 2010 we start to perform hemorrhoidectomy with the use of the Ligasure® with a special device. The results obtained were the base to start a comparison with our standard technique. OBJECTIVE: To compare results between Ligasure® hemorrhoidectomies and classical surgical hemorrhoidectomies (control group). DESIGN: Restrospective comparison with prospective data. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Results of 230 consecutive patients operated on with the Ligasure® were compared with similar series of 230 patients operated with classical open technique. Follow-up was at least 6 months in both groups...

Terapéutica de la fluxión hemorroidal / Therapeutics of hemorrhoidal fluxion

Introducción: La fluxión hemorroidal es una complicación severa de la enfermedad hemorroidaria. Combinando el tratamiento conservador con el quirúrgico, puede resultar en una cirugía menos amputativa. Objetivos: Analizar los resultados en pacientes con fluxión hemorroidal y evaluar los beneficios del tratamiento combinado médico-quirúrgico. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 35 hemorroidectomías por fluxión, operados entre mayo de 2010 y mayo de 2015. Resultados: El sexo masculino fue más frecuente con 68,5%, con una proporción hombre/mujer de 2,2 a 1. El rango etario general varió desde los 20 a 75 años. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue la tumoración anal en 29 (82,8%). En 22 pacientes (65,7%) que se les completó más de 48hs de tratamiento médico, se le denominó grupo A, a quienes se realizaron 2 Buie bilateral (9%), 7 Hemi Buie con S/A asociada (31,8%), 10 Salmon Allingham (45,4%) y 3 Ferguson (13,6%). Mientras que los restantes 13 (31,4%) fueron denominados como grupo B, donde existieron 2 Buie bilateral (15,3%), 4 Hemi Buie con S/A asociada (30,7%), 5 Salmon Allingham (38,4%) y 2 Ferguson (15,3%). La estadía hospitalaria varió en el rango de 2 a 7 días, con una media de 2,8 días, no hubo diferencia en los grupos de pacientes. Conclusión: Los resultados son buenos, sin recidivas o secuelas. El tratamiento combinado podría beneficiar reduciendo la magnitud de la cirugía.

Introduction: The hemorrhoidal fluxion is a severe complication of hemorrhoidal disease. Combining conservative surgical treatment, it may result in a less amputative surgery. Objectives: Analyzing the results in patients with hemorrhoidal fluxion and evaluate the benefits of combined medical-surgical treatment. Patients and Methods: The retrospective observational study of 35 hemorrhoidectomies by fluxion operated between May 2010 and May 2015. Results: Males were more frequent with 68.5%, with a male / female ratio of 2.2 to 1. The general age range varied from 20 to 75 years. The most frequent symptom was the anal tumor in 29 (82.8%). Group A was conformed by 22 patients (65.7%), who underwent 48 hours of medical treatment, and after that the surgical treatment: Buie in 2 (9%), 7 Hemi Buie were performed using S / A associated (31.8 %), 10 Salmon Allingham (45.4%) and 3 Ferguson (13.6%). The remaining 13 (31.4%) were designated as Group B, where there were 2 Buie (15.3%), 4 Hemi Buie with S / A associated (30.7%), 5 Salmon Allingham (38, 4%) and 2 Ferguson (15.3%). Hospital stay varied from 2 to 7 days, with a medium 2.8 days. There was no difference between both groups. Conclution: The results are good, without recurrence or sequelae. The combination therapy could benefit by reducing the extent of the surgery.

Evolución alejada de los pacientes operados por hemorroides complejas o más de tres paquetes con técnicas no hemorroidopexia / Remote evolution of patients operated by complex hemorrhoids or more than three packages with non-hemorrhoidopexy techniques

