Gumming Up The Works: Field Tests of a New Food-Grade Gum as Behavioral Disruptor for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is an economically important pest of small and stone fruits. Its establishment in the Americas and Europe marked an important turning point in crop management programs. Ten years after its first detection, an effective integrated pest management program has yet to be developed and pesticides are mainly used to control this pest. Here we test a new behavioral control tool, with the aim to develop an alternative pest control strategy. A food-grade gum matrix, was evaluated under controlled and open field conditions for its ability to attract the pest and protect the ripening fruit. Here, we report that the gum effectively reduces fruit infestation when used under managed conditions. We show that a single point source can affect D. suzukii behavior over a 3.6 m radius and last for up to 21 d. Open field data reveal that the efficacy of the gum is significantly impacted by water content. We discuss these results in respect to the future implications for D. suzukii management, along with important considerations on gum mechanism of action, possible application strategies and economic suitability for growers.

[O-arm navigation in spinal surgery for complex cases]. / Navegación O-arm en cirugía vertebral para casos complejos.

The intraoperative computer-assisted navigation technique has evolved and changed the way we approach certain complex cases in the vertebral pathologies. The main advantages of this technique are that it increases the accuracy of the procedure, reduces its morbidity and invasiveness, diminishes the radiation dose and improves surgical protocols. In addition to the transpedicular fixation, the navigation system is useful in a high variety of pathologies such as spinal decompression or tumor resection. In the present study, we show several cases where navigation is used intraoperatively in different pathologies and their clinical outcomes.

La técnica asistida por navegación intraoperatoria ha evolucionado y cambiado la forma de abordar ciertos casos complejos en la patología vertebral. Las principales ventajas de esta técnica consisten en aumentar la precisión de la intervención, reducir su morbilidad y carácter invasivo, disminuir la dosis de exposición radiológica y mejorar los protocolos quirúrgicos. Además de la fijación transpedicular, el sistema de navegación es útil en una alta variedad de padecimientos, como la descompresión medular o la resección tumoral. En el presente estudio mostramos varios casos donde se ha usado la navegación intraoperatoria en diferentes patologías y sus resultados clínicos.

The registered nurse student: a role congruence perspective.

This correlational study examined the degree of congruence between the interpersonal orientation of the RN student seeking a BS degree in nursing, and her perceptions of the student role. Role congruence was defined as enjoyment, involvement and commitment to the student role. The Cohen CAD Scale, based on Horney's psychoanalytic theory, measured compliant, aggressive and detached interpersonal orientations. Findings indicated that RN students with relatively high compliant interpersonal orientations experienced congruence in the student role. Students with high aggressive or detached orientations experienced incongruence in the student role. The majority of students evidenced strong commitment and determination but almost half did not feel respected by faculty. Recommendations include: implementation of anticipatory guidance sessions prior to entering the nursing major; utilization of adult education principles by faculty; and research to explore faculty attitudes toward this learner group.

The lived experience of aging in community-dwelling elders in Valencia, Spain: a phenomenological study.

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the lived experience of aging in community-dwelling elders in Valencia, Spain. A bilingual, bicultural endeavor, this research was a collaborative project conducted by nurse educators in New York City and Valencia. Parse's theory of human becoming guided the research, and van Kaam's phenomenological method of analysis was used to identify common elements and major themes of experience. Findings revealed the meaning of aging to be confirming triumphs through the forceful enlivening of bridled potency. These findings were conceptually consistent with Parse's major themes of meaning, rhythmicity, and cotranscendence. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during (+/-)-isoproterenol-induced cell injury of myocardium.

