The MADS-box gene XAANTAL1 participates in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root growth and columella stem cell patterns in response to ROS, via direct regulation of PEROXIDASE 28 and RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED.

The balance between cell growth, proliferation and differentiation emerges from gene regulatory networks coupled to various signal transduction pathways, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcription factors (TFs), enabling developmental responses to environmental cues. The Arabidopsis thaliana's primary root has become a valuable system for unraveling such networks. Recently, the role of TFs that mediate the ROS's inhibition of primary root growth has begun to be characterized. This study demonstrates that the MADS-box transcription factor XAANTAL1 (XAL1) is an essential regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in primary root growth and root stem cell niche identity. Interestingly, our findings suggest that XAL1 acts as a positive regulator of H2O2 concentration in the root meristem by directly regulating genes involved in oxidative stress response, such as PEROXIDASE 28 (PER28). Moreover, we found that XAL1 is necessary for the H2O2-induced inhibition of primary root growth through the negative regulation of peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, XAL1, in conjunction with RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR), is essential for positively regulating the differentiation of columella stem cells and for participating in primary root growth inhibition in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment.

Evaluation of gold adsorption on activated carbon from real cyanide and thiourea leachate solutions.

The recovery of gold by adsorption using activated carbon from sodium cyanide and thiourea leached solutions are reported in this study. The leached solutions were obtained under real operating conditions from the beneficiation plant "Paz Borja", Machala-Ecuador. Calgon Carbon DG-11 6X12 type, widely used in the local metallurgical industry was used as adsorbent material. The operational parameters varied during the adsorption process experiments included the concentration of leaching agent, agitation speed, dose of activated carbon and initial concentration of gold. The control parameters included density, percentage of solid, pH, temperature, and solution potential. The obtained results were adjusted to mass transfer model by diffusion through the interface and the Freundlich model for the equilibrium isotherms. The analysis of the results indicates a higher adsorption rate of the gold di-cyanide complex on activated carbon compared to gold-thiourea complexes.

Evaluation of the appropriateness of nursing case studies using the CARE checklist.

Case report is a narrative description of the problem of one or several patients. The CARE checklist (CAse REport) is the consensus document for reporting clinical case reports and through adaptations to the different CARE disciplines is used to define standards for authors in scientific journals; however, the specificity of the nursing process makes it difficult to adjust nursing case reports to CARE. The aim was to analyze the publications of clinical cases with a nursing perspective in scientific journals, as well as the quality standards and evaluation systems used. Few journals reviewed agreed to publish nursing case reports or stated standards for authors to adjust to CARE. Preliminary results indicated average or poor adherence to CARE, with the most reported elements being: Keywords, patient information and introduction. Adherence was lower for the elements: Timeline, therapeutic intervention, follow-up and outcomes, and patient perspective. The characteristics of the nursing process implies a low adherence to CARE, so it is necessary to unify criteria to guide researchers, authors, reviewers and editors of scientific journals, as well as to improve the rigor and quality of the reports. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for reporting clinical case reports with a nursing perspective available. These normative gaps could be solved by developing a CARE extension adapted to the methodological characteristics of the nursing process.

Return to Physical Activity in Individuals with Surgical Stomas: A Scoping Review.

In surgically treated individuals with surgical stomas, the return to physical activity is an indicator of quality of life that reflects their well-being. With the aim of synthesizing the available evidence regarding the return to physical activity in individuals with surgical stomas, a scoping review was developed following the methodological approach of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews criteria. Searches were conducted in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl, and Lilacs, as well as the meta-search engines TripDatabase and Epistemonikos, using MeSH terms. Included studies were written in Spanish, English, Portuguese, and German, without any limitation on the year of publication. A total of n = 15 studies was included (n = 2 qualitative; n = 2 case reports; n = 1 case series; n = 1 cohort; n = 8 cross-sectional; and n = 1 randomized clinical trial), which showed variability in the quality of the designs. The qualitative studies explored themes such as motivation, beliefs about physical activity, and other lifestyle factors. The case reports described physiological, psychological, and functional implications of returning to physical activity for specific individuals after ostomy surgery. Quantitative studies evaluated the effects of different types of physical activity on quality of life and tolerance to physical activity in these individuals, employing various measurement instruments. In conclusion, the evidence on returning to sports and physical activity after stoma surgery is limited and varied. While studies highlight the importance of social support and self-confidence, they generally lack rigor and primarily focus on adults and oncology patients. There is a need for more research to establish clear guidelines on physical activity type, frequency, and intensity to ensure safe and beneficial outcomes for individuals with stomas.