Introducción: Las hemorroides son una patología muy frecuente. La mayor parte de los pacientes son tratados con modificaciones en la dieta, aquellos que no responden al tratamiento son pasibles de tratamientos ambulatorios y los casos más avanzados quirúrgicos. Objetivos: Estudiar la evolución alejada de los pacientes con patología hemorroidal severa. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo con encuesta telefónica. Material y Métodos: La serie estudiada son 304 pacientes operados entre 1980 y 2012, correspondiendo 124 a casos con más de 50% de la circunferencia comprometida por trombosis, gangrena o casos de importante prolapso, a quienes se efectuó la exéresis de las zonas afectadas y la reconstrucción del canal anal utilizando colgajos cutáneos, y 180 fueron tratados de tres o más paquetes con técnica de Ferguson. Resultados: En el período considerado consultaron por hemorroides 1832 pacientes, de los cuales a 180 (9,8%) se utilizó la técnica de Ferguson para tres o más paquetes y 124 (6,8%) fueron casos complejos. Presentaron complicaciones post operatorias el 13,71% de las complejas y el 6,11% de tres paquetes o más (n s). Por medio de la encuesta encontramos en los casos denominados complejos un 93% de asintomáticos y en los de más de 3 Paquetes un 81%, resultando esta diferencia significativa. Los síntomas más frecuentes, sangrado y dolor, fueron muy esporádicos en el 71,4% vinculado a constipación o transgresiones alimentarias manifestando el 93,5% sentirse mejor que antes de operados. Conclusiones: Tanto los resultados inmediatos como el seguimiento alejado en la serie presentada han sido muy satisfactorios.

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is a very frequent pathology. Most hemorrhoids are medically treated with diet changes. Those who do not respond satisfactorily can receive office-based treatments and the most advanced cases require surgical intervention. Aims/objectives: Study of the long-term evolution of patients with severe hemorrhoidal pathology. Design: Retrospective study with telephonic survey. Material and Methods: The studied series comprises 304 patients operated on between 1980 and 2012, corresponding 124 cases to patients with more than 50% of the anal circumference compromised by thrombosis, gangrene or cases of significant prolapse. These cases underwent exeresis of the affected areas and reconstruction of the anal canal utilizing cutaneous flaps, and 180 cases, which presented more than three bundles, were treated with Ferguson´s technique. Results: In the referred period, 1832 patients consulted about hemorrhoids. Ferguson´s technique was used on 180 patients (9,8%) and 124 patients (6,8%) corresponded to complex cases. Post-surgical complications were seen in 13, 71% of the complex cases and in 6.11% of the cases with three or more hemorrhoidal bundles (n s). The survey showed that 93% of the complex cases were asymptomatic, in comparison to 81% of those with three of more hemorrhoidal bundles, resulting in a significant difference. The most frequent symptoms: bleeding and pain, were very sporadic in 71, 4% corresponding to constipation or dietary transgressions; 93, 5% stated feeling better than before being operated on. Conclusions: The immediate results as well as the long-term follow up of the presented series have both been very satisfactory.

Hemorroidectomía con Ligasure vs diatermia convencional: análisis retrospectivo monocéntrico / [Ligasure vs conventional diathermy in excisional haemorrhoidectomy: a retrospective study of a single center].

INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhoids are a prolapse of vasculopathic structures that cushion the anal canal and haemorrhoidectomy is the most effective treatment for grades III and IV In this retrospective study we compare the outcome after haemorrhoidectomy with Ligasure or with conventional diathermy. METHODS: From June 2005 to March 2009 we analyzed 75 patients affected by hemorrhoids (grades III and IV) who underwent haemorrhoidectomy in the University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova in Lleida. We evaluated the technique, the age and the sex, and compared the post-operative hospital stay, the post-operative pain and the complications with each of the techniques. RESULTS: We used Ligasure technique in 49 patients (65

) and conventional diathermy technique in 26 (35

). The mean age was 50.3 years. There was no significant difference in both postoperative length ofstay, with an average of2.13 days (P = 0.60), and postoperative pain in the first 15 days (P = 0.275). On the contrary, we found a significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications (P = 0.032) and in the post-surgical pain at one month (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience the Ligasure haemorrhoidectomy has shown to have fewer complications and post-operative pain when compared with conventional diathermy haemorrhoidectomy.

Hemorroidectomía, método quirúrgico alternativo: experiencia inicial en un hospital público / Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids: harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy as a safe and rapid alternative to conventional open techniques

This report describe the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. In the last years, encouraging results have been presented using a harmonic or ultrasonic scalpel (Ultracision). Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy ia a safe and rapid alternative to conventional open techniques.

