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OBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggested that the Y-chromosome haplogroups O2-N6-B451-AM01756 and O1a-M119 are two founder lineages of proto-Austronesians at about five thousand years ago. The objective of this study was to investigate the formation of proto-Austronesians from the perspective of the paternal gene pool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we developed a highly evised phylogenetic tree with age estimates for haplogroup O2-N6 and early branches of O1a-M119 (M110, F1036, and F819). In addition, we also explored the geographical distribution of eight sub-branches of O2-N6 and O1a-M119, and spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted for each sub-branch. RESULTS: The paternal lineage combination of proto-Austronesians is a small subset of a diverse gene pool of populations from the mainland of East Asia. The distribution map and results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis suggested that the eastern coastal region of northern China is likely the source of lineage O2-N6 while the coastal region of southeastern China is likely the diffusion center of early branches of O1a-M119. We developed an evolutionary diagram for Austronesians and their ancestors in the past 18,000 years. DISCUSSION: We proposed that the millet farming community in North China is the common ancestor group of the Austronesians and the Han people, while the diverse ancient people in the southeast coastal areas of East Asia form the common ancestor group of the Austronesians and the East Asian mainland population. The demographic history of multiple ancestral groups of the most recent common ancestor group itself in the more ancient period is helpful to understand the deep roots of the genetic components and cultural traditions of Austronesians.
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Cromosomas Humanos Y , Genética de Población , Humanos , Filogeografía , Filogenia , Haplotipos/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Y/genética , Asia OrientalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is severely threatening and challenging public health worldwide. Epidemiological studies focused on the influence of outdoor air pollution (AP) on COVID-19 risk have produced inconsistent conclusions. We aimed to quantitatively explore this association using a meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched for studies related to outdoor AP and COVID-19 risk in the Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. No language restriction was utilized. The search date entries were up to August 13, 2021. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained with random-/fixed-effects models. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021244656. RESULTS: A total of 35 articles were eligible for the meta-analysis. For long-term exposure to AP, COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with 1 µg/m3 increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2; effect size = 1.042, 95% CI 1.017-1.068), particulate matter with diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5; effect size = 1.056, 95% CI 1.039-1.072), and sulfur dioxide (SO2; effect size = 1.071, 95% CI 1.002-1.145). The COVID-19 mortality was positively associated with 1 µg/m3 increase in nitrogen dioxide (NO2; effect size = 1.034, 95% CI 1.006-1.063), PM2.5 (effect size = 1.047, 95% CI 1.025-1.1071). For short-term exposure to air pollutants, COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with 1 unit increase in air quality index (effect size = 1.001, 95% CI 1.001-1.002), 1 µg/m3 increase NO2 (effect size = 1.014, 95% CI 1.011-1.016), particulate matter with diameter <10 µm (PM10; effect size = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003-1.008), PM2.5 (effect size = 1.003, 95% CI 1.002-1.004), and SO2 (effect size = 1.015, 95% CI 1.007-1.023). CONCLUSIONS: Outdoor air pollutants are detrimental factors to COVID-19 outcomes. Measurements beneficial to reducing pollutant levels might also reduce the burden of the pandemic.
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Contaminación del Aire , COVID-19 , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Humanos , Material Particulado/toxicidad , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Baijiu (Chinese liquor) is a type of traditional distilled alcoholic beverage produced through spontaneous solid-state fermentation with sorghum as the primary material. Material processing, including sorghum soaking, steaming and cooling which is carried out in an open environment, is an integral part of Baijiu manufacturing. However, the microbiota involved in material pretreatment and its associate with the alcoholic fermentation is unclear. This research is aimed to exploring the diversity and role of microbiota during material pretreatment of light-flavor Baijiu. Results showed that Cyanobacteria, Epicoccum, and Cladosporium predominated in the sorghum at the beginning of soaking. Lactobacillus and Pichia became the predominant bacterial and fungal genera by the end of soaking. With the dynamics of microbiota, the pH declined sharply and the categories and concentration of volatile flavors such as alcohols, esters, acids, phenols, ketones, and aldehydes increased. Correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus and Pichia showed positive correlation with various flavors during soaking. Furthermore, SourceTracker analysis revealed that the microbiota involved during cooling processing was an important source of the Lactobacillus during fermentation of light-flavor Baijiu. This study illustrates the role of microbiota during material pretreatment and the association with alcoholic fermentation, which contributes to reveal the mechanism of Baijiu manufacturing.