Nursing Interventions in Primary Care for the Management of Maladaptive Grief: A Scoping Review.

Grief is a natural and self-limited adaptation process to a new reality that emerges after a significant loss (whether real or perceived), with a broad variety of manifestations that exert an impact on a grieving person's health. The study aim was to synthesize the evidence available about the interventions carried out by Primary Health Care nurses, by means of an individual approach to reduce maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk. A scoping review was conducted (November and December 2023) through searches in Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus using MeSH terms combined with Booleans. Primary research of any design in adult people undergoing grief situations and receiving professional assistance by nurses in the primary, home and community care contexts published after 2009 in English, Spanish or Portuguese languages were included. Excluded publications were those conducted in in-hospital clinical settings and which did not correspond to research designs or the gray literature. The screening process was carried out by two reviewers using the appropriate JBI critical appraisal tools for each design and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. A total of n = 10 studies were included (n = 4 qualitative, n = 2 RCTs, n = 1 quasi-experimental, n = 2 cross-sectional observational, and n = 2 mixed methods). The qualitative studies identified topics and subtopics of professionals' and families' experiences of grief. The observational studies analyzed symptoms and factors associated with the grieving process. Interventions consisted of cognitive-behavioral therapies delivered by psychological specialists who assessed the severity of grief in a range of cultural contexts using different instruments. The evidence retrieved from the studies that address the reduction in maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk is not conclusive. There is a need to increase both the number and the methodological quality of studies assessing the effectiveness of Nursing care in Primary Health Care for individuals experiencing maladaptive grief or maladaptive grief risk. Further research should focus on experimental studies, developing specific interventions conducted by nurses to address individual's grief and prevent maladaptive grief.

Effectiveness of "Escape Room" Educational Technology in Nurses' Education: A Systematic Review.

Escape room games are educational gamification technologies that consist of introducing a team of players into a physical or digital space in search of clues to answer puzzles, riddles or enigmas and solve a mystery or problem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of escape room games on the training of nursing students in an international context. A systematic review was carried out in MEDLINE, WOS, SCOPUS, CINAHL and LILACS databases using the MeSH terms "Education, Nursing" and "Educational Technology", and the free term "Escape room", combined with Boolean operators AND/OR. Intervention studies in Spanish, English and Portuguese were included, without limitation for the year of publication. Selection and critical appraisal were conducted by two independent reviewers. A total of n = 13 interventional studies were included (n = 2 Randomized Clinical Trials and n = 11 quasi-experimental design). Escape rooms are a recent and growing educational methodology, increasingly used in academia and in the training of nurses and nursing students. However, it is necessary to expand their use and the quality of the studies in a greater number of contexts. Furthermore, it is necessary to homogenize and standardize validated instruments to evaluate the effectiveness of escape rooms in the nursing education area.

Construct validity and reliability of the BARRIERS scale in the Spanish context.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the construct validity of the Spanish version of the BARRIERS scale. METHOD: Methodological study of validation of a measurement instrument based on data from previously published studies. The study population consisted of nurses from the Basque Health Service and the Canary Health Service. The following variables were extracted and unified: Years of professional experience, possession of a specialist nursing degree, possession of a doctorate, type of activity performed by the professional and field of work. For construct validation, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed based on the initial model proposed for the scale and RASCH analysis. A polychoric correlation matrix, factor extraction by unweighted least squares and PROMIN oblique rotation were used. For the RASCH analysis, the Joint Maximun Likelihood estimation (JMLE) method was used; the fit of the items and persons were estimated by means of outfit - Unweighted Mean Square fit statistic (UMS) and infit -Weighted Mean Square Fit Statistic (WMS), as well as the reliability and separation of items and persons. RESULTS: A total of 1200 nurses and midwives made up the final validation sample (n = 1200), with a mean professional experience of 21.22 ± 9.26 years. The CFA presented a good fit to the data (KMO = 0.935 [95% CI: 0.921-0.945]), changing the factorial assignment in 6 items, while 5 items received factorial scores in more than one factor. The fit values for the 4-factor solution were RMSEA = 0.026 [95% CI: 0.026-0.027] and GFI = 0.991 [95% CI: 0.986-0.991]. In the RASCH analysis most items presented infit-WMS and outfit-UMS values with a good fit. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the BARRIERS scale has adequate construct validity although there are changes in the assignment of items to the dimensions compared to the original model. The RASCH analysis indicates adequate fit for both persons and items.

