The Neber approach to 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-azirines.

The synthesis of 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-azirines is reported for the first time. Using the Neber approach, ß-ketoxime-1H-tetrazoles were converted into the target 2H-azirines bearing phenyl, furan-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, or pyrrol-2-yl substituents at C-3. It was demonstrated that the alkaloid-mediated Neber reaction allows the asymmetric synthesis of 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-azirines.

Domiciliary High-Flow Nasal Therapy in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

We report the case of an adolescent with severe primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) phenotype associated with a rare genotype. His clinical condition deteriorated, with daily cough and breathlessness, hypoxemia, and lung function decline. Despite being started on home noninvasive ventilation (NIV), the symptoms progressed to dyspnea at rest and thoracic pain. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was started during the daytime as an adjuvant to NIV, and he was started on regular oral opioids for pain and dyspnea control. There was a clear improvement in comfort and dyspnea and breathing work relief. Additionally, better exercise tolerance was also noted. He is currently on the lung transplant waiting list. We aim to emphasize the benefits of HFNC as an add-on therapy for the management of chronic breathlessness since our patient experienced an improvement in breathing and exercise tolerance. However, there is a paucity of studies regarding domiciliary HFNC, particularly in pediatric age. Therefore, further studies are needed to achieve optimal and personalized care. Close monitoring and frequent reassessment in a specialized center are key to adequate management.

Cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia: Similarities and differences.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) and Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are both rare chronic diseases, inherited disorders associated with multiple complications, namely respiratory complications, due to impaired mucociliary clearance that affect severely patients' lives. Although both are classified as rare diseases, PCD has a much lower prevalence than CF, particularly among Caucasians. As a result, CF is well studied, better recognized by clinicians, and with some therapeutic approaches already available. Whereas PCD is still largely unknown, and thus the approach is based on consensus guidelines, expert opinion, and extrapolation from the larger evidence base available for patients with CF. Both diseases have some clinical similarities but are very different, necessitating different treatment by specialists who are familiar with the complexities of each disease.This review aims to provide an overview of the knowledge about the two diseases with a focus on the similarities and differences between both in terms of disease mechanisms, common clinical manifestations, genetics and the most relevant therapeutic options. We hoped to raise clinical awareness about PCD, what it is, how it differs from CF, and how much information is still lacking. Furthermore, this review emphasises the fact that both diseases require ongoing research to find better treatments and, in particular for PCD, to fill the medical and scientific gaps.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Case Series.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible clinical-radiographic abnormality. It is characterized by headache, altered consciousness, seizures, and visual disruption, in addition to characteristic white matter edema lesions in the parieto-occipital areas of the brain. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent irreversible damage. This paper presents the cases of three patients with PRES with concurrent diagnoses of glomerulonephritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and sickle cell disease. All patients experienced systemic hypertension, seizures, and altered consciousness. All patients were admitted to intensive care for decreased level of awareness or status epilepticus requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Anticonvulsants and antihypertensive therapy were essential. No chronic complications were recorded.

Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema in a Child With Suspected Meningoencephalitis.

Acute fulminant cerebral edema (AFCE) is a recently identified encephalitis type associated with significant morbimortality. Described as rare, limited data exists on its early detection and treatment. This paper describes a case of AFCE that progressed to unresponsive intracranial hypertension. A previously healthy four-year-old boy presented with fever, myalgias, and neurological symptoms. Diagnostic assessments showed cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, and despite medical interventions, his condition deteriorated rapidly and developed severe cerebral edema and herniation within 24 hours. A decompressive craniectomy was attempted to decrease intracranial pressure, without success. This case emphasizes the urgency of early AFCE recognition and effective management strategies given its severe prognosis, aiming to improve understanding and spur further research.

Pulmonary Exacerbations in Pediatric Patients: Retrospective Study in a Portuguese Cystic Fibrosis Center.