Tratamiento del prolapso hemorroidal con macroligaduras altas / Hemorrhoidal prolapse treatment with high macro rubber band ligation

Introducción: Las macroligaduras son una variante de las ligaduras elásticas tradicionales para hemorroides. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados a corto y largo plazo de esta técnica. Pacientes y Métodos: Pacientes con hemorroides internas grado II y III, tratados con macroligaduras entre Junio de 2006 y Mayo de 2007. El seguimiento se realizó en consultorio y telefónicamente a las 24 hs, 7, 15 y 30 días y al año. Resultados: Tratamos 108 pacientes. El 68 por ciento de los pacientes no refirió molestias en el postoperatorio. En el seguimiento (de 12 a 24 meses), 19 no pudieron ser localizados (17.6 por ciento), 77.5 por ciento respondieron estar libres de síntomas. Refirieron recurrencia sintomática moderada 17.9 por ciento de los pacientes. Sólo el 3.4 por ciento requirieron una hemorroidectomía para el control de los síntomas. Hubo 5.65 por ciento de complicaciones. No se observaron complicaciones severas. Conclusiones: La macroligadura es una técnica mini-invasiva, ofrece una alternativa a las otras técnicas para el tratamiento de las hemorroides. Se asocia a menor dolor postoperatorio, bajo índice de complicaciones y a resultados satisfactorios.

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal macroligation is a modification of the rubber band ligation widely used. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short and long term results of this technique. Patients and Methods: Data on 108 patients treated between June 2006 and May 2007 with hemorrhoidal macroligation were retrieved. Patients had grade II or III hemorroidal prolapse. Telephone interview was performed for follow up. Results: 108 patients were treated. 68 per cent had no postoperative pain. Mean follow up was 16 month (1-12). 19 were lost in follow up (17.6 per cent), 77.5 per cent were symptoms free. 17.9 per cent had mild symptoms. 3.4 per cent required an hemorrhoidectomy. Overall complication rate was of 5.65 per cent. No serious complication was observed. Conclusions: Hemorrhoidal macroligation is a safe alternative with low morbility and postoperative pain to hemorrhoidectomy to treat patients with hemorrhoidal prolapse.

Tratamiento de hemorroides sintomáticas grado III y IV mediante macroligadura elástica como práctica de consultorio / Office treatment of advanced symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease using macro banding technique

Introducción: La enfermedad hemorroidal es frecuente en nuestro medio. Existen diversos métodos para controlar sus síntomas, incluyendo la colocación de bandas elásticas que se reserva para hemorroides grado II y III poco voluminosas sangrantes. En hemorroides grado III-IV la resolución suele ser quirúrgica requiriendo anestesia, internación y habitualmente poco confortable para el paciente. Objetivo: Determinar la factibilidad del tratamiento ambulatorio de hemorroides grado III y IV mediante la aplicación de macroligaduras elásticas. Pacientes y Métodos: Entre Febrero y Junio de 2008 se evaluaron 82 pacientes tratados en consultorio mediante macroligadura de hemorroides sintomáticas avanzadas. El procedimiento se realizó en consultorio, bajo anestesia local, hasta 3 bandas en forma simultánea y los controles a las 72 horas, 7º, 14º, y 21º días. Resultados: Se trataron dos y tres paquetes en el 50 y 17 por ciento de casos. La tolerancia al procedimiento fue buena en el 83 por ciento. El tiempo promedio fue 12.7 minutos. 34 por ciento refirió dolor leve en las 72 horas asociado a hipertonía esfinteriana (p<0.000) y paquetes mayores o iguales a 2 cm3 (p=0.04). 25.6 por ciento de los pacientes refirieron sangrado escaso en las primeras 72 horas. No se registraron complicaciones sépticas. El tiempo promedio de reinserción laboral fue 2,24 (r= 0.5-6) días. Conclusiones: El tratamiento ambulatorio de la enfermedad hemorroidal avanzada mediante macroligadura elástica en consultorio es seguro, confortable y permite una rápida reinserción laboral.

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease is very frequent. For the control of symptoms, diverse methods have been developed including hemorrhoids banding in grade II-III not voluminous and with bleeding as principal symptom. Usually, in advanced (grade III and IV) disease surgical resolution is necessary, with the need of anesthesia, hospitalization, and not much comfortable for the patient. Aim: To determinate the feasibility of office ambulatory macro banding in the treatment of advanced hemorrhoidal disease (grade III-IV). Patients and methods: Eighty two patients treated with macro banding for advanced hemorrhoidal disease were evaluated between February and June from 2008. The procedure was done in the office, under local anesthesia, with simultaneous banding if necessary and with controls at 72 hours, 7º, 14º and 21º day post procedure. Results: Two and three banding was done in 50 and 17 per cent respectively. Eighty three percent referred good tolerance for the procedure. Mean time of the procedure was 12.7 minutes. In 34 per cent of patients light pain sensation was referred in the first 72 hours associated with esphinteric hypertonic (p <0.000) and the treatment of hemorrhoids bigger than 2cm3 (p 0.04). In 25.6 per cent of patients minimal bleeding was observed in to the first 72 hours. No septic complications were observed. Mean time for labor return was 2.24 (range: 0.5-6) days. Conclusion: Office ambulatory treatment of advanced hemorrhoidal disease using macro banding technique is safe, comfortable and allows a faster recover for working.