The MADS-box genes SOC1 and AGL24 antagonize XAL2 functions in Arabidopsis thaliana root development.

MADS-domain transcription factors play pivotal roles in numerous developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. While their involvement in flowering transition and floral development has been extensively examined, their functions in root development remain relatively unexplored. Here, we explored the function and genetic interaction of three MADS-box genes (XAL2, SOC1 and AGL24) in primary root development. By analyzing loss-of-function and overexpression lines, we found that SOC1 and AGL24, both critical components in flowering transition, redundantly act as repressors of primary root growth as the loss of function of either SOC1 or AGL24 partially recovers the primary root growth, meristem cell number, cell production rate, and the length of fully elongated cells of the short-root mutant xal2-2. Furthermore, we observed that the simultaneous overexpression of AGL24 and SOC1 leads to short-root phenotypes, affecting meristem cell number and fully elongated cell size, whereas SOC1 overexpression is sufficient to affect columella stem cell differentiation. Additionally, qPCR analyses revealed that these genes exhibit distinct modes of transcriptional regulation in roots compared to what has been previously reported for aerial tissues. We identified 100 differentially expressed genes in xal2-2 roots by RNA-seq. Moreover, our findings revealed that the expression of certain genes involved in cell differentiation, as well as stress responses, which are either upregulated or downregulated in the xal2-2 mutant, reverted to WT levels in the absence of SOC1 or AGL24.

[Results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking]. / Resultados de un programa multidisciplinario para el control del hábito tabáquico.

BACKGROUND: Therapies to quit smoking are based on counseling, psychological therapy (PT), nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or varenidine. AIM: To report the results of a multidisciplinary program to quit smoking. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients aged l8 years or more, motivated to quit smoking were admitted in a program based in counseling and PT, with or without pharmacological therapy. They were assessed by telephone during one year of follow up. Patients with unstable psychiatric diseases were excluded. Results were considered as "successful" when patients maintained abstinence during the year of follow up. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with treatment success. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2011, 198 patients aged 45 ± 11 years (56% males), who smoked 31.5 ± 20.6 packages/year, were treated. Of these, 155 (78%) were treated with varenidine, 26 (13%) with bupropion and 17 (9%>) did not receive pharmacological therapy. One hundred sixty eight patients completed the year of follow up. In 82 (49%>), treatment was successful and was negatively associated with a history of depression (odds ratio = 4 (95% confidence intervals 1.23-38.33). The main side effeets associated to varenidine and bupropion were nausea in 37 and 23%o, sleep disorders in 20 and 19%o and headache in 12 and 0%>, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary program to quit smoking achieved a 49%> of abstinence during a year of follow up.

Home care needs of paediatric palliative patients perceived by professionals: A grounded theory.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the elements involved in the process of paediatric palliative home care in the Spanish context according to the opinion of professionals. METHOD: Qualitative study based on Grounded Theory, adjusted to COREQ standards, using theoretical sampling with in-depth interviews (June 2021-February 2022) with paediatricians, paediatric nurses and social workers from paediatric palliative care units in Spain, excluding professionals with less than 1 years' experience. Interviews were recorded and transcribed literally for coding and categorisation through a constant comparative process of code co-occurrence until data saturation using Atlas-Ti®. The anonymity of the informants has been guaranteed by using pseudonyms after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (Las Palmas, Canary Islands) with registration number 2021-403-1. RESULTS: 18 interviews were conducted and 990 quotes were grouped into 22 categories of analysis and structured into four thematic groups (care, environment, patient and family, and professionals). The findings showed a holistic view emphasising the need to organise and integrate the factors involved in the home-based approach to paediatric palliative home care. CONCLUSIONS: In our context, the home environment meets appropriate conditions for the development of paediatric palliative care. The categories of analysis identified establish a starting point for further deepening the approach from the thematic areas involved: care, the environment, the patient and family, and professionals.