Hydrolytic and synthetic activities of mitochondrial ATPase were studied during (+/-)-isoproterenol-induced cell injury of the myocardium (67 mg/kg body weight). This research was a long-term study (72 h) in which rat heart homogenates, and a potentiometric method were used. Hydrolytic activities in homogenates from (+/-)-isoproterenol-treated rats were not statistically different, during the whole long-term study, from the hydrolytic activity in normal homogenates. The synthetic activity (mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation) of mitochondrial ATPase increased at 3, 6, and 18 h (35, 48 and 23% respectively) after (+/-)-isoproterenol administration with regard to the control group. At 12 h and 21-72 h after drug administration, the data revealed no differences between synthetic activity of mitochondrial ATPase in control vs (+/-)-isoproterenol treated homogenates. The facts that synthetic and hydrolytic activities in homogenates from (+/-)-isoproterenol treated rats were never lower than the synthetic and hydrolytic activities in normal homogenates, and that activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation occurred at some times after (+/-)-isoproterenol treatment, suggest that no considerable and "negative" modifications occur in the active configuration of mitochondrial ATPase during (+/-)-isoproterenol-induced injury of the myocardium (67 mg/kg body weight).

Pain as a mutual experience for patients, nurses and families: unique international perspectives from the Peoples' Republic of China, the United States, Malawi and Spain.

This article shares findings from a descriptive research study that explored pain recognition, pain intervention and perceived pain relief in laboring women, children and older adult patients from four very different countries. Researchers included co-investigators from each site and a team of more than 20 nurses from China, the United States, Malawi and Spain. This international, multi-site study investigated specific aspects of the phenomena of pain which are known to be of interest to nurses internationally. Critical issues related to feasibility of this study depended, in large part, on the ability of principle investigators to have access to a sample comprised of sub-samples of nationally different subjects that would represent the population of interest. Access to the four study countries was made possible through professional relationships previously developed by either one of the principal or co-investigators.

Pain as a mutual experience for patients, nurses and families: a perspective from Valencia, Spain.

The Spanish data collection was consistent with the overall study design and drew from three groups: laboring women, children and elderly patients. The Valencia data was amongst the most detailed, specific and complete in this international study. This is most likely due to the experienced nature of the Spanish research team. The study results revealed more commonalities than differences in all age groups with regard to pain identification and pain alleviation. Across age groups, pain was identified by study participants through observation and listening.

Alterations of mitochondria in liver but not in heart homogenates after treatment of rats with benznidazole.

The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system was studied in liver and heart homogenates after treatment of rats with benznidazole. The drug was given by oral gavage to adult female Wistar rats for 9 consecutive days (100 mg benznidazole/kg body weight as a daily dose). The mitochondrial state 4 and state 3 respiration rates, respiratory control, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (ADP/O), and ATPsynthase activity were assayed. The results showed that according to all these parameters, the mitochondria in cardiac homogenates were not affected in the rats treated with benznidazole. By contrast, mitochondria in the liver homogenates of drug-treated rats were altered, showing decreased respiratory control and a lower coefficient of ADP/O as a result of an increase in the state 4 respiration rate. These data indicate the possibility of production of an uncoupling factor leading to increased proton leakage through the inner mitochondrial membrane as a result of a 9-day treatment of rats with benzonidazole. The obtained experimental data might at least partly explain the nature of benznidazole toxicity in the liver treated with benznidazole.

Evaluation of the impact of the urinary symptoms on quality of life of patients with painful bladder syndrome/chronic pelvic pain and radiation cystitis: EURCIS study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of urinary symptoms of Painful Bladder/Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Radiation Cystitis (PBCPPS) on the Quality of Life, and self-esteem of the patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, multicenter, epidemiological and cross-sectional study was performed on patients with Painful Bladder/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Radiation Cystitis. Data was recorded on severity of urinary symptoms and QoL impairment using the PUF Score. The patients evaluated the QoL deterioration grade through the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and the level of their anxiety and self-esteem with the Goldberg's Anxiety Scale (GAS) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), respectively. Post-hoc comparisons were performed between the results of the KHQ of this study and a sample of patients with urinary incontinence (UI). Results on RSES were analyzed with data from the general population and from patients with erectile dysfunction. RESULTS: A total of 530 cases, mostly female patients, who had been diagnosed with PBCPPS, were analyzed. High levels of deterioration in QoL were described: KHQ scores were significantly higher when compared with patients with UI (P<.01). Involvement of self-esteem was higher in patients with RC and men, who obtained scores similar to those of patients with erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Painful Bladder Syndrome/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Radiation Cystitis present high levels of anxiety, and significant reductions in both quality of life and self-esteem. Especially for men, this affectation is similar to that caused by erectile dysfunction.