Epidural anesthesia using a 0,75 percent ropivacaine and subarachnoid anesthesia with a 0,5 percent bupivacaine associated or not with clonidine in hemorroidectomies / Anestesia peridural com ropivacaína a 0,75 por cento e anestesia subaracnóidea com bupivacaína a 0,5 por cento associadas ou não à clonidina em hemorroidectomias

PURPOSE: To study the safety and efficiency of two anesthetic blockages in hemorroidectomy and the effect of clonidine on analgesia. METHODS: 80 patients were studied, randomly divided into four groups: l (n=19)- peridural with a 0,75 percent ropivacaine; 2 (n=21)-peridural with a 0,75 percent ropivacaine and 150 µg of clonidine; 3 (n=19)- subarachnoid with a 0,5 percent bupivacaine; 4 (n=21)- subarachnoid with a 0,5 percent bupivacaine and 50 µg of clonidine. The intensity of pain was evaluated by the visual analogical scale 8, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. The use of vasoconstrictors on the transoperatory and the amount of analgesics within the 24 hours were registered. RESULTS: The intensity of pain, 8 hours after surgery, was lesser on group 4, and much lesser on group 4 comparing with groups 1 and 2, 12 hours (p=0,022; p=0,001) and 24 hours (p=0,03; p=0,003). The frequency of vasoconstrictors usage on the transoperatory and the analgesics on the post-operatory showed no difference among the groups. There were no anesthetic complications. CONCLUSIONS: The subarachnoid anesthesia with a 0,5 percent bupivacaine with clonidine, showed better analgesia comparing with the peridural anesthesia with a 0,75 percent ropivacaine with or without clonidine, however all were safe and efficient. The clonidine aided on the decreasing of pain when subarachnoid anesthesia was used.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a segurança e a eficácia de dois bloqueios anestésicos na hemorroidectomia e o efeito da clonidina na analgesia. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados oitenta pacientes, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: 1 (n=19)- peridural com ropivacaína a 0,75 por cento; 2 (n=21)-peridural com ropivacaína a 0,75 por cento e 150 µg de clonidina; 3 (n=19)-subaranóidea com bupivacaína a 0,5 por cento; 4 (n=21)- subaracnóidea com bupivacaína a 0,5 por cento e 50 µg de clonidina. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela escala analógica visual 8, 12 e 24 horas após a cirurgia. O uso de vasoconstritores no transoperatório, o consumo de analgésicos em 24 horas foram anotados. RESULTADOS: A intensidade da dor, 8 horas após a cirurgia, foi menor no grupo 4, e significantemente menor no grupo 4 em relação aos grupos 1 e 2, 12 horas (p=0,022; p=0,001) e 24 horas (p=0,03; p=0,003). A freqüência do uso de vasoconstritores no transoperatório e de analgésicos no pós-operatório não diferiu entre os grupos. Não houve complicações anestésicas. CONCLUSÕES: A anestesia subaracnóidea com bupivacaína a 0,5 por cento, com clonidina, apresentou melhor analgesia que a anestesia peridural com ropivacaína a 0,75 por cento com ou sem clonidina, porém todas foram seguras e eficazes. A clonidina contribuiu para diminuir a dor na anestesia subracnóidea.

Macroligaduras hemorroidales. Un nuevo concepto / Hemorrhoidal macroligations. A new concept