Evaluation of the NANDA International, Inc. diagnostic classification in Spain: Development and validation of the EVALUAN-I tool.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a tool to evaluate the NANDA International, Inc. diagnostic classification. METHODS: The tool, EVALUAN-I, was validated in a non-probabilistic sample (N = 460) on Spanish Registered Nurses (September-December 2019) in two phases. First, design and construct the instrument in three steps: (1) literature review to define the construct focusing on the orientation toward nursing concepts and theoretical foundations, the level of scientific evidence, the structural configuration, the applicability, the nurses' clinical reasoning skills, and the attitudes toward nursing diagnosis, (2) substantiation of the questionnaire items and design according to the criteria for a diagnostic classification, (3) expert test to establish the face validity and content validity. The second phase revolved around (4) conducting a pilot test and measuring the temporal stability (test-retest) and Cohen's kappa coefficient; assessing psychometric properties by measuring (5) reliability (internal consistency using Cronbach alpha and interfactor correlation) and (6) construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). The manuscript follows the STROBE checklist. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with registration number 2019-190-1. FINDINGS: EVALUAN-I displayed moderate test-retest stability, adequate construct validity, and excellent reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence about the configuration of EVALUAN-I in relation to nine analytical dimensions: clinical competence, nurses' reasoning skills, attitudes towards nursing diagnosis, discipline's central concepts, classification's contents, physiopathological attributes, level of scientific evidence, diagnostic precision, and conceptual correspondence between terminologies. CONCLUSIONS: EVALUAN-I is a valid and reliable instrument, which can be used to improve the epistemological, normative, and intuitive configuration of NANDA International, Inc. in a structured, systematic manner. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Comprehensive evaluation of NANDA International, Inc. in different clinical settings around the world using a validated instrument, like EVALUAN-I, would allow strengths and weaknesses to be identified and contribute to the classification's development and practical application.

OBJETIVO: Diseñar y validar un instrumento de medida para evaluar la taxonomía diagnóstica NANDA International, Inc. MÉTODOS: La herramienta, EVALUAN-I, ha sido validada con una muestra no probabilística (N = 460) de enfermeras españolas (septiembre-diciembre 2019) en dos fases. Primera, diseño y construcción del instrumento en tres etapas: (1) definición del constructo a través de una revisión bibliográfica centrada en la orientación hacia los conceptos y fundamentos teóricos de la enfermería, el nivel de evidencia científica, la configuración estructural, la aplicabilidad, las habilidades de razonamiento clínico de las enfermeras y las actitudes hacia los diagnósticos enfermeros, (2) fundamentación normativa de los criterios que debe reunir una clasificación diagnóstica y (3) prueba de expertos para establecer la validez aparente y validez de contenido. La segunda fase se centra en (4) el desarrollo de un pilotaje y medición de la estabilidad temporal a través del test-retest y cálculo del coeficiente Kappa de Cohen; evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas a través de la (5) fiabilidad (consistencia interna mediante Alfa de Cronbach y correlación interfactorial) y (6) validez de constructo (análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio). El manuscrito se ajusta a los criterios STROBE. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Investigación con el número de registro 2019-190-1. [Correction added on 20 April 2022, after first online publication: In point (4) of the 'Methods' section, "Kappa de ohen" has been corrected to "Kappa de Cohen" in this version.] RESULTADOS: EVALUAN-I mostró moderada estabilidad test-retest, adecuada validez de constructo y excelente fiabilidad. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró evidencias acerca de la configuración de EVALUAN-I en 9 dimensiones de análisis: competencia clínica, aptitudes para el razonamiento diagnóstico, actitudes ante el diagnóstico enfermero, conceptos centrales de la disciplina, contenidos de la clasificación, atributos fisiopatológicos, nivel de evidencia científica, precisión diagnóstica y comparativa conceptual entre terminologías. CONCLUSIONES: EVALUAN-I constituye un instrumento válido y fiable para mejorar la configuración epistemológica, normativa e intuitiva de NANDA International, Inc. de una manera estructurada y sistematizada. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA CLÍNICA: La valoración global de la taxonomía NANDA International, Inc. en los distintos contextos clínicos a nivel internacional a través de una herramienta validada como EVALUAN-I permitiría identificar las fortalezas y debilidades necesarias para contribuir a su desarrollo y aplicación práctica.