Utility of Histoscanning™ prior to prostate biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: HistoScanning™ (HS) is a method of ecographic diagnosis of prostate cancer. We analyze the effectiveness of the HS realization prior to the biopsies for the prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From August to October 2012 we have carried out a study with HS prior to the biopsies in 32 patients. In all cases sextants transrectal biopsies have been realized (two cores in each sextant) in the periphery zone. In those sextants in which there were suspicious areas with HS, the biopsies were addressed to those areas. Transperineal biopsies were added to those zones placed in the half-front or apical prostatic zone. The medium age was 63.7 years (range 40-82) with a medium PSA of 8.0 ng/ml (range 3.5-36.2) and a medium prostatic volume of 46.6cc (range 18.2-103.2). In eight cases it was the first biopsy, in 14 cases they were repetition biopsies and 10 patients had a previous diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma (8 in a program of active surveillance and 2 T1a in RTU of previous prostate). RESULTS: In the 32 patients a medium of 7,5 zones were biopsied (range 6-9) with a total of 239 zones studied. There were identified a medium of 3.2 zones with suspicious areas (ZS) with HS (range 2-5) with a total of 103 ZS. In 72 zones of 25 patients it was found adenocarcinoma or PIN (2 PIN, 11 score Gleason 6, 7 score Gleason 7, 3 score Gleason 8 and 2 score Gleason 9). There were 35 positive false zones in 20 patients (11 normal parenquima and 9 chronic inflammation). Negative falses were produced in 5 zones in 5 patients (2PIN, 2 score Gleason 6 and 1 score Gleason 7) although in all 5 cases adenocarcinoma was encountered (o discovered) in other zones. The HS presented a sensibility of a 93.5% with a specificity of 79.5%. The positive predictive value was of the 67.35% with a negative predictive value of 96.5%. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of being a selected serie, with a high rate of patients with adenocarcinoma, the exploration with HS has presented a great sensibility and a high negative predictive value. These data, although they must be confirmed in less selected series, state that the prior exploration with HS can help as in the diagnostic in the biopsies as in the follow-up of programs of active surveillance.

[Obesity as risk factor for lithiasic recurrence]. / Obesidad como factor de riesgo para la recidiva litiásica.

OBJECTIVES: Obese patients may have special characteristics in the urinary stones formed, as the body mass index (BMI) may also be a predictive factor in lithiasic recurrence. We aim to evaluate and compare the lithiasic characteristics according to the different BMI categories, also considering the likelihood of lithiasic recurrence in presence of age and gender covariables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis on 346 lithiasic patients, 96 (27.7%) had low-normal weight, 151 (43.6%) overweight, and 99 (28.6%) obesity. The Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used. Survival analysis for the calculation of likelihood of lithiasic recurrence (yes/no) was made based on time on 158 patients in whom complete resolution of the initial stone was achieved by the Kaplan Meier method. Comparisons between the different categories of BMI were made using the log-Rank, Breslow and Tarone-Ware tests. Multivariate analysis was also made with the Cox regression model, introducing the covariables of age and gender. RESULTS: A significant growing linear tendency has been demonstrated between multiplicity and BMI (p=0.03). The variables size and composition did not show significant differences between the groups. Median follow-up of 158 patients included in the survival analysis was 1866 days (95% CI 1602.5-2129.5). Eighteen (11.4%) of them recurred, without finding significant differences between groups: 4 low-normal weight (9.8%), 10 overweight (14.1%) and 4 obese (8.7%). The multivariate analysis also did not show a significant influence of the BMI on lithiasic recurrence (p=0.86; HR =1.06; 95% CI: 0.56-2.03). CONCLUSION: A significant influence of BMI was shown on lithiasic multiplicity on diagnosis, although not on lithiasic recurrence based on time. It seems to be necessary to carry out studies in larger samples to calculate the true influence of BMI on lithiasic recurrence.