Introducción: El tratamiento alternativo de las hemorroides comprende una amplia variedad de procedimientos. Entre ellos se destaca por multiples ventajas las ligaduras elásticas convencionales. Surge un nuevo concepto, tal es la aplicación de las macroligaduras hemorroidales altas. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados, morbilidad y recidiva de la enfermedad hemorroidal interna sintomática tratada con macroligaduras altas. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo no randomizado. Pacientes y Métodos: Entre abril de 2005 y mayo de 2006, en una institución privada y un hospital universitario se evaluaron los pacientes tratados por enfermedad hemorroidal grado III o IV sintomática. Exclusión: enfermedad anoperineal asociada, tratamiento alternativo o quirúrgico previo o concomitante. Se registraron las complicaciones inmediatas y alejadas y la recidiva de los síntomas. Resultados: Fueron 236 pacientes ambulatorios (170 varones y 66 mujeres). Se trataron 3 paquetes hemorroidarios en el 66,1 por ciento. Se realizó sólo una sesión en 211 casos. En 4 casos se registró disconfort leve, 9 pacientes tuvieron dolor moderado y 2 casos requirieron analgésicos vía parenteral. En 69 casos hubo tenesmo rectal y en el 82 por ciento hemorragia durante la evacuación. En 2 pacientes (0,8 por ciento) se registró una hemorragia con necesidad de internación pero sin necesidad de transfusión. Otras complicaciones: 4 hematomas perianales, 3 trombosis y 1 tromboflebitis local. Sólo el 3,4 por ciento requirió de la resección local de plicomas previos. Hubo recidiva en el 6,3 por ciento, todos tratados con una nueva sesión de macroligadura. No se registró ninguna hemorragia ni dolor intenso o infección. Seguimiento mínimo: 12 meses. Conclusión: El procedimiento propuesto tiene baja morbilidad y no presenta complicaciones severas. El índice de recidiva de los síntomas es bajo y puede ser tratado nuevamente con el mismo método. Son necesarios estudios comparativos con otras técnicas para establecer su in...

Hemorroidectomía cerrada: análisis de los resultados / Closed Hemorroidectomía: analysis of the results

Antecedentes: Se ha postulado que la hemorroidectomía cerrada puede provocar menos dolor y causar menos complicaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar una serie prospectiva de hemorroidectomías con cierre mucoso-cutáneo primario. Lugar de aplicación: Instituto Dupuytren de Buenos Aires. Diseño: Registro prospectivo de datos. Población: Entre enero de 1998 y diciembre de 2002, se operaron en tiempo electivo 271 pacientes por hemorroides de 3º y 4º grado. Método: Se evaluaron las complicaciones inmediatas y alejadas en la hemorroidectomía con técnica cerrada. Resultados: Se registraron complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas en el 5,36%. Entre ellas se hallaron retención urinaria en el 2,95%, dolor intenso en 1,85%, hemorragia profusa en 0,37% y absceso en 0,37%. La primera evacuación ocurrió dentro de las 48 horas en el 76% de los operados. En la evolución postoperatoria la cicatrización completa se comprobó en el 84% de los pacientes a los 16 días; con 45% de dehiscencia parcial de la sutura en el control a los 7 días. En el seguimiento alejado se pudieron evaluar 211 enfermeros (78%), encontrándose solamente disminución del calibre del conducto anal y sin manifestación clínica en 54 de ellos (24%). Conclusiones: La hemorroidectomía cerrada es una técnica adecuada dado que las complicaciones fueron escasas y de relative importancia ya que no pusieron en riesgo ni prolongaron la evolución. El seguimiento alejado no mostró complicaciones. La exterminación institucional puede efectuarse durante el mismo día de la operación si se establecen formas de comunicación con el equipo quirúrgico.

Initial experience with stapled hemorrhoidopexy for treatment of hemorrhoids / Experiência inicial com o tratamento da doença hemorroidária pela técnica de grampeamento circular

BACKGROUND: Introduction of stapled hemorrhoidopexy by Longo in 1998 represented a radical change in the treatment of hemorrhoids. By avoiding multiple excisions and suture lines in the perianal region, stapled hemorrhoidopexy is intended to offer less postoperative pain than with conventional techniques. OBJECTIVE: To report and analyze the intra and postoperative results gained during initial experience with stapled hemorrhoidopexy. METHODS: One hundred and fifty five patients (67 males) with average age of 39.5 years (21-67 years) underwent stapled hemorrhoidopexy between June 2000 and December 2003 with symptomatic third-degree (n = 74) and fourth-degree (n = 81) hemorrhoids. Mean follow-up period was 20 months (14-60 months). RESULTS: Preoperative symptoms were prolapse (96.7 percent) and anal bleeding (96.1 percent). Overall mean operative time was 23 minutes (16-48 minutes). We observed one case of stapler failure and one case of failure to introduce the stapler occurred in a patient with previous anal surgery. Additional sutures for hemostasis were required in 103 patients (66.5 percent). Resection of skin tags was performed in 45 cases (29 percent). Postoperatively scheduled analgesia with oral dipyrone and celecoxib was enough for pain control in 131 patients (84.5 percent). Rescue analgesia was necessary in 24 cases (15.5 percent). Five patients needed opiates for pain control. Hospital discharge took place on the first postoperative day in 140 patients (90.3 percent). First defecation without pain was reported by 118 patients (76.1 percent). Postoperative complications were anal bleeding (10.3 percent), severe pain (3.2 percent), urinary retention (3.9 percent), fever without any signs of perianal infection (1.9 percent), incontinence for flatus (1.9 percent), hemorrhoidal thrombosis (1.3 percent). Two patients presented symptoms of recurrent hemorrhoidal disease and were successfully treated by conventional hemorrhoidectomy. They were no cases of...