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Bebidas Alcohólicas/microbiología , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiota , Sorghum/microbiología , Bebidas Alcohólicas/análisis , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Fermentación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Hongos/clasificación , Hongos/genética , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microbiota/genética , Gusto , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisisRESUMEN
Proceedings of the European Seminars in Respiratory Medicine course, Inhalation therapy in the next decade: Determinants of adherence to treatment in asthma and COPD, held in Taormina, Italy, on 3-4 March, 2017.
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Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Respiratoria/instrumentación , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/mortalidad , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/psicología , Mortalidad , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/mortalidad , Neumología/historia , Neumología/organización & administración , Terapia Respiratoria/métodosRESUMEN
The relationship between hydrophobicity and the protective effect of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) against oxidative stress was studied. Whey protein was first hydrolysed by pepsin and trypsin to obtain WPHs. After absorbed by macroporous adsorption resin DA201-C, three fractions named as M20, M40, and M60 were eluted by various concentrations of ethanol. The hydrophobicity showed a trend of increase from M20 to M60. Antioxidant ability test in vitro indicated that all the three components of WPHs displayed reasonably good antioxidant ability. Moreover, with the increase of hydrophobicity, antioxidant ability of WPHs improved significantly. Then rat pheochromocytoma line 12 (PC12) cells oxidative model was built to evaluate the suppression of oxidative stress of three components on PC12 cells induced by H2O2. Morphological alterations, cell viability, apoptosis rate, and intracellular antioxidase system tests all indicated that WPHs exert significant protection on PC cells against H2O2-induced damage. Among them, M60 had the highest protective effect by increasing 19·3% cell survival and reducing 28·6% cell apoptosis. These results suggested hydrophobicity of WPHs was contributing to the antioxidant ability and the protective effect against oxidative damage.
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Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Proteínas de la Leche/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/análisis , Proteínas de la Leche/farmacología , Células PC12 , Ratas , Proteína de Suero de LecheRESUMEN
The anti-metastatic effect of curcumin on papillary thyroid cancer K1 cells and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Curcumin at 12.5, 25 and 50 µM promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition and decreased the migration rate of K1 cells by 24-87%. Its mechanism may involve the up-regulation of E-cadherin expression levels and down-regulation of the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Curcumina/farmacología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , HumanosRESUMEN
Objectives: Previous studies of archaeology and history suggested that the rise and prosperity of Bronze Age culture in East Asia had made essential contribution to the formation of early state and civilization in this region. However, the impacts in perspective of genetics remain ambiguous. Previous genetic researches indicated the Y-chromosome Q1a1a-M120 and N1a2a-F1101 may be the two most important paternal lineages among the Bronze Age people in ancient northwest China. Here, we investigated the 9,000-years history of haplogroup N1a2a-F1101 with revised phylogenetic tree and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 229 sequences of N1a2a-F1101 were analyzed. We developed a highly-revised phylogenetic tree with age estimates for N1a2a-F1101. In addition, we also explored the geographical distribution of sub-lineages of N1a2a-F1101, and spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted for each sub-branch. Results: The initial differentiation location of N1a2a-F1101 and its most closely related branch, N1a2b-P43, a major lineage of Uralic-speaking populations in northern Eurasia, is likely the west part of northeast China. After ~4 thousand years of bottleneck effect period, haplgroup N1a2a-F1101 experienced continuous expansion during the Chalcolithic age (~ 4.5 kya to 4 kya) and Bronze age (~ 4 kya to 2.5 kya) in northern China. Ancient DNA evidence supported that this haplogroup is the lineage of ruling family of Zhou Dynasty (~ 3 kya-2.2 kya) of ancient China. Discussion: In general, we proposed that the Bronze Age people in the border area between the eastern Eurasian steppe and northern China not only played a key role in promoting the early state and civilization of China, but also left significant traces in the gene pool of Chinese people.
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Previous studies demonstrated Y chromosome haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 is the only founding paternal lineage of all Tungusic-speaking populations. To infer the differentiation history of these populations, we studied more sequences and constructed downstream structure of haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 with better resolution. In this study, we generated 100 new sequences and co-analyzed 140 sequences of C2a-M48-SK1061 to reconstruct a highly revised phylogenetic tree with age estimates. We also performed the analysis of the geographical distribution and spatial autocorrelation of sub-branches. Dozens of new sub-branches were discovered, many sub-branches were nearly unique for Ewenki, Evens, Oroqen, Xibe, Manchu, Daur, and Mongolian. The topology of these unique sub-branches is the key evidence for understanding the complex evolutionary relationship between different Tungusic-speaking populations. The revised phylogeny provided a clear pattern for the differentiation history of haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 in the past 2,000 years. This study showed that the divergence pattern of founder lineage is essential to understanding the differentiation history of populations.
