RESUMEN
People prefer to use medicinal plants rather than chemical compounds because they are low cost and have fewer adverse events. Zingiber officinale Roscoe is a natural dietary rhizome with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Tribulus terrestris L. has been used for the treatment of impotence, to enhance sexual drive and performance and for its diuretic and uricosuric effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of 2 extracts, Tribulus terristris and Zingiber officinale (TZ) for antioxidant, enzyme modulation, liver function, kidney function, blood profile and anti-hypertensive effects, which may pave the way for possible therapeutic applications. Antioxidant potential was measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical method antioxidant assay (DPPH) and kojic acid was used as the standard drug for tyrosine inhibition assay. The effect of TZ on biochemical parameters of the liver (alanine transferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], total serum protein, total serum albumin, serum bilirubin), kidney (blood urea and creatinine) and hematology (hemoglobin, red blood cells [RBC], platelets, thin-layer chromatography, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) of Wister rats were studied by administering 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg-1 body weight TZ dose orally for 28 days. Antihypertensive effects were measured by the invasive method. The results showed that the scavenging percentage of TZ was 78.5 to 80.4, with an IC50 value of 1166.7 µg/ ml and tyrosinase inhibition was 72% compared with 93% for kojic acid. Different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) did not show an increase in serum biomarkers of liver and renal parameters. A significant increase in hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes with no significant increase/decrease in platelet count was observed but blood pressure was significantly decreased. Therefore, we concluded that TZ is safe and can be used in the treatment of hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Tribulus , Zingiber officinale , Masculino , Ratas , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Zingiber officinale/química , Zingiber officinale/metabolismo , Metanol/metabolismo , Metanol/farmacología , Tribulus/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Hígado , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Prevalence of parasitic skin diseases, cutaneous leishmaniasis is very frequent in Pakistan, especially in Baluchistan where occurrence of phelbotomine sand flies (vector of protozoan parasite of genus Leishmania) is very common. This study was conducted to assess the antileishmaniasis activity of Intericutol plus ointment (2% and 3%) made with ethanolic extract of bark and leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. The antileishmaniasis effect was observed by applying the ointments on the lesions of leishmaniasis patients. 150 patients were included in the study that had single and multiple painful wet and dry ulcerative lesions on the exposed area of the body. The patients were divided into two groups of 75 patients each, applying 2% and 3% ointment respectively for 28 days. Dose of 10gm/week was applied topically on wounds. Excellent antileishmaniasis effect was observed with significant quick healing properties in the patients receiving 3% Intericutol plus ointment as compare to 2% showing 89% and 81% cure (p=0.02) respectively. It can be concluded that ointment made from medicinal plant proved to be very effective in treating cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
Asunto(s)
Leishmaniasis Cutánea , Pomadas , Preparaciones de Plantas , Humanos , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Pomadas/uso terapéutico , Corteza de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ulmaceae/química , Cicatrización de Heridas , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Since ancient times humans have relied on traditional medicine and herbal formulation for the cure of various diseases and disorders. Globally, interest in use of herbal medicine has increased; as drawbacks of modern medicine and have started getting more prominent. Most of the traditional system of medicine; all in their formulations depends on plants. Traditional herbal cough products have considered to be mild, nontoxic, non-sedative and even harmless. As Syrup is commonly taken for the relief of cough; we aimed to formulate a cough syrup (Graphirine) from some common indigenous herbs; Adhatoda vasica, Piper longum and Rosa Damasena and evaluate its physicochemical parameters along with the changes in accelerated stability testing. Preformulation studies, i.e. moisture content, ash, water and ethanol extractive values of all three herbs were defined. Physicochemical factors, quantitative spectral measurement, FTIR spectrum for identification of compounds; along with accelerated stability and possible microbial fungal growth; were also checked for the formulated syrup. Each and every parameter complied with the specifications.