Navegación O-arm en cirugía vertebral para casos complejos / O-ARM navigation in spinal surgery for complex cases

Resumen: La técnica asistida por navegación intraoperatoria ha evolucionado y cambiado la forma de abordar ciertos casos complejos en la patología vertebral. Las principales ventajas de esta técnica consisten en aumentar la precisión de la intervención, reducir su morbilidad y carácter invasivo, disminuir la dosis de exposición radiológica y mejorar los protocolos quirúrgicos. Además de la fijación transpedicular, el sistema de navegación es útil en una alta variedad de padecimientos, como la descompresión medular o la resección tumoral. En el presente estudio mostramos varios casos donde se ha usado la navegación intraoperatoria en diferentes patologías y sus resultados clínicos.

Abstract: The intraoperative computer-assisted navigation technique has evolved and changed the way we approach certain complex cases in the vertebral pathologies. The main advantages of this technique are that it increases the accuracy of the procedure, reduces its morbidity and invasiveness, diminishes the radiation dose and improves surgical protocols. In addition to the transpedicular fixation, the navigation system is useful in a high variety of pathologies such as spinal decompression or tumor resection. In the present study, we show several cases where navigation is used intraoperatively in different pathologies and their clinical outcomes.

Mitochondrial bioenergetics after nine-day treatment regimen with benzonidazole in rats.

The bioenergetics of cardiac, liver, and kidney mitochondria after 9-day treatment regimen with benzonidazole was studied in rats. The drug was given by oral gavage to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats for 9 consecutive days (100 mg benzonidazole/kg body weight as daily dose). The assayed mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters were the state 4, state 3, respiratory control, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and the activity of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. The results showed that mitochondrial parameters were not altered statistically after in cardiac and kidney mitochondria, but respiratory control in liver mitochondria was statistically increased with benzonidazole treatment. This change was likely due to a slight decrease in state 4 bioenergy metabolism. These results indicate that 9-day benzonidazole treatment regimen had no negative effect on cardiac, liver, and kidney mitochondrial energy metabolism but increased respiratory control in rat liver mitochondria.

Monitoring and analysis of cardio respiratory and snoring signals by using an accelerometer.

In this paper we present a system based on a sensor of acceleration for acquisition and monitoring of diverse physiological signals, by extracting respiratory, cardiac and snoring components inside the main source. Digital signal processing techniques used frequently in Biomedical Engineering have been used. The acceleration produced by the cardiac signals, the respiratory movements and the vibrations generated by the snores are detected with help of an accelerometer placed on the skin of the subject in not invasive way. The presented device allows the monitoring of several biomedical parameters: heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), Sympathetic, parasympathetic and baroreflex activity, respiratory rhythms and their variations (bradypnea - tachypnea), snoring and abdominal-thoracic efforts. A simple and effective method and device [1] is provided for helping to the diagnosis of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) and other breathing disorders.

Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase during isoproterenol-induced cell injury of myocardium.

The enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase was investigated during isoproterenol-induced cell injury of myocardium, using rat heart homogenates and a potentiometric method. The enzymatic activity of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and the inhibitory action of oligomycin do not show significant alterations upon treatment with isoproterenol. These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that modifications in the active configuration of the mitochondrial ATPase take place during isoproterenol-induced injury of myocardium.