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Light-flavor Baijiu fermentation is a typical spontaneous solid-state fermentation process fueled by a variety of microorganisms. Mechanized processes have been increasingly employed in Baijiu production to replace traditional manual operation processes, however, the microbiological and physicochemical dynamics in mechanized processes remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the microbial community succession and flavor compound formation during a whole mechanized fermentation process of light-flavor Baijiu using the conventional dilution plating method, PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that largely different fungal and bacterial communities were involved in the soaking and fermentation processes. A clear succession from Pantoea agglomerans to Bacillus (B.) smithii and B. coagulans in dominant bacterial species and from Cladosporium exasperatum to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lichtheimia ramosa in dominant fungal species occurred in the soaking processes. In the fermentation process, the most dominant bacterial species was shifted from Pantoea agglomerans to Lactobacillus (La.) acetotolerans and the most dominant fungal species were shifted from Lichtheimia ramose and Rhizopus arrhizus to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The bacterial and fungal species positively associated with acidity and the formation of ethanol and different flavor compounds were specified. The microbial species exhibited strong co-occurrence or co-exclusion relationships were also identified. The results are helpful for the improvement of mechanized fermentation process of light-flavor Baijiu production.
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Bacillus , Microbiota , Pantoea , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Fermentación , EtanolRESUMEN
The protective effect of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage on rat pheochromocytoma line 12 (PC12) cells was studied. Whey protein was hydrolyzed by pepsin and trypsin and purified by macrospore absorption resins. PC12 cells were pretreated with WPHs (from 369 to 1,980 Da) at different concentrations for 2 h, then washed and incubated with 100 µM H(2)O(2) in the presence of WPHs for another 24 h. With 100-400 µg WPH/ml the viable cells increased by 20-30 % when incubated with H(2)O(2) suggesting that they may play a role as antioxidant in foods.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Proteínas de la Leche/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Aminoácidos/análisis , Aminoácidos/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Forma de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Proteínas de la Leche/química , Células PC12 , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Ratas , Proteína de Suero de LecheRESUMEN
The amylolytic yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera is a predominant species in starters and the early fermentation stage of Chinese liquor (Baijiu). However, the genetic diversity of the species remains largely unknown. Here we sequenced the genomes of 97 S. fibuligera strains from different Chinese Baijiu companies. The genetic diversity and population structure of the strains were analyzed based on 1,133 orthologous genes and the whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four main lineages were recognized. One lineage contains 60 Chinese strains which are exclusively homozygous with relatively small genome sizes (18.55-18.72 Mb) and low sequence diversity. The strains clustered in the other three lineages are heterozygous with larger genomes (21.85-23.72 Mb) and higher sequence diversity. The genomes of the homozygous strains showed nearly 100% coverage with the genome of the reference strain KPH12 and the sub-genome A of the hybrid strain KJJ81 at the above 98% sequence identity level. The genomes of the heterozygous strains showed nearly 80% coverage with both the sub-genome A and the whole genome of KJJ81, suggesting that the Chinese heterozygous strains are also hybrids with nearly 20% genomes from an unidentified source. Eighty-three genes were found to show significant copy number variation between different lineages. However, remarkable lineage specific variations in glucoamylase and α-amylase activities and growth profiles in different carbon sources and under different environmental conditions were not observed, though strains exhibiting relatively high glucoamylase activity were mainly found from the homozygous lineage.