Asunto(s)
Antitusígenos/síntesis química , Género Justicia , Piper , Extractos Vegetales/síntesis química , Rosa , Antitusígenos/aislamiento & purificación , Composición de Medicamentos , Evaluación de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Pakistán , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas MedicinalesRESUMEN
Natural oils are enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which are important for our health. Recent experimental data explained that PUFAs might have a beneficial effect on various brain functions such as anxiety, dementia, epileptic seizures, depression or bipolar and other neurobehavioral diseases. The objective of the current research work was to evaluate the effect of sesame oil, fish oil and mixture of both oils (1:1) on neurobehavioral changes and cognition. For this purpose shark fish oil and sesame oil were extracted out and there poly unsaturated and saturated fatty acids were analyzed by using GCFID that exposed the presence of different PUFs in shark fish oil, sesame oil and mixture of both oils. Neurobehavioral changes were seen after 5ml/kg/day sesame oil, 5ml/kg/day shark fish oil and 1:1 combination of both oil 5ml/kg/day administration on open field, cage crossing, light and dark, stationary rod, forced swimming induced depression test and water maze test. Our GCFID results showed sesame and fish oil enriched with higher amount of PUFs and showed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant like effect after 30 days of treatment (P<0.05) however combination of these both oils exhibited greater efficacy (P<0.01) in reducing anxiety and depression as imipramine standard drug. Results showed that combination of both oils (sesame oil and fish oil) could be a better option to treat neurobehavioral problems as compared to alone.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Locomoción/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Aceite de Sésamo/farmacología , Natación/psicología , Animales , Aceites de Pescado/aislamiento & purificación , Locomoción/fisiología , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/fisiología , Ratones , Aceite de Sésamo/aislamiento & purificación , TiburonesRESUMEN
The study is conducted to observe and investigate the effects of oral dosing of methanolic extracts of Cuminum nigrum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) on neuropharmacological activities of mice. Methanolic extracts of Cuminum nigrum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) were soluble in Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) i.e. an organic solvent, so it is used in this study. Screening for anxiolytic and antidepressant effects were performed using open field test, head dip test, stationary rod test, cage crossing test, light and dark box and swimming- induced depression test. Thirty animals were divided into three groups of 10 animals each and numbered as 1 (control, on DMSO), 2(on methanolic extract of Cuminum nigrum (L), 3 (on methanolic extract of Centratherum anthelminticum (L). The extracts and DMSO were administered orally for 60 days. Any possible change in animal behavior was evaluated on day 15, 30 and 60 of dosing. The groups 2 and 3 showed significant increase (p<0.001, p<0.01) in open field activity and light and dark box test respectively, while significantly decreased activity was observed in head dip and cage crossing activity (p<0.01) after 60 days of dosing. Based on above findings, it is suggested that the extracts of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) and Cuminum nigrum (L) have antidepressant and anxiolytic potential with sedative effects.
Asunto(s)
Asteraceae , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Cuminum , Metanol/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Solventes/química , Animales , Ansiolíticos/aislamiento & purificación , Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/aislamiento & purificación , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Fármacos del Sistema Nervioso Central/aislamiento & purificación , Cuminum/química , Conducta Exploratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/aislamiento & purificación , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/farmacología , Aprendizaje/efectos de los fármacos , Locomoción/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , SemillasRESUMEN
Histopathological studies are an essential element to ascertain comprehensive safety profile of a drug. Unfortunately limited data are available about the toxicity of herbal remedies. Since a popular medicinal plant Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb) Planch. contains various bioactive molecules, the present study is aimed to assess the histopathological alterations induced by aqueous extract of Holoptelea integrifolia on liver and kidney of wistar albino rat. In this study 60 rats divided in two groups; control and treated with aqueous extract of Holoptelea integrifolia (250mg/kg body weight) for 5 days. Histopathlogical studies by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were done on the liver and kidney tissues at the end of dosing by using standard procedure. Microscopic examination was then carried out to observe any pathological changes in the animals. The result showed that there is no significant variation in the basic architecture of liver and kidney as compared to control male wistar albino rats. In conclusion, aqueous extract of leaves of H. integrifolia may be safe and nontoxic. Further work on pharmacological aspects is required to evaluate the clinical potential of this plant for different ailments.