(1) Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lung disease, the leading cause of morbimortality, is marked by acute worsening of symptoms-such as pulmonary exacerbations (PEx). The objectives of this study were: Identifying the frequency of PEx in pediatric CF patients; Characterizing each PEx; Finding association between the frequency and characteristics of the PEx and patients' features. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of all PEx from a period of January 2015 to December 2019 in a group of pediatric patients from a single CF center. Data were collected from medical records. Descriptive statistics and chi-square/Fisher's test were used. (3) Results: Thirty-four pediatric patients contributed to the total sample used in this study and 198 PEx were identified, median of 1.0 PEx/patient/year. Most frequent PEx symptoms were increased cough (93.9%) and change in secretions (88.4%), most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (54.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.9%). The majority were treated as outpatient (85.9%). Most common antibiotics included amoxicillin/clavulanate (35.9%) and ciprofloxacin (22.7%). Outcome was favorable in all PEx. (4) Conclusion: Results were consistent with what has been described in literature. More studies are necessary for a better characterization of CF PEx, in order to develop standardized protocols for their management.

Bibliometric Assessment of European and Sub-Saharan African Research Output on Poverty-Related and Neglected Infectious Diseases from 2003 to 2011.

BACKGROUND: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) is a partnership of European and sub-Saharan African countries that aims to accelerate the development of medical interventions against poverty-related diseases (PRDs). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to 1) measure research output from European and African researchers on PRDs, 2) describe collaboration patterns, and 3) assess the citation impact of clinical research funded by EDCTP. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Disease-specific research publications were identified in Thomson Reuters Web of Science using search terms in titles, abstracts and keywords. Publication data, including citation counts, were extracted for 2003-2011. Analyses including output, share of global papers, normalised citation impact (NCI), and geographical distribution are presented. Data are presented as five-year moving averages. European EDCTP member countries accounted for ~33% of global research output in PRDs and sub-Saharan African countries for ~10% (2007-2011). Both regions contributed more to the global research output in malaria (43.4% and 22.2%, respectively). The overall number of PRD papers from sub-Saharan Africa increased markedly (>47%) since 2003, particularly for HIV/AIDS (102%) and tuberculosis (TB) (81%), and principally involving Southern and East Africa. For 2007-2011, European and sub-Saharan African research collaboration on PRDs was highly cited compared with the world average (NCI in brackets): HIV/AIDS 1.62 (NCI: 1.16), TB 2.11 (NCI: 1.06), malaria 1.81 (NCI: 1.22), and neglected infectious diseases 1.34 (NCI: 0.97). The NCI of EDCTP-funded papers for 2003-2011 was exceptionally high for HIV/AIDS (3.24), TB (4.08) and HIV/TB co-infection (5.10) compared with global research benchmarks (1.14, 1.05 and 1.35, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The volume and citation impact of papers from sub-Saharan Africa has increased since 2003, as has collaborative research between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. >90% of publications from EDCTP-funded research were published in high-impact journals and are highly cited. These findings corroborate the benefit of collaborative research on PRDs.

Novel approach to bis(indolyl)methanes: de novo synthesis of 1-hydroxyiminomethyl derivatives with anti-cancer properties.

A versatile and broad range approach to previously unknown bis(indolyl)methane oximes based on two consecutive hetero Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions of electrophilic conjugated nitrosoalkenes with indoles is disclosed. The cytotoxic properties and selectivity of some adducts against several human cancer cell lines pointing to a promising role in the development of anti-tumoural drugs, in particular for leukaemia and lymphoma.

Interação entre imunidade e nutrição das aves: revisão de literatura / Interaction between immunity and nutrition poultry: literature review

A nutrição pode ser usada como uma ferramenta para modular o sistema imunológico das aves, a fim de produzir um estado ideal de imunidade, pois as alterações do sistema imunológico necessitam de energia e de vários nutrientes para a formação de células e outras substâncias envolvidas no sistema de defesa do organismo. Vários estudos são conduzidos para indicar quais os nutrientes, e em quais níveis de inclusão, capazes de determinar imunocompetência e maior resistência a desafios sanitários nos animais. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar os fundamentos da imunonutrição, alguns de seus principais imunomoduladores e atuação do sistema imunológico das aves.

Nutrition can be used as a tool to modulate the immune system of poultry, to produce an ideal state of immunity, since the immune system changes require energy and various nutrients for cell formation and other substances involved in the system of defense. Several studies are conducted to determine which nutrients, and inclusion levels which are capable of determining the immunocompetence and increased resistance in animal health challenges. The objective of this review is to address the fundamentals of immunonutrition, some of its key immunomodulatory activity and the immune system of poultry.