Evaluación del impacto de la sintomatología urinaria en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con síndrome de vejiga dolorosa/dolor pélvico crónico y cistitis rádica: estudio EURCIS / Evaluation of the impact of the urinary symptoms on quality of life of patients with painful bladder syndrome/chronic pelvic pain and radiation cystitis: EURCIS study

Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto que tiene la sintomatología urinaria secundaria a síndrome de vejiga dolorosa/dolor pélvico crónico (SVDPC) y cistitis rádica (CR) en la calidad de vida (CV) y la autoestima del paciente. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional epidemiológico transversal multicéntrico en pacientes con cuadros de SVDPC o CR. Se registraron datos acerca de la gravedad de los síntomas urinarios con la escala PUF. Los pacientes valoraron el grado de deterioro de su CV por medio del cuestionario de salud de King (CSK), así como su nivel de ansiedad y autoestima mediante las escalas de Goldberg y de Rosenberg (EAR), respectivamente. Los resultados del CSK se compararon post hoc con una muestra de pacientes con incontinencia urinaria (IU), mientras que los de la EAR se analizaron frente a los obtenidos en población general y pacientes con disfunción eréctil. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 530 casos de pacientes, en su mayoría del sexo femenino y con diagnóstico de SVDPC. Se describieron niveles altos de deterioro en la CV en la mayoría de pacientes, con puntuaciones del CSK significativamente mayores en comparación con las muestras de pacientes con IU (p < 0,01). La afectación en la autoestima fue mayor en pacientes con CR y en hombres, que obtuvieron puntuaciones similares a las de pacientes con disfunción eréctil. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con SVDPC y CR, además de tener niveles elevados de ansiedad, presentan disminuciones significativas tanto en la CV como en la autoestima que, particularmente para los varones, es similar a la producida por la disfunción eréctil

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of urinary symptoms of Painful Bladder/Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Radiation Cystitis (PBCPPS) on the Quality of Life, and self-esteem of the patient. Material and methods: An observational, multicenter, epidemiological and cross-sectional study was performed on patients with Painful Bladder/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Radiation Cystitis. Data was recorded on severity of urinary symptoms and QoL impairment using the PUF Score. The patients evaluated the QoL deterioration grade through the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and the level of their anxiety and self-esteem with the Goldberg's Anxiety Scale (GAS) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), respectively. Post-hoc comparisons were performed between the results of the KHQ of this study and a sample of patients with urinary incontinence (UI). Results on RSES were analyzed with data from the general population and from patients with erectile dysfunction. Results: A total of 530 cases, mostly female patients, who had been diagnosed with PBCPPS, were analyzed. High levels of deterioration in QoL were described: KHQ scores were significantly higher when compared with patients with UI (P < 0.01). Involvement of self-esteem was higher in patients with RC and men, who obtained scores similar to those of patients with erectile dysfunction. Conclusions: Patients with Painful Bladder Syndrome/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Radiation Cystitis present high levels of anxiety, and significant reductions in both quality of life and self-esteem. Especially for men, this affectation is similar to that caused by erectile dysfunction

Utilidad de HistoScanning™ previo a biopsia prostática para el diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata / Utility of HistoscanningTM prior to prostate biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma

Objetivos: HistoScanning™ (HS) es un método de diagnóstico ecográfico del cáncer de próstata. Analizamos la eficacia de la realización de HS previo a las biopsias para el diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata. Material y métodos: Entre agosto y octubre de 2012 hemos realizado estudio con HS previo a las biopsias en 32 pacientes. En todos los casos se realizaron biopsias transrectales por sextantes (2 tomas en cada sextante) de la zona periférica. En aquellos sextantes en los que hubo áreas sospechosas con HS las biopsias se dirigieron a dichas áreas. Se añadieron biopsias transperineales en aquellas áreas situadas en la zona media-anterior o apical prostática. La edad media fue de 63,7 años (rango: 40-82), con un PSA medio de 8,0 ng/ml (rango: 3,5-36,2) y un volumen prostático medio de 46,6 cc (rango: 18,2-103,2). En 8 casos se trataba de primera biopsia, en 14 de biopsias de repetición y 10 pacientes tenían diagnóstico previo de adenocarcinoma de próstata (8 en programa de vigilancia activa y 2 T1a en RTU de próstata previa). Resultados: En los 32 pacientes se biopsiaron una media de 7,5 zonas (rango: 6-9) con un total de 239 zonas estudiadas. Se identificaron una media de 3,2 zonas con áreas sospechosas (ZS) con HS (rango: 2-5), con un total de 103 ZS. Se encontró adenocarcinoma o PIN en 72 zonas de 25 pacientes (2 PIN, 11 score Gleason 6, 7 score Gleason 7, 3 score Gleason 8 y 2 score Gleason 9). Hubo 35 zonas falsos positivos en 20 pacientes (11 parénquima normal y 9 inflamación crónica). Se produjeron falsos negativos en 5 zonas en 5 pacientes (2 PIN, 2 score Gleason 6 y un score Gleason 7), aunque en los 5 casos se descubrió adenocarcinoma en otras zonas. El HS presentó una sensibilidad del 93,5% con una especificidad del 79,5%. El valor predictivo positivo fue del 67,35% con un valor predictivo negativo del 96,5%. Conclusiones: A pesar de tratarse de una serie seleccionada, con alta tasa de pacientes con adenocarcinoma, la exploración con HS ha presentado una gran sensibilidad y un elevado valor predictivo negativo. Estos datos, aunque deben ser confirmados en series menos seleccionadas, indican que la exploración previa con HS puede ayudar tanto al diagnóstico en las biopsias como en el seguimiento en programas de vigilancia activa (AU)

Objectives: HistoScanning™ (HS) is a method of ecographic diagnosis of prostate cancer. We analyze the effectiveness of the HS realization prior to the biopsys for the prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Material and methods: From August to October 2012 we have carried out a study with HS prior to the biopsys in 32 patients. In all cases sextants transrectalbiopsys have been realized (two cores in each sextant) in the periphery zone. In those sextants in which there were suspicious areas with HS, the biopsys were addressed to those areas. Transperinealbiopsys were added to those zones placed in the half-front or apical prostatic zone. The medium age was 63.7 years (range 40-82) with a medium PSA of 8.0ng/ml (range 3.5-36.2) and a medium prostatic volume of 46.6 cc (range 18.2-103.2). In eight cases it was the first biopsy, in 14 cases they were repetition biopsys and 10 patients had a previous diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma (8 in a program of active surveillance and 2 T1a in RTU of previous prostate). Results: In the 32 patients a medium of 7,5 zones were biopsed (range 6-9) with a total of 239 zones studied. There were identified a medium of 3.2 zones with suspictious areas (ZS) with HS (range 2-5) with a total of 103 ZS. In 72 zones of 25 patients it was found adenocarcinoma or PIN (2 PIN, 11 score Gleason 6, 7 score Gleason 7, 3 score Gleason 8 and 2 score Gleason 9). There were 35 positive falses zones in 20 patients (11 normal parenquima and 9 cronic inflammation). Negative falses were produced in 5 zones in 5 patients (2 PIN, 2 score Gleason 6 and 1 score Gleason 7) although in all 5 cases adenocarcinoma was encountered (o discovered) in other zones. The HS presented a sensibility of a 93.5% with a specificity of 79.5%. The positive predictive value was of the 67.35% with a negative predictive value of 96.5%. Conclusions: In spite of being a selected serie, with a high rate of patients with adenocarcinoma, the exploration with HS has presented a great sensibility and a high negative predictive value. These data, although they must be confirmed in less selected series, state that the prior exploration with HS can help as in the diagnostic in the biopsies as in the follow-up of programs of active surveillance (AU)