Asunto(s)
Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ulmaceae/química , Animales , Riñón/patología , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Ratas Wistar , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) is one of the important plant species having extensive commercial and medicinal uses. The current study aims to assess the chemical constituents in pod oil of Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) by using two spectroscopic techniques i.e. GC-FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). In GC-FID technique, nine fatty acids were identified with their respective composition, capric acid (1) (1.496%) lauric acid (2) (5.695%), myristic acid (3) (4.925%), palmitic acid (4) (10.130%), palmitoleic acid (5) (2.166%), stearic acid (6) (2.862%), oleic acid (7) (10.232%), linoleic acid (8) (22.350%) and behenic acid (9) (9.283%). In second technique, i.e. GC-MS, a series of hydrocarbons (10-37) along with two triterpenoids (38-39) were found in pod oil of the plant used. Important structure indices such as Iodine value and Saponification values were also determined. These findings can be helpful to understand the important medicinal and commercial aspects of seeds oil of the plant, like fuel value, degree of unsaturation and oxidative stability. Antioxidant testing (DPPH-Radical Scavenging Assay) was also performed on pods oil but no any significant activity was found.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Dalbergia/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Semillas/químicaRESUMEN
In the present study crude ethanolic extract and its various fractions (ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous) of medicinal plant Carum carvi L. were examined for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition using an-in vitro model. Both digestive enzymes were extracted from bovine and green gram. The crude extract and its fractions were also studied for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and Nitric oxide activity. The quantitative assessment of phenol and flavonoid contents was also estimated. The crude extract and its fractions exhibited high in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase at different concentrations with IC50 ranging from 421.4±7.8 to 810±5.71and 72±8.81 to 307.0±11.42µg/mL of each extract respectively. The plant showed highest total phenolic contents ranging from 29.5±0.49 to 112.5±0.36mg/g Gallic acid of extract, while the total flavonoid contents were estimated from3.08±0.02-85.4± 0.12mg/g Quercetin. The antioxidant activities of the all extracts, measured in terms of IC50 values were in the range of 53.05±1.98 to 211.5±31.06µg/mL. Nitric oxide scavenging ability exhibited their IC50 values from 26.3±5.51 to 121.3±5.32µg/mL. Ethanolic crude extract showed excellent result among all these fractions. GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract of Carum carvi L indicated the presence of several phytochemicals such as monoterpenes, unsaturated fatty acids, furan derivatives, phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Carum/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Semillas/química , alfa-Glucosidasas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The anti inflammatory activity of methnolic root extract of Cissus quadrangularis L. (CQ) and seed extract of Lepedium sativum L. (LS) were studied in rats also in conjunction with using a mixture (CL) of CQ and LS. The estimation of anti-inflammatory activity was conducted by measuring volumetrically with the help of plethysmometer, the mean increase in hind paw volume of rat. Standard drug like diclofenac sodium within the dose of a 100 mg/kg is used. The doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of both plant extracts individually as well as combination were given. 0.9% NaCI (saline) solution given to control group. All the doses administered orally. Results showed that at dose of 50mg/kg showed potent activity by LS(4.06±0.03) and CQ(4.16±0.03), as CL (3.96±0.03) showed moderate activity while dose 100 and 200 mg / kg showed moderate activity by LS from respective standard i.e. Diclofenac Sodium.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Cissus , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Lepidium sativum , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Edema/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Tallos de la Planta , Ratas , SemillasRESUMEN
Eye is the most beautiful, important and sensitive organ of human body. It is not only linked with visionary complex optical system also has the ability to differentiate among the millions of colors. The apparent human personality is also associated with it. Asmad/Antimony Sulfide/Kohl/Surma powder is one of the eye preparation has been used since ancient time. There are several aesthetic and ophthalmic preparations available for human eye and they have closed association between the aesthetic and medicinal significance such as cleansing, soothing, strengthening and anti-infectious actions along with beautifying purpose of eye. The main objective of present research is to provide scientific findings regarding beneficial and toxic effects of Asmad products available in market for the frequent users. The chemical and toxicological investigations on ten selected famous brands of Pakistan samples (PHS1, PHS2, PLS, PMS and PSS) and Saudi Arabia samples (SBS, SAS, SHS, SMS and STS) were carried out through advanced and sophisticated technique Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) linked with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) which is used to determine the presence different percentages of organic and inorganic elements in all the brands of Pakistani and Saudi Arabian samples. The safety and toxicity depends on the Na, Mg, Ca, K, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Bi, Si, O, C, S and Pb percentages respectively of the Asmad products.