Effectiveness of a Standardized Nursing Process Using NANDA International, Nursing Interventions Classification and Nursing Outcome Classification Terminologies: A Systematic Review.

The decision-making in clinical nursing, regarding diagnoses, interventions and outcomes, can be assessed using standardized language systems such as NANDA International, the Nursing Interventions Classification and the Nursing Outcome Classification; these taxonomies are the most commonly used by nurses in informatized clinical records. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of the nursing process with standardized terminology using the NANDA International, the Nursing Interventions Classification and the Nursing Outcome Classification in care practice to assess the association between the presence of the related/risk factors and the clinical decision-making about nursing diagnosis, assessing the effectiveness of nursing interventions and health outcomes, and increasing people's satisfaction. A systematic review was carried out in Medline and PreMedline (OvidSP), Embase (Embase-Elsevier), The Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL (EbscoHOST), SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI and Scielo (WOS), LILACS (Health Virtual Library) and SCOPUS (SCOPUS-Elsevier) and included randomized clinical trials as well as quasi-experimental, cohort and case-control studies. Selection and critical appraisal were conducted by two independent reviewers. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Methodology. A total of 17 studies were included with variability in the level and certainty of evidence. According to the outcomes, 6 studies assessed diagnostic decision-making and 11 assessed improvements in individual health outcomes. No studies assessed improvements in intervention effectiveness or population satisfaction. There is a need to increase studies with rigorous methodologies that address clinical decision-making about nursing diagnoses using NANDA International and individuals' health outcomes using the Nursing Interventions Classification and the Nursing Outcome Classification as well as implementing studies that assess the use of these terminologies for improvements in the effectiveness of nurses' interventions and population satisfaction with the nursing process.

Use of the Nursing Interventions Classification and Nurses' Workloads: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: The Nursing Interventions Classification allows the systematic organisation of care treatments performed by nurses, and an estimation of the time taken to carry out the intervention is included in its characteristics. The aim of this study is to explore the evidence related to the use of the Nursing Interventions Classification in identifying and measure nurses' workloads. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted through a search of the databases Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS and Cuiden. The DeCS/MeSH descriptors were: "Standardized Nursing terminology" and "Workload". The search was limited to articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese. No limits were established regarding year of publication or type of study. RESULTS: Few reports were identified (n = 8) and these had methodological designs that contributed low levels of evidence. Research was focused on identifying specific interventions, types of activities, the prevalence of interventions and the time required to perform them. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence found on determination of nurses' workloads using the Nursing Interventions Classification was inconclusive. It is essential to increase the number of reports, as well as the settings and clinical context in which the Nursing Interventions Classification is used, with greater quality and methodological rigour.

Proteolytic activities and profiles as useful traits to select barley cultivars for beer production.

Barley malting depends on hydrolytic enzymes that degrade storage macromolecules. Identifying barley cultivars with proteolytic activity that guarantees appropriate foaming, flavor, and aroma in the beer is of great importance. In this work, the proteolytic activity and profiles of brewing malt from Mexican barley cultivars were analyzed. Data showed that Cys- (at 50°C) and Ser-proteases (at 70°C) are the major contributors to proteolytic activity during mashing. Essential amino acids, necessary for fermentation and production of good flavor and aroma in beer, were detected at the end of mashing. According to our results, Mexican cultivar HV2005-19 exhibits similar proteolytic activities as those from cultivar Metcalfe, which is one of the most utilized for the brewing industry. Moreover, we propose Cys- and Ser-proteases as biochemical markers during mashing at 50 and 70°C, respectively, to select barley cultivars for beer production. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Proteolytic activity, which depends on activation and de novo synthesis of proteases in the aleurone layer of barley seeds, is crucial in beer production. Identifying new barley varieties that have optimal proteolytic activities is of great interest for genetic improvement programs. In this study, we propose the variety HV2005-19 as a genotype with Cys- and Ser-proteases activity similar to that from Metcalfe, which is a top variety in the brewing industry.