Obesidad como factor de riesgo para la recidiva litiásica / Obesity as Risk Factor for Lithiasic Recurrence

Objetivos: Los enfermos obesos pueden presentar particularidades en las características de los cálculos urinarios que forman; además el índice de masa corporal (IMC) puede constituir un factor predictivo de recidiva litiásica. Pretendemos evaluar y comparar las características litiásicas según las diferentes categorías de IMC, teniendo también en cuenta la probabilidad de recidiva litiásica en presencia de las covariables edad y sexo .Material y métodos: Análisis transversal retrospectivo sobre 346 enfermos litiásicos: 96 (27,7%) presentaban bajo-normopeso, 151 (43,6%) sobrepeso y 99 (28,6%) obesidad. Se utilizaron los test de la Chi cuadrado y ANOVA. Se realizó análisis de supervivencia para el cálculo de la probabilidad de recidiva litiásica (sí/no) en función del tiempo, sobre 158 enfermos, en los que se consiguió la resolución completa del cálculo inicial empleando el método de Kaplan Meier. Las comparaciones entre las diferentes categorías de IMC se realizaron mediante los test de Log-Rank, Breslow y Tarone-Ware. Se realizó también análisis multivariante mediante modelo de regresión de Cox, introduciendo las covariables edad y sexo. Resultados: Se demostró una tendencia creciente lineal significativa entre multiplicidad e IMC (p=0,03). Las variables tamaño y composición no demostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La mediana de seguimiento de los 158 enfermos incluidos en el análisis de supervivencia fue 1.866 días (IC 95%: 1.602,5-2.129,5). Recidivaron 18 de ellos (11,4%) sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre grupos: 4 bajo-normopeso (9,8%), 10 sobrepeso (14,1%) y 4 obesos (8,7%). El análisis multivariante tampoco demostró una influencia significativa del IMC sobre la recidiva litiásica (p=0,86: HR = 1,06; IC 95%: 0,56-2,03). Conclusión: Se demuestra una influencia significativa del IMC sobre la multiplicidad litiásica al diagnóstico, aunque no sobre la recidiva litiásica en función del tiempo. Parece necesario llevar a cabo estudios con muestras amplias para calcular la verdadera influencia del IMC sobre la recidiva litiásica (AU)

Objectives: Obese patients may have special characteristics in the urinary stones formed, as the body mass index (BMI) may also be a predictive factor in lithiasic recurrence. We aim to evaluate and compare the lithiasic characteristics according to the different BMI categories, also considering the likelihood of lithiasic recurrence in presence of age and gender covariables. Material and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis on 346 lithiasic patients, 96 (27.7%) had low-normal weight, 151 (43.6%) overweight, and 99 (28.6%) obesity. The Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used. Survival analysis for the calculation of likelihood of lithiasic recurrence (yes/no) was made based on time on 158 patients in whom complete resolution of the initial stone was achieved by the Kaplan Meier method. Comparisons between the different categories of BMI were made using the log-Rank, Breslow and Tarone-Ware tests. Multivariate analysis was also made with the Cox regression model, introducing the covariables of age and gender. Results: A significant growing linear tendency has been demonstrated between multiplicity and BMI (p=0.03). The variables size and composition did not show significant differences between the groups. Median follow-up of 158 patients included in the survival analysis was 1866 days (95% CI 1602.5-2129.5). Eighteen (11.4%) of them recurred, without finding significant differences between groups: 4 low-normal weight (9.8%), 10 overweight (14.1%) and 4 obese (8.7%). The multivariate analysis also did not show a significant influence of the BMI on lithiasic recurrence (p=0.86; HR =1.06; 95% CI: 0.56-2.03). Conclusion: A significant influence of BMI was shown on lithiasic multiplicity on diagnosis, although not on lithiasic recurrence based on time. It seems to be necessary to carry out studies in larger samples to calculate the true influence of BMI on lithiasic recurrence (AU)