Asunto(s)
Antimonio/análisis , Antimonio/química , Soluciones Oftálmicas/análisis , Soluciones Oftálmicas/química , Pruebas de Toxicidad/métodos , Antimonio/toxicidad , Humanos , Soluciones Oftálmicas/toxicidad , Pakistán , Tamaño de la Partícula , Arabia SauditaRESUMEN
Casuarina equisetifolia L. is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases particularly ulcers, diabetes, cough, diarrhea and many infectious and skin diseases. The aim of this research study was to examine the killing mechanism and killing kinetics assay of methanolic bark extract of C. equisetifolia against some highly resistant human pathogens. The comparison on antibacterial activity of extract was firstly done with six different well reputed antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The broth dilution method was used to measure the MIC and MBC values. The mechanism of killing was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Results showed that higher inhibitory zones were produced by methanolic plant extract than that of some tested antibiotics. The lower MIC and MBC values indicated the antibacterial potency of plant extract. The extract of C. equisetifolia produced a more drop in optical density of S. aureus, MRSA B. subtilis and S. epidermidis up to 12 hrs. The complete destruction of the cell membrane of MRSA was observed after 12 h treatment with plant extract. It is concluded that crude bark extract of C. equisetifolia is potent antimicrobial agent and produced both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Its killing time was extremely faster especially against MRSA. The cell membrane rapturing is a suggested killing mechanism of plant extract.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Fagales , Metanol/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus subtilis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The current study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effects of crude extract and fractions of leaves of Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae). Fresh leaves were collected, dried under shade and then powdered. Moreover, powder was usedto extract with Ethanol and concentrated under reduced pressure, followed by partitioning with organic solvents i.e. Hexane, Ethylacetate, Butanol and Aqueous. These fractions were analyzed for analgesic effect at dose of 50, 100, 200; mg/kg body weight by acetic acid induced writhing, tail flick and hot plate analgesic models. No acute oral toxicity was observed and extracts considered being saved at a dose of 50-3000 mg/kg body weight. Orally administered extract of A. digitata showed analgesic activity described by decrease in writhes counts which was contrast to control. Significant (P<0.05-0.001) increased in latency period in hot plate analgesic test when compared Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) which is used as a standard drug. Furthermore, in tail flick test a dose of (50, 100, 200mg/kg body weight) of extracts exhibited significant (P<0.05-0.001) analgesia which is dose dependent when compared to control group. These findings of analgesic testing have revealed that leaves extract of this nutritional plants possess remarkable antinociceptive effect.
Asunto(s)
Adansonia/química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Etanol/química , Dolor/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Solventes/química , Ácido Acético , Adansonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adansonia/toxicidad , Analgésicos/aislamiento & purificación , Analgésicos/toxicidad , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Calor , Masculino , Ratones , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/fisiopatología , Dolor/psicología , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Pakistán , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta/química , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The objective of the study was to investigate the nephroprotective activity of methanolic extract of different morphological parts (bract, flower, trachea and tracheal fluid) of Musa paradisiaca L. (Family: Musaceae) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Gentamicin produced significant changes in biochemical (increased levels of blood urea nitrogen level, blood urea, and serum creatinine), and histological parameters in mice. Treatment with methanolic extract of bract (100 and 250mg/kg, b.w) and flowering stalk (trachea) (250 and 500mg/kg, b.w) significantly prevented biochemical and histological changes produced by gentamicin toxicity. The extracts of M. paradisiaca (bract and flowering stalk) could contribute a lead to discovery of a new drug for the treatment of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Gentamicinas/toxicidad , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Musa/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