Interação entre imunidade e nutrição das aves: revisão de literatura / Interaction between immunity and nutrition poultry: literature review

A nutrição pode ser usada como uma ferramenta para modular o sistema imunológico das aves, a fim de produzir um estado ideal de imunidade, pois as alterações do sistema imunológico necessitam de energia e de vários nutrientes para a formação de células e outras substâncias envolvidas no sistema de defesa do organismo. Vários estudos são conduzidos para indicar quais os nutrientes, e em quais níveis de inclusão, capazes de determinar imunocompetência e maior resistência a desafios sanitários nos animais. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar os fundamentos da imunonutrição, alguns de seus principais imunomoduladores e atuação do sistema imunológico das aves. (AU)

Nutrition can be used as a tool to modulate the immune system of poultry, to produce an ideal state of immunity, since the immune system changes require energy and various nutrients for cell formation and other substances involved in the system of defense. Several studies are conducted to determine which nutrients, and inclusion levels which are capable of determining the immunocompetence and increased resistance in animal health challenges. The objective of this review is to address the fundamentals of immunonutrition, some of its key immunomodulatory activity and the immune system of poultry. (AU)

Effects of aflatoxin B(1) and fumonisin B(1) on blood biochemical parameters in broilers.

The individual and combined effects of dietary aflatoxin B(1 )(AFB(1)) and fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) on liver pathology, serum levels of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and plasma total protein (TP) of broilers were evaluated from 8 to 41 days of age. Dietary treatments included a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of AFB(1 )(0, 50 and 200 µg AFB(1)/kg), and three levels of FB(1 )(0, 50 and 200 mg FB(1)/kg). At 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed 50 mg FB(1 )only, concentrations of AST were higher (p < 0.05) in all other treatment groups when compared with controls. Plasma TP was lower (p < 0.05) at six days post feeding in groups fed 200 µg AFB(1)/kg alone or in combination with FB(1). At day 33 days post feeding, with the exception of birds fed the highest combination of AFB(1 )and FB(1 )which had higher plasma TP than control birds(, )plasma TP of birds fed other dietary treatments were similar to controls. Broilers receiving the highest levels of AFB(1) and FB(1) had bile duct proliferation and trabecular disorder in liver samples. AFB(1) singly or in combination with FB at the levels studied, caused liver damage and an increase in serum levels of AST.

Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frango provenientes de abatedouros do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2010 / Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in broiler carcasses from slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during 2000 to 2010

Salmonella spp. é freqüentemente isolada em alimentos de origem avícola, sendo uma das principais causas de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos, e representa risco à segurança alimentar no âmbito mundial. O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos resfriadas provenientes de abatedouros do Estado de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. Foram analisadas 609 amostras no período 2000 a 2010. Empregou-se a análise bacteriológica por metodologia convencional, recomendada pela Legislação Brasileira. A presença de Salmonella spp. foi isolada em 89 (14,6%) carcaças. S. Enteritidis ((49,4%) foi o sorovar prevalente, seguida pelos sorovares S. Albany (15,7%), S. Infantis (11,2%), S. Agona (5,6%), S. Tennessee (4,5%), S. Heidelberg (3,4%), Salmonella spp. (3,4%), S. Kentucky (2,3%), S. enterica O:4,5 (2,3%), S. Montevideo (1,1%) e S. Newport (1,1%).

The occurrence of Salmonella spp. in food has been a crucial topic of worldwide concern. The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in broiler carcasses slaughterhouse and commercialized in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. From 2000 to 2010, 609 broiler carcasses samples were collected from slaughterhouse. The samples were assayed by conventional bacteriological analysis methodology recommended by Brazilian legislation. The presence of Salmonella spp. was isolated in 89 (14.6%) carcasses. S. Enteritidis ((49.4%) was the most prevalent serovar, followed by serovars S. Albany (15.7%), S. Infantis (11.2%), S. Agona (5.6%), S. Tennessee (4.5%), S. Heidelberg (3.4%), Salmonella spp. (3.4%), S. Kentucky (2.3%), S. enterica O:4.5 (2,3 %), S. Montevideo (1.1%) and S. Newport (1.1%).

Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frango provenientes de abatedouros do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2010 / Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in broiler carcasses from slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during 2000 to 2010

Salmonella spp. é freqüentemente isolada em alimentos de origem avícola, sendo uma das principais causas de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos, e representa risco à segurança alimentar no âmbito mundial. O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos resfriadas provenientes de abatedouros do Estado de São Paulo-SP, Brasil. Foram analisadas 609 amostras no período 2000 a 2010. Empregou-se a análise bacteriológica por metodologia convencional, recomendada pela Legislação Brasileira. A presença de Salmonella spp. foi isolada em 89 (14,6%) carcaças. S. Enteritidis ((49,4%) foi o sorovar prevalente, seguida pelos sorovares S. Albany (15,7%), S. Infantis (11,2%), S. Agona (5,6%), S. Tennessee (4,5%), S. Heidelberg (3,4%), Salmonella spp. (3,4%), S. Kentucky (2,3%), S. enterica O:4,5 (2,3%), S. Montevideo (1,1%) e S. Newport (1,1%). (AU)

The occurrence of Salmonella spp. in food has been a crucial topic of worldwide concern. The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in broiler carcasses slaughterhouse and commercialized in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. From 2000 to 2010, 609 broiler carcasses samples were collected from slaughterhouse. The samples were assayed by conventional bacteriological analysis methodology recommended by Brazilian legislation. The presence of Salmonella spp. was isolated in 89 (14.6%) carcasses. S. Enteritidis ((49.4%) was the most prevalent serovar, followed by serovars S. Albany (15.7%), S. Infantis (11.2%), S. Agona (5.6%), S. Tennessee (4.5%), S. Heidelberg (3.4%), Salmonella spp. (3.4%), S. Kentucky (2.3%), S. enterica O:4.5 (2,3 %), S. Montevideo (1.1%) and S. Newport (1.1%). (AU)

Eficiência de metodologias de preparo de amostra para pesquisa de Salmonella e contagem de mesófilos em carcaças de frango / Efficiency of the methodologies to preparing samples to detecting Salmonella and counting of mesophilics in broiler chicken carcass

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficiência de duas metodologias de pré-enriquecimento para a detecção de Salmonella spp. e de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos em 94 amostras de carcaças de frango resfriadas. As técnicas avaliadas foram a de pesagem de 25 g da carcaça (metodologia tradicional) e a de enxaguadura. A primeira técnica consistiu em colher 25 g da carcaça e diluir em 225 mL de água peptonada tamponada e a segunda técnica em fazer uma enxaguadura na carcaça com 300 mL de água peptonada tamponada. Os resultados demostraram que 12 (12,8%) e 22 (23,4%) das amostras foram positivas para Salmonella spp. através da técnica de 25 g e pela técnica de enxaguadura, respectivamente. Salmonella Enteritidis foi o sorovar predominante em ambos os métodos. A contagem de microorganismos aeróbios mesófilos variou entre 1,1 x 101 a 4,5 x 105 UFC/g.

The aim of this study was verify the efficiency of two methodologies of pre-enrichment for the detection of Salmonella spp. and mesophilic aerobic microorganism in 94 samples of frozen broiler chickens. The techniques evaluated were weighing 25 g of carcass (tradicional method) and whole carcass rinse tecnique. The one method consists to collect 25 g of carcass and diluted in 225 mL buffered peptone water and the second techique consists to rinse the carcass with 300 mL of buffered peptone water. The results showed that 12 (12.8%) and 22 (23.4%) of the samples were positive to Salmonella spp. by the weighing and rinsing tecniques, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis was the predominant serovar in both methods. The count for the aerobic meshophilic microorganisms ranged betwen 1.1 x 101 to 4.5 x 105 UFC/g.

Eficiência de metodologias de preparo de amostra para pesquisa de Salmonella e contagem de mesófilos em carcaças de frango / Efficiency of the methodologies to preparing samples to detecting Salmonella and counting of mesophilics in broiler chicken carcass

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficiência de duas metodologias de pré-enriquecimento para a detecção de Salmonella spp. e de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos em 94 amostras de carcaças de frango resfriadas. As técnicas avaliadas foram a de pesagem de 25 g da carcaça (metodologia tradicional) e a de enxaguadura. A primeira técnica consistiu em colher 25 g da carcaça e diluir em 225 mL de água peptonada tamponada e a segunda técnica em fazer uma enxaguadura na carcaça com 300 mL de água peptonada tamponada. Os resultados demostraram que 12 (12,8%) e 22 (23,4%) das amostras foram positivas para Salmonella spp. através da técnica de 25 g e pela técnica de enxaguadura, respectivamente. Salmonella Enteritidis foi o sorovar predominante em ambos os métodos. A contagem de microorganismos aeróbios mesófilos variou entre 1,1 x 101 a 4,5 x 105 UFC/g. (AU)