Uso de terminología enfermera normalizada en los informes de cuidados al alta en un hospital de Canarias: Un estudio descriptivo / Use of standardised nursing terminology at discharge care reports in a canary islands hospital: a descriptive study

Objetivos: Analizar el uso de len guajes normalizados en los informes de enfermería identificando tipologías, eti quetas y contenidos diagnósticos. Méto do: Estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra aleatoria simple (n = 370) de informes al alta hospitalaria en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insu lar Materno-Infantil (Islas Canarias, Es paña). Se han calculado media y desvia ción estándar para las variables cuantita tivas y frecuencias para las cualitativas usando SPSS® (versión 25). Resulta dos: Menos de la mitad de los informes (49,23%) incorporaron terminología nor malizada, incluyendo n = 1922 diagnósti cos activos, n = 93 diagnósticos resuel tos, n = 72 intervenciones y n = 103 re sultados enfermeros. Conclusiones: Los informes que usan lenguajes normaliza dos son insuficientes, mostrando elevado número de etiquetas diagnósticas que revelan escasa resolución de diagnósti cos focalizados en el problema, con me nor registro de intervenciones y resulta dos enfermeros (AU)

Objectives: To analyse the use of standardised language in nursing care reports identifying typologies, labels and diagnostic content. Methods: Cross-sec tional descriptive study of a simple ran dom sample (n = 370) in the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Ma terno-Infantil (Canary Islands, Spain). The mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, and frequency for qualitative variables were calculated using SPSS® (version 25). Results: Less than half of the reports (49.23%) incorpo rated standardized terminology, including n = 1922 active diagnoses, n = 93 resol ved diagnoses, n = 72 interventions, and n = 103 nurses outcomes. Conclusions: Reports using standardized languages are insufficient, showing a high number of diagnostic labels that reveal poor reso lution of problem-focused nursing diag noses, with less recording of interven tions and nurses outcomes (AU)

Actitudes ante el Diagnóstico Enfermero: aplicación de la escala Position on Nursing Diagnosis en Canarias / Attitudes towards Nursing Diagnosis: application of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis scale in Canary Islands

Introducción: Las enfermeras tienen opiniones y actitudes diferentes sobre la funcionalidad clínica de los Diagnósticos Enfermeros. Objetivo: Describir las actitudes de los profesionales de Enfermería ante el Diagnóstico Enfermero. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en un hospital de las Islas Canarias (España). Position on Nursing Diagnosis constituye un instrumento validado con excelente fiabilidad. Conformado por una escala codificada de 20 parejas de adjetivos opuestos; puntuaciones extremas 1 (más negativa) y 7 (más positiva); valor central 4. Puntuación máxima 140 y mínima 20. Se realizó análisis de fiabilidad mediante Alfa de Cronbach y correlación interelementos. Distribución de frecuencias para variables cualitativas y de proporción para cuantitativas. Análisis de asociación. Resultados: Población muestral n=170. La escala ha expuesto alta fiabilidad (α=0,955) y adecuado poder de explicación de la varianza (66,13%). La puntuación media global fue 74,41 (sd=23,53); la peor actitud correspondió a Rutinario (µ=2,91; sd=1,55) mientras que la mejor fue Positivo (µ=4,20; sd=1,56). Conclusiones: Las actitudes de las enfermeras son similares a las observadas en otras realidades, con puntuaciones globales inferiores a la media. El incremento de la formación académica y del uso del Diagnóstico Enfermero en el entorno laboral parecen mejorar las actitudes de estos profesionales, principalmente en lo que respecta a su aceptación, comodidad, facilidad, relevancia, validez, creatividad y gratificación.

Introduction: Nurses have different opinions and attitudes about the clinical functionality of Nursing Diagnosis. Objective: To describe the attitudes of Nursing professionals towards the Nursing Diagnosis. Method: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in a hospital in the Canary Islands (Spain). Position on Nursing Diagnosis is a validated instrument to measure the attitudes of nurses towards the Nursing Diagnosis with excellent reliability. It is made up by a coded scale of 20 pairs of opposite adjectives in which the interviewed must position himself; extreme scores 1 (most negative attitude) and 7 (most positive attitude); 4 middle value; 140 maximum score and 20 minimum one. Reliability analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha and inter-element correlation. Frequency distribution for qualitative variables and proportion for quantitative variables. Association analysis. Results: The study population was N=170. The scale has shown high reliability (α=0.955) as well as adequate power to explain the total variance (66.13%). The global mean score was 74.41 (sd=23.53); the worst attitude was Routine (µ=2.91; sd=1.55) while the best attitude was Positive (µ=4.20; sd=1.56). Conclusions: The attitudes of the nurses in our environment are similar to other contexts, with global scores lower than the average. The increase in academic training and the use of the Nursing Diagnosis in the work environment seem to improve the attitudes of this professionals, mainly with regard to acceptance, comfort, ease, relevance, validity, creativity and gratification. (AU)

The influence of poly(ethylene oxide) and illumination on the copper electrodeposition process onto n-Si(100).