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Variación Genética , Saccharomycopsis/genética , Saccharomycopsis/metabolismo , Vino/microbiología , China , Fermentación , Genoma Fúngico , Filogenia , Saccharomycopsis/clasificación , Saccharomycopsis/aislamiento & purificación , Vino/análisisRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of delivering VEGF directly into the central nervous system (CNS) following intranasal administration. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups, given [(125)I]-VEGF intranasally or intravenously. VEGF was intranasally administered in both nares alternately, the single dose is 10 microl with time interval of 2 min for about 18.5 min. The intravenous (IV) group was treated with 100 microl [(125)I]-VEGF intravenously. Thirty minutes after administration, rats were killed following blood sample collections, then the brains were removed, and olfactory bulb, striatum corpora, cortex, thalamus, pons, cerebella, medulla, hippocampus, cervical cord and other tissues were collected, weighted, under auto gamma counting and autoradiography analysis. Cisternal sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed in an additional group of animals. Both gamma counting and high resolution phosphor imaging of tissue sections showed that intranasal administration of [(125)I]-VEGF resulted in substantial delivery throughout the CNS. The highest CNS tissue concentration following IN delivery was found in the trigeminal nerve, followed by the optic nerve, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tubercle, striatum, medulla, frontal cortex, midbrain, pons, appendix cerebri, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum. Intranasal administration of [(125)I]-VEGF also targeted the deep cervical lymph nodes. CSF did not contain [(125)I]-VEGF following intranasal administration. Intravenous [(125)I]-VEGF resulted in blood and peripheral tissue exposure higher concentrations than that intranasal administration, but CNS concentrations were significantly lower. The results suggest intranasally delivered VEGF can bypass the blood-brain barrier via olfactory- and trigeminal-associated extracellular pathways to directly entry into the CNS. Intranasal administration of VEGF may provide an effective way for the treatments of CNS diseases.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/administración & dosificación , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/farmacocinética , Administración Intranasal , Vías Aferentes/anatomía & histología , Vías Aferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Vías Aferentes/metabolismo , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/farmacocinética , Cavidad Nasal/efectos de los fármacos , Cavidad Nasal/inervación , Cavidad Nasal/metabolismo , Nervio Olfatorio/anatomía & histología , Nervio Olfatorio/efectos de los fármacos , Nervio Olfatorio/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Nervio Trigémino/anatomía & histología , Nervio Trigémino/efectos de los fármacos , Nervio Trigémino/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Curcumin, traditionally used as food and medicinal purposes, has recently been reported to have protective efficacy against hypoxia. Hypoxia is one of the important reactive factors in tumor metastasis, which is a key problem in clinical thyroid cancer therapy. In present study, we investigate the anti-metastatic effect of curcumin on the K1 papillary thyroid cancer cells as well as its potential mechanisms. The results show that curcumin effectively inhibits hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) upregulation and significantly decreases the mRNA and protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in K1 cells. Curcumin also decreases the DNA binding ability of HIF-1α to hypoxia response element (HRE). Furthermore, curcumin enhances E-cadherin expression, inhibits metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzyme activity, and weakens K1 cells migration under hypoxic conditions. In summary, these results indicate that curcumin possesses a potent anti-metastatic effect and might be an effective tumoristatic agent for the treatment of aggressive papillary thyroid cancers.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Carcinoma/patología , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Curcumina/farmacología , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Western Blotting , Carcinoma Papilar , Hipoxia de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayo de Cambio de Movilidad Electroforética , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Cáncer Papilar TiroideoRESUMEN
Whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) were prepared with pepsin and trypsin. A PC12 cell model was built to observe the protective effect of WPHs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results indicated that WPHs reduced apoptosis by 14% and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Flow cytometry was used to assess the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca(2+) levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The results showed that WPHs suppressed ROS elevation and Ca(2+) levels and stabilised MMP by 16%. The anti-apoptosis/pro-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2/Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were investigated by Western-blot analysis, which indicated that WPHs increased the expression of Bcl-2 while inhibiting the expression of Bax and the degradation of PARP. WPHs also blocked Caspase-3 activation by 62%. The results demonstrate that WPHs can significantly protect PC12 cells against oxidative stress via a mitochondria-mediated pathway. These findings indicate the potential benefits of WPHs as valuable food antioxidative additives.
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Proteínas de la Leche/química , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Hidrolisados de Proteína/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio/metabolismo , Bovinos , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Células PC12 , Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/genética , Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/metabolismo , Sustancias Protectoras/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Proteína de Suero de LecheRESUMEN
gp120 is a substrate for protein engineering both for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunogen design and as a bait for isolating anti-HIV antibodies from patient samples. In this work, we describe the display of a stripped core gp120 on the yeast cell surface. Validation against a panel of neutralizing antibodies confirms that yeast-displayed gp120 presents the CD4 binding site in the correct conformation. We map the epitope of the broadly neutralizing anti-gp120 antibody VRC01 using both a random mutagenesis library and a defined mutant panel and find that the resultant epitope maps are consistent with one another and with the crystallographically identified contact residues. Mapping the VRC01-competitive antibodies b12 and b13 reveals energetic differences in their epitopes that are not obvious from existing crystal structures. These data suggest mutation sets that abrogate binding to broadly neutralizing antibodies with greater specificity than the canonical mutation D368R, useful in rapidly assessing the nature of a vaccine response.
