Adsorption of multimeric T cell antigens on carbon nanotubes: effect on protein structure and antigen-specific T cell stimulation.

Antigen-specific activation of cytotoxic T cells can be enhanced up to three-fold more than soluble controls when using functionalized bundled carbon nanotube substrates ((b) CNTs). To overcome the denaturing effects of direct adsorption on (b) CNTs, a simple but robust method is demonstrated to stabilize the T cell stimulus on carbon nanotube substrates through non-covalent attachment of the linker neutravidin.

The limits to demand for health care

It is difficult to justify the conventionally unfavorable forecasts of the relation between demand and supply in terms of overall epidemiological trends, as these are broadly favorable. Among the main disease groups that underlie demand, the rates of coronary heart disease and stroke have been declining since the 1970s. Trends in cancer differ between younger and older people. (Au)