The present investigation was undertaken to establish standardization profile of Taxus baccata L. with the help of pharmacognostic parameters, which is not done before. T. baccata(Taxaceae), is native to Europe, is an evergreen needle-leaved tree, growing up to 28 m high. A large number of phytochemicals like taxoids viz. taxusin, baccatin, baccatin, lignans, flavanoids, steroids, paclitaxel and sugar derivatives have been isolated from it. For the treatment of different types of cancer like ovarian and breast cancers, Kaposi's sarcoma and lung cancers Paclitaxel (taxol) has been approved. Paclitaxel is also under clinical trial for remedy of number of other cancers in combination with other chemotherapeutic medications. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical screening of T. baccata will be useful to authenticate and avoid adulteration in the raw material. The diagnostic microscopic characters, physiochemical data and FTIR will be useful in the development of monograph.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Taxus/química , Microscopía , Farmacognosia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/citología , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Taxus/citologíaRESUMEN
Nowadays anxiety and depression are most commonly encountered diseases. They are not only difficult to diagnose but even difficult to treat since both are sometimes seen together or one predisposes the other. Apart from this side effect profile of these drugs is also high; hence there is immense scope for the herbal drugs to treat these disorders. Present study was therefore performed to evaluate the antianxiety and antidepressant effect of Carthamus tinctorius petal extract. 28 white albino rats bred in the animal house of Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi weighing 180-220gm were randomly divided into four groups (n=7/group) to assess behavioral effects. The anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of Carthamus tinctorius petal extract were evaluated using elevated plus maize and forced swim test respectively at100 and 200mg/kg. These effects were compared with standard drugs Diazepam (anxiolytic) 2mg/kg and Nortriptyline (antidepressant) 12.5mg/kg. Results show that CT produced highly significant anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects at both doses as compared to control, similar to standard anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs diazepam and nortriptyline. It increased the latency of first entry to closed arms and the time spent in open arms very significantly at both doses while entries to open arm were increased significantly at 100mg/kg and very significantly at 200mg/kg in EPM test and increased the immobility time very significantly in FST. Hence it can be concluded that CT may be used as an alternative therapeutic agent while treating patients with anxiety and depressive disorders.
Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Carthamus tinctorius , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Flores , Ratas , Estrés Psicológico , NataciónRESUMEN
This study depicts a profile of existence of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn, Fe, Na, Ca, and Mg) in some important herbal plants like (H. Integrifolia, D. regia, R. communis, C. equisetifolia, N. oleander, T. populnea, M. elengi, H. schizopetalus, P. pterocarpum) from Pakistan and an antidiabetic Malaysian herbal drug product containing (Punica granatum L. (Mast) Hook, Momordica charantia L., Tamarindus indica L., Lawsonia inermis L.) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metals in these herbal plants and Malaysian product were in the range of 0.02-0.10 ppm of Cu, 0.00-0.02 ppm of Ni, 0.02-0.29 ppm of Zn, 0.00-0.04 ppm of Cd, 0.00-1.33 ppm of Hg, 0.00-0.54 ppm of Mn, 0.22-3.16 ppm of Fe, 0.00-9.17 ppm of Na, 3.27-15.63 ppm of Ca and 1.85-2.03 ppm of Mg. All the metals under study were within the prescribed limits except mercury. Out of 10 medicinal plants/product under study 07 were beyond the limit of mercury permissible limits. Purpose of this study is to determine heavy metals contents in selected herbal plants and Malaysian product, also to highlight the health concerns related to the presence of toxic levels of heavy metals.
Asunto(s)
Metales Pesados/análisis , Plantas Medicinales/química , Espectrofotometría Atómica/métodos , Malasia , PakistánRESUMEN
The bioactive benzimidazole and corresponding substituted phenacyl halides has been synthesized (11) new derivatives out of three compounds 8, 10 and 11 were found to inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum moderately after 72 hours of incubation hence acting as antimalarial agents. While these derivatives were exhibited negligible insecticidal activity too when analyzed by impregnated filter paper method.
Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/síntesis química , Antimaláricos/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Insecticidas/síntesis química , Insecticidas/farmacología , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Estructura Molecular , Plasmodium falciparum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Traditionally, Operculina turpethum has been used in a wide range of ailments such as, gastrointestinal disturbances and asthma. It is found in China, South Asia, Pacific Islands, and Australia. This study was aimed to provide a possible pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of O. turpethum in gut and airways disorders. METHODS: Castor oil-induced diarrhoeal mice model and isolated tissue preparations such as, rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig tracheal preparations were used to test the antidiarrhoeal, antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects and the possible mode of action(s) of the 70% aqueous-ethanolic extract of O. turpethum black variety (OTB). RESULTS: In the castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice, the crude extract of OTB caused a dose-dependent (300-1000 mg/kg) protection from diarrhoea, similar to that of loperamide. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, OTB produced a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous and high K+(80 mM)-induced contractions with resultant median effective concentrations (EC50 with 95% confidence interval) of 1.04 mg/ml (0.59-1.54) and 0.12 mg/ml (0.10-0.15; n = 4) respectively, thus showing more potency against K+. Pretreatment of the tissue with OTB (0.01 and 0.03 mg/ml) caused a rightward shift in the concentration response curves of Ca++, similar to that of verapamil. In isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations, OTB caused inhibition of carbachol and high K+-induced constriction at similar concentrations with respective EC50 value of 0.66 mg/ml (0.53-0.82) and 0.59 mg/ml (0.45-0.62). Activity-directed fractionation revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than the parent crude extract and hexane fraction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the crude extract of O. turpethum possesses antidiarrhoeal, antispasmodic and bronchodilator activities, mediated possibly through the presence of Ca++ antagonist like constituent(s), though additional mechanism(s) cannot be ruled out. Thus, this study provides the evidence for the medicinal use of plant in diarrhoea and asthma.
Asunto(s)
Antidiarreicos/farmacología , Asma , Broncodilatadores/farmacología , Convolvulaceae , Diarrea , Parasimpatolíticos/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Animales , Antidiarreicos/uso terapéutico , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/metabolismo , Calcio/metabolismo , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/farmacología , Carbacol/farmacología , Aceite de Ricino , Diarrea/inducido químicamente , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Cobayas , Yeyuno/efectos de los fármacos , Loperamida/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Potasio/metabolismo , Conejos , Tráquea/efectos de los fármacos , Verapamilo/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Prevalence and concentration of some toxic (Pb, Cd, and As) and essential metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Co) were determined in the blood samples collected from asthmatic patients in Karachi, Pakistan using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All selected patients were habitual of taking crude drugs and home remedy as self medication to treat and prevent asthma. We detected large proportion of the patients with detectable levels of heavy metals. The percentage prevalence of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co, were found 100% while that of As and Cd were 55% and 60% respectively. Atomic absorption spectroscopic data showed the presence of metals in the analyzed samples in the range of 0.00-37.08 µg/dl for As, 8.1-41.4µg/dl for Pb, 0.0-9.6µg/l for Cd, 2.0-55.6µg/l for Cr, 20.0-85.9µg/l for Ni, and 0.15-3.6 µg/l for Co. The study will be helpful in creating awareness regarding the use of quality herbal medicines in asthma. It is suggested that along with avoidance of other risk factors, reliance on the use of quality traditional medicines free from heavy metal contamination is very essential especially incase of bronco asthmatic conditions.
Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Contaminación de Medicamentos , Metales Pesados/sangre , Fitoterapia , Asma/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Plantas Medicinales , Espectrofotometría AtómicaRESUMEN
Momordica charantia (L.) commonly referred as bitter gourd, karela and balsam pear. Its fruit is used for the treatment of diabetes and related conditions amongst the indigenous populations of Asia, South America, India and East Africa. The study was conducted to find out the biochemical aspects of crude extract of whole fruit of M. charantia including seeds which includes blood test (Hemoglobin, RBC, Total leukocyte count, platelets count, HbA1C (Glycocylated heamoglobin Type A1C)), Lipid profile test and electrolyte balance. Hemoglobin (7.1±0.14), platelets count (827 ×109±1.95), Cholesterol level (111±2), HDL (high density lipoproteins) (20±1.22) at 10mg shows marked increase in values as compared to control. While 25 mg dose shows insignificant result. Electrolyte balance are found significant at 10mg and 25mg except bicarbonates (Na(+¬)=143±1.87, K-=3.45±0.35, Cl(-) =108±1.48). Another important property of M. charantia is the elevation of platelet counts, heamoglobin and specifically high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It also controls cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL at low dosage (10mg). Further studies can be conducted to find out which phytochemical components acts on specific biochemical activity.