The aim of this study was verify the efficiency of two methodologies of pre-enrichment for the detection of Salmonella spp. and mesophilic aerobic microorganism in 94 samples of frozen broiler chickens. The techniques evaluated were weighing 25 g of carcass (tradicional method) and whole carcass rinse tecnique. The one method consists to collect 25 g of carcass and diluted in 225 mL buffered peptone water and the second techique consists to rinse the carcass with 300 mL of buffered peptone water. The results showed that 12 (12.8%) and 22 (23.4%) of the samples were positive to Salmonella spp. by the weighing and rinsing tecniques, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis was the predominant serovar in both methods. The count for the aerobic meshophilic microorganisms ranged betwen 1.1 x 101 to 4.5 x 105 UFC/g. (AU)

Diferentes fontes e níveis de selênio sobre a imunidade humoral de frangos de corte / Different sources and levels of selenium on humoral immunity of broiler chickens

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de investigar os efeitos da variação de níveis e fontes de selênio (Se) sobre a imunidade humoral de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1440 pintos de um dia, machos, criados até os 42 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis dietas experimentais (A: 0,15mg kg-1 Se inorgânico (inorg.); B: 0,15mg kg-1 Se orgânico; C: 0,15mg kg-1 Se inorg.+orgânico; D: 0,45mg kg-1 Se inorgânico; E: 0,45mg kg-1 Se orgânico; F: 0,45mg kg-1 Se inorg.+orgânico) calculadas para fornecerem a quantidade de Se descritas, e seis repetições com 40 aves cada. Foi utilizado um arranjo fatorial 3x2 e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, com nível de significância a 5 por cento. A imunidade foi avaliada por meio da resposta à vacina contra a Doença de Newcastle e resposta à sensibilização prévia com eritrócitos de carneiro (SRBC). Não foi observada diferença estatística ao nível de significância de 5 por cento, para os títulos de anticorpos contra a vacina da Doença de Newcastle (P>0,05). Entretanto aos 14 dias o fator fonte obteve probabilidade (P=0,0580), resultado que mostra uma tendência de influência da fonte inorgânica na manutenção da imunidade materna, pois nesta idade as aves ainda não haviam sido vacinadas contra a Doença de Newcastle. Não foi observado nenhum efeito para variável de resposta a sensibilização prévia com SRBC (P>0,05). Os resultados mostram que as aves responderam imunologicamente ao estímulo, porém a variação da fonte e do nível de Se não foi capaz de induzir uma diferença significativa na resposta imunológica das aves. Os níveis e fontes de Se não têm efeito sobre a resposta imunológica aos eritrócitos de carneiro (SRBC) e, resposta imunológica a vacina contra a Doença de Newcastle.

The use of organic trace minerals is getting strength and is an alternative to increase production and improve other characteristics such as humoral immunity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels and sources of selenium (Se) on humoral immunity of broilers. A six-week research was conducted using 1440 one-day-old males broiler chickens. The experimental design was randomized with six experimental diets (A: 0.15mg kg-1 inorganic (inorg.); B: 0.15mg kg-1 organic; C: 0.15mg kg-1 inorg.+organic; D: 0.45mg kg-1 inorganic; E: 0.45mg kg-1 organic; F: 0.45mg kg-1 inorg.+organic) calculated to provide the described amount of Se. Each diet was replicated in six box with 40 birds. A 3x2 factorial arrangement was used and the data were analyzed by ANOVA. The immunity was evaluated by means of the reaction against vaccine of Newcastle disease, and a reaction against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). No significant effects were observed at 5 percent significance level in NewCastle antibody (P>0.05). However at 14 day-old the source factor had p value at 0.0580, that show a trend of inorganic source in prolong the maternal immunity. No effect was observed in the immune response against SRBC (P>0.05). The results showed a immunologic response against Newcastle vaccine and SRBC, but the treatments was not able to induce a significant difference. The source and the level of Se showed no effect on the response against Newcastle vaccine and SRBC.