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Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/inmunología , Diseño de Fármacos , Mapeo Epitopo , Epítopos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/inmunología , Proteína gp120 de Envoltorio del VIH/inmunología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/química , Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/genética , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos CD4/genética , Antígenos CD4/inmunología , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Epítopos/genética , Epítopos/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/genética , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/metabolismo , Proteína gp120 de Envoltorio del VIH/genética , Proteína gp120 de Envoltorio del VIH/metabolismo , Humanos , Riñón/citología , Riñón/metabolismo , Mutagénesis , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Proteínas Mutantes/inmunología , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo , Biblioteca de Péptidos , Conformación Proteica , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMEN
Curcumin, the active constituent of dietary spice turmeric, possesses a strong potential for cancer prevention and treatment. However, there is no study to address the effects of curcumin on invasion and metastasis of thyroid cancers. Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs, and its incidence rates have steadily increased over recent decades. Although most indolent tumours can be effectively managed, metastatic tumours at distant secondary sites behave aggressively and currently there is no effective form of treatment. Here, for the first time it has been reported that curcumin inhibit multiple metastasis steps of K1 papillary thyroid cancer cells. Curcumin dose-dependently suppressed viability of K1 cells as well as its cell attachment, spreading, migration and invasion abilities. Moreover, curcumin could also down-regulate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The findings showed that curcumin might be an effective tumouristatic agent for the treatment of aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas.
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Carcinoma/patología , Curcumina/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Carcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma/enzimología , Carcinoma/genética , Carcinoma Papilar , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/genética , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/fisiopatología , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/enzimología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genéticaRESUMEN
Recently, many studies on health benefits associated with curcumin have been reported. In this study, the effects of curcumin on apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer cell line K1 and its potential mechanisms were investigated. Curcumin was found to significantly inhibit cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, curcumin-induced cell apoptosis was characterized with a rapid stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, curcumin-induced ROS generation led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the disturbance of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. A decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) were observed after exposure to curcumin. Results of this study may elucidate the curcumin-induced apoptosis effects on K1 cells. Thus, our results indicate a role of curcumin as health-promoting food ingredient, as well as a potential chemotherapeutic agent which is able to fight against papillary thyroid cancer.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Carcinoma Papilar , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Curcumina/farmacología , Humanos , Cáncer Papilar TiroideoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of latent asymptomatic Toxoplasma gondii infection on glucose metabolism in brain of mice. METHODS: Twenty mice were randomly divided into two groups: a Toxoplasma infected group and normal control group. The mice in the Toxoplasma infected group were inoculated with 0.3 ml of brain suspension in saline containing ten Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts, avirulent Toxoplasma gondii Prugniaud (PRU, a Type II strain). The mice in the control group received 0.3 ml of saline orally. Six monthes after the infection, the glucose metabolism changes in the mouse brain were evaluated by MicroPET, then all the mice were sacrificed and the brain tissues were observed histopathologically. RESULTS: Compared with the normal controls, the infected mice demonstrated profound and widespread brain pathology, and MicroPET indicated a significant glucose metabolism reduction in the brain of asymptomatic Toxoplasma gondii infected mice. CONCLUSION: Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection maybe results in the glucose metabolism reduction in the brain of mice.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Toxoplasma/fisiología , Toxoplasmosis/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Distribución Aleatoria , Toxoplasmosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Curcumin has been traditionally used in China and India for food and medicinal purposes. It has been shown to possess potent antioxidative activity both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects and the potential mechanisms of curcumin against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells were investigated. Treatment with curcumin at 20 and 25µg/mL for 1h prior to H2O2 exposure significantly attenuated cell viability loss, reduced apoptosis, suppressed the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium levels, and stabilised mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, curcumin could block H2O2-mediated degradation of the protein IκBα and subsequent activation of nuclear factor κB, thus inhibiting the expression of its target gene cyclooxygenase 2. These results indicate that curcumin has potential protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in neuron cells, which might make curcumin a suitable therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.