RACIONAL: A introdução por Longo em 1998, da hemorroidopexia pela técnica de grampeamento circular representou uma mudança radical no tratamento cirúrgico da doença hemorroidária, ao passo que propõe o reposicionamento da mucosa anorretal prolapsada, sem excisão do mamilo hemorroidário, cursando assim com menor dor e menor tempo de recuperação pós-operatórios. OBJETIVO: Apresentar e analisar os resultados intra e pós-operatórios obtidos durante a experiência inicial com a técnica de grampeamento circular. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 155 pacientes (67 homens) com média de idade de 39,5 anos (21-67 anos) e doença hemorroidária sintomática grau III (n = 74) e IV (n = 81), operados consecutivamente pelo método do grampeamento circular entre junho de 2000 e dezembro de 2003. Resultados e complicações pós-operatórias foram aferidos num tempo de seguimento médio de 20 meses (14-60 meses). RESULTADOS: Os principais sintomas pré-operatórios foram prolapso (96,7 por cento) e sangramento (96,1 por cento). O tempo operatório médio foi de 23 minutos (16-48 minutos). Houve um caso de falha do equipamento e um de impossibilidade de introdução do mesmo (paciente com cirurgia anal prévia). Hemostasia adicional com sutura foi necessária em 103 pacientes (66,5 por cento) e a ressecção de plicomas foi realizada concomitantemente ao procedimento em 45 pacientes (29 por cento). A analgesia pós-operatória via oral com dipirona e celecoxib foi eficiente no controle da dor em 131 pacientes (84,5 por cento), 24 (15,5 por cento) necessitaram de analgesia complementar, sendo que 5 pacientes receberam opióides devido a dor intensa. A maioria dos pacientes (140 - 90,3 por cento) teve alta no primeiro dia de pós-operatório e 118 (76,1 por cento) referiram a primeira evacuação sem dor. As complicações pós-operatórias observadas foram: sangramento (10,3 por cento), tenesmo (3,9 por cento), retenção urinária (3,9 por cento), febre sem sinais infecciosos (1,9 por cento), incontinência...

Uso profilático de avanço de retalho no tratamento de hemorróidas / Prophylactic use of advance of remnant in the treatment of hemorrhoids

Objetivo: Os autores propõem uso de técnica fechada para tratamento de prolapso hemorroidário na qual realizam a sutura da mucosa retal à pele anal, como é habitual se proceder em cirurgias para estenose anal. O intuito de tal procedimento é de realizar ressecção de grandes mamilos e diminuir o risco de estenose, motivo pelo qual, chamam esta tática de "profilática". Pacientes: No período de Janeiro de 1999 até Julho de 2004, 196 pacientes (62 homens e 134 mulheres) portadores de hemorróidas graus III e IV, foram submetidos a hemorroidectomia por esta técnica. A partir de 2001, hidrocortisona passou a ser utilizada rotineiramente para prevenção de edema local. Resultados: Estudamos as complicações locais da cirurgia (32,5por cento) e verificamos entre elas deiscência (25,5por cento), dor (13,6por cento) e sangramento(1por cento), recidiva (1por cento) e estenose (1por cento). No período após o uso do corticóide os pacientes exibiram menos freqüentemente a deiscência. Conclusões: a técnica utilizada é de fácil execução, permitiu ressecção de mamilos secundários e obteve resultados semelhantes aos da literatura, mostrando-se eficaz para o tratamento cirúrgico de hemorróidas de terceiro e quarto graus. A hidrocortisona utilizada no período per-operatório relacionou-se a menores taxas de deiscência e tal dado necessita ser interpretado em estudos posteriores para melhor elucidação.