O impacto da descoberta da sorologia positiva do portador de HIV/AIDS e sua família / The impact of discovering HIV-positive status on people with HIV/AIDS and their families

Estudo descritivo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, que objetivou compreender o impacto da sorologia positiva na vida do portador de HIV/AIDS e seu familiar. Foram pesquisados 20 indivíduos, sendo 10 portadores de HIV/AIDS e seus respectivos cuidadores. O estudo foi realizado no Serviço de Ambulatório Especializado em AIDS de Campo Mourão, PR, no período de junho de 2006 a julho de 2007. O fato de descobrir-se com sorologia positiva desencadeia uma diversidade de sentimentos e comportamentos para portadores e cuidadores. No entanto, com o passar do tempo, essa dificuldade vai dando lugar a outros sentimentos como valorização da vida e mudança no cotidiano com vistas à melhora na qualidade de vida. Demonstraram que, apesar de serem atendidos num serviço especializado, ainda sentem dificuldades para compreender a doença. Há necessidade de maior investimento em orientações por parte dos profissionais de saúde, especialmente porque, ao relatarem algumas orientações recebidas, os sujeitos parecem repeti-las sem tê-las realmente introjetado no dia-a-dia.(AU)

This descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of positive HIV/Aids status on the lives of patients and their relatives. Ten patients and their respective caretakers were the subjects of this research. The study was undertaken at the Specialized Aids Service Clinic of Campo Mourão, Paraná State, Brazil, from June 2006 to July 2007. The discovery of positive status unleashes a variety of feelings and behaviors in both patients and caretakers. With time, however, that difficulty gives way to other feelings, such as valuing life, and changes in daily habits, with a view to improving quality of life. The patients demonstrated that, despite receiving specialized care, they still find it difficult to understand the disease. This indicates the need for greater engagement on the part of health professionals, especially because, when reporting guidance they have received, patients seem merely to repeat it without really having incorporated it into their daily lives.(AU)

Estudio descriptivo exploratorio de naturaleza cualitativa, que objetivó comprender el impacto de la serología positiva en la vida del portador de HIV/SIDA y su familiar. Fueron participantes de la investigación 10 portadores y sus respectivos cuidadores. El estudio fue realizado en el Servicio de Ambulatorio Especializado en SIDA de Campo Mourão, Paraná Brasil, en el período de junio de 2006 a julio de 2007. El hecho de descubrirse con serología positiva desencadena una diversidad de sentimientos y comportamientos para portadores y cuidadores. Mientras tanto, con el pasar del tiempo, esa dificultad dá lugar a otros sentimientos como valorización de la vida y cambio en el cotidiano con el objetivo de mejora en la cualidad de vida. Demostraron que, a pesar de atendidos en un servicio especializado, ellos aún sienten dificultades para comprender la enfermedad. Hay necesidad de mayor inversión en orientaciones por los profesionales de salud, especialmente porque, al relatar algunas orientaciones recibidas, los sujetos parecen repetirlas sin haberlas interiorizado realmente en su cotidiano.

O impacto da descoberta da sorologia positiva do portador de HIV/AIDS e sua família / The impact of discovering HIV-positive status on people with HIV/AIDS and their families

Estudo descritivo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, que objetivou compreender o impacto da sorologia positiva na vida do portador de HIV/AIDS e seu familiar. Foram pesquisados 20 indivíduos, sendo 10 portadores de HIV/AIDS e seus respectivos cuidadores. O estudo foi realizado no Serviço de Ambulatório Especializado em AIDS de Campo Mourão, PR, no período de junho de 2006 a julho de 2007. O fato de descobrir-se com sorologia positiva desencadeia uma diversidade de sentimentos e comportamentos para portadores e cuidadores. No entanto, com o passar do tempo, essa dificuldade vai dando lugar a outros sentimentos como valorização da vida e mudança no cotidiano com vistas à melhora na qualidade de vida. Demonstraram que, apesar de serem atendidos num serviço especializado, ainda sentem dificuldades para compreender a doença. Há necessidade de maior investimento em orientações por parte dos profissionais de saúde, especialmente porque, ao relatarem algumas orientações recebidas, os sujeitos parecem repeti-las sem tê-las realmente introjetado no dia-a-dia.

This descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of positive HIV/Aids status on the lives of patients and their relatives. Ten patients and their respective caretakers were the subjects of this research. The study was undertaken at the Specialized Aids Service Clinic of Campo Mourão, Paraná State, Brazil, from June 2006 to July 2007. The discovery of positive status unleashes a variety of feelings and behaviors in both patients and caretakers. With time, however, that difficulty gives way to other feelings, such as valuing life, and changes in daily habits, with a view to improving quality of life. The patients demonstrated that, despite receiving specialized care, they still find it difficult to understand the disease. This indicates the need for greater engagement on the part of health professionals, especially because, when reporting guidance they have received, patients seem merely to repeat it without really having incorporated it into their daily lives.

Estudio descriptivo exploratorio de naturaleza cualitativa, que objetivó comprender el impacto de la serología positiva en la vida del portador de HIV/SIDA y su familiar. Fueron participantes de la investigación 10 portadores y sus respectivos cuidadores. El estudio fue realizado en el Servicio de Ambulatorio Especializado en SIDA de Campo Mourão, Paraná – Brasil, en el período de junio de 2006 a julio de 2007. El hecho de descubrirse con serología positiva desencadena una diversidad de sentimientos y comportamientos para portadores y cuidadores. Mientras tanto, con el pasar del tiempo, esa dificultad dá lugar a otros sentimientos como valorización de la vida y cambio en el cotidiano con el objetivo de mejora en la cualidad de vida. Demostraron que, a pesar de atendidos en un servicio especializado, ellos aún sienten dificultades para comprender la enfermedad. Hay necesidad de mayor inversión en orientaciones por los profesionales de salud, especialmente porque, al relatar algunas orientaciones recibidas, los sujetos parecen repetirlas sin haberlas interiorizado realmente en su cotidiano.

Aptidão física em uma população de pacientes hipertensos: avaliação das condições osteoarticulares visando a benefício cardiovascular / Physical fitness in a population of hypertensive patients: evaluation of the osteoarticular conditions for the cardiovascular benefit

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições osteoarticulares de pacientes hipertensos que receberam orientação para prática de atividade física. Avaliaram-se as condições biomecânicas das estruturas osteoarticulares que poderiam afetar os benefícios esperados pela atividade física regular moderada. Estudaram-se 200 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 75 anos. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo Questionário PAR-Q (PhysicalActivity Readiness Questionnaire) e pela avaliação física feita por um fisioterapeuta. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria da população estudada realiza algum tipo de atividade física, com freqüência média de três vezes por semana e predomínio de caminhada. Em ambos os sexos, o comprometimento da flexibilidade (p = 0,045) foi bastante significativo, e quadril e joelhos mostraram alterações-padrão de comprometimento diferentes entre homens e mulheres. Essas alterações apresentaram grau de acentuação que compromete o bom desempenho na realização de qualquer prática de atividade física. Tais dados sugerem a necessidade de uma avaliação prévia por parte de profissionais da área de fisioterapia ou educadores físicos de modo a elaborar e conduzir o paciente a realizar uma atividade física que alcance os objetivos propostos, sem cronificação de lesões prévias que podem, principalmente, limitar ou impedir a prática regular de exercícios como medida de modificação de estilo de vida com benefícios cardiovasculares.

The aim of this study was to evaluate osteoarticular status in hypertensive patients entitled to receive instructions for practice of physical activity. We assessed biomechanics conditions of osteoarticular structures that could affect the expected benefits of physical activity. A total of 200 patients of both sexes, with 18 to 75 years of age were studied. Patients were asked to answer the PAR-Q Questionnaire and underwent a physical evaluation performed by a physiotherapist. Our results showed that most of the studied population was engaged in some type of physical activity, with an average frequency of three times a week, mainly walking. In both sexes we found an impairment in flexibility (p = 0.045) which was quite significant, and also hip and knees showed different change profiles between men and women. These changes represent an impaired performance in their regular activity. Our data suggest the need of a previous evaluation by a physiotherapist in order to prepare and guide the patientto perform a physical activity that might allow he/she to reach the proposed objectives, with no perpetuation of previous lesions which may limit or even prevent the regular practice of exercises as a measure of life style modification with cardiovascular benefits.