In this study, we examined the influence of illumination and the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as an additive for the copper electrodeposition process onto n-Si(100). The study was carried out by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the potential steps method, from which the corresponding nucleation and growth mechanism (NGM) were determined. Likewise, a morphologic analysis of the deposits obtained at different potential values by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) was carried out. In a first stage, Mott-Schottky measurements so as to characterize the energetics of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface were made. Also, parallel capacity measurements were carried out in order to determine the surface state density of the substrate. It was found that when PEO concentration is increased, the number of these surface states decreases. The CV results indicated that the presence of PEO inhibits the photoelectrochemical reaction of oxide formation on the surface of the semiconductor. This allows a decrease in the overpotential associated with the electrodeposition process. The analysis of the j/t transients shows that the NGM corresponds to progressive three-dimensional (3D) diffusional controlled (PN3D(Diff)), which was confirmed by the AFM technique. Neither illumination nor the presence of PEO changes the mechanisms. Their influence is in that they diminish the size of the nuclei and the speed with which these are formed, which produces a more homogeneous electrodeposit.

Mapeo cruzado de los factores relacionados y de riesgo de NANDA-I con la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades / Cross-mapping of Related and Risk Factors of NANDA-I with those of the International Classification of Diseases

Introducción: Enfermería desarrolla su actividad en un contexto multidisciplinar donde se mezclan la esfera autónoma y la de otros profesionales, y es de primordial la competencia diagnóstica. NANDA-International es la clasificación enfermera más utilizada; mientras que la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades es la de referencia para los problemas médicos. En ocasiones, los factores relacionados/riesgo de NANDA-International coinciden con diagnósticos médicos. Objetivo: Realizar mapeo cruzado entre NANDA-International y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Métodos: Estudio observacional con distribución de frecuencias mediante mapeo cruzado identificando sinónimos o cuasi-sinónimos en ambas clasificaciones. Resultados: Se determinaron n = 1715 factores relacionados/riesgo, n = 1193 clasificados en una ocasión y n = 522 duplicados. Los factores genuinos y específicos fueron n = 1593 (52,16 por ciento); n = 1460 (47,84 por ciento) estaban también en la clasificación médica. Conclusiones: Algunos Dominios y clases NANDA-International muestran factores genuinos y específicos de la disciplina enfermera; otros están, además, en la clasificación médica, cuya resolución no es competencia autónoma enfermera. De esta manera, NANDA-International puede llegar a convertirse en un instrumento extenso y poco útil, con etiologías poco específicas. Se deben mejorar y potenciar contenidos relativos a metaparadigmas enfermeros para hacerse visible con entidad propia en los sistemas de salud(AU)

Introduction: Nursing develops its activity in a multidisciplinary setting where the autonomous sphere and that of other professionals are mixed, while diagnostic competence is paramount. NANDA-International is the most widely used nurse classification, while the International Classification of Diseases is the reference for medical problems. Occasionally, the related factors/risk of NANDA-International coincide with medical diagnoses. Objective: To carry out cross-mapping between NANDA-International and the International Classification of Diseases. Methods: Observational study with frequency distribution by cross-mapping and identifying synonyms or quasi-synonyms in both classifications. Results: We determined 1715 related factors/risk; 1193 were classified on one occasion and 522 were duplicated. The genuine and specific factors were 1593 (52.16 percent); 1460 (47.84 percent) were also in the medical classification. Conclusions: Some NANDA-International domains and classes show genuine and specific factors in the nursing discipline, while others are also in the medical classification, whose resolution is not autonomously a nursing competence. In this way, NANDA-International can become an extensive and unhelpful tool, with little specific etiologies. Content related to nursing metaparadigms must be improved and enhanced to become visible with their own entity in the health systems(AU)