Risk factors and mortality of candidemia in a children's public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Candida bloodstream infections in children are of special concern in neonatal and pediatric intensive care and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors associated with mortality in candidemia cases occurring in a public children's hospital in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. It is a retrospective transversal study. Every patient under the age of 18 admitted to the study facility from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, was considered potentially eligible to be included if they had candidemia. We collected clinical data from medical records. We included 113 blood cultures yielding positive results for Candida. The incidence rate was 2.12 per 1000 admissions. The most common Candida species was Candida parapsilosis. Septic shock during the candidemia episode was the only clinical outcome associated with a relative risk-adjusted (RRa) of 2.77 with an interval >1 (1.12-6.85). Our findings show that the incidence rate and mortality rates of candidemia are in line with those in other children's services in Brazil. We found a global mortality rate of 28.31% (32/113) from candidemia episodes. We highlight the predominance of non-albicans Candida species including C. parapsilosis. Septic shock was the most important factor showing a significant risk of mortality.

Evaluation of the INTERGROWTH-21st project newborn standard for neonatal phenotypes and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

INTRODUCTION: The use of local references or standard for neonatal studies still requires their validation through indicators of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the performance of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project (IG-21) standard and a commonly used Argentinian reference (Urquia) by examining the differences in the frequency of growth phenotypes, and the associated neonatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all singleton live-births from Sarda Maternity Hospital (Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 33 and 42 gestational age, using information obtained from a Perinatal Surveillance System (Agustina) dataset between 1996-2001 (n = 25948). Phenotypes small- and large-for-gestational age, stunting and waisting and a composite of neonatal morbidity/mortality (CNMM) were contrasted between the IG-21 standard and Urquia reference. RESULTS: the Urquia 3rd centile value was lower than IG-21 before 37 weeks, but then it surpassed IG-21 until term. Among Sarda , 2.3%, 5.9% and 8.9 were <3rd, <10th and >97th centile, respectively, under the IG-21 standard, while 3.7%, 10.1% and 8.4% were <3rd, <10th and >97th centile, respectively, under the Urquia reference. Stunting and waisting were 16.1% and 0.9%, respectively under IG-21. The IG-21 detection rates of CNMM showed that 28.5%, 19.6% and 8.5% occurred among weight<3rd,<10th and >97th centile, respectively, while 21.8%, 14.2% and 8.0%  occurred among <3rd, <10th and >97th centile under the Urquia criteria. Newborn weight <3rd,<10th and >97th  centile under IG-21 showed higher neonatal CNMM risk compared with Urquia reference. CONCLUSIONS: The IG-21 standard identified a higher risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality than the Urquia reference.

Introducción: El uso de referencias locales o estándares para estudios neonatales aún requiere su validación a través de indicadores de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Comparar la capacidad predictiva del estándar INTERGROWTH-21st (IG-21st) y una referencia argentina (Urquia) mediante los fenotipos de crecimiento fetal y morbi-mortalidad neonatales. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de recién nacidos vivos entre 33 y 42 semanas del Hospital Materno-Infantil Ramón Sarda (Buenos Aires, Argentina), entre 1996-2001 (n = 25948). Los fenotipos pequeños (PEG) y grandes para la edad gestacional, acortado y emaciado y un índice compuesto de morbilidad / mortalidad neonatal (CNMM) se contrastaron entre IG-21st y la referencia Urquia. Resultados: El 3er percentil del peso al nacer de Urquia fue menor que el de IG-21st antes de las 37 semanas; 2.3%, 5.9% y 8.9 de los RN fueron <3o, <10° y > 97° percentil, respectivamente, bajo el estándar IG-21st, mientras que 3,7%, 10,1% y 8,4% fueron <3 °, <10 ° y> 97 ° percentil, respectivamente, bajo la referencia Urquia. Acortados fueron 16.1% y emaciados 0.9%, bajo IG-21st. CNMM bajo IG-21st fueron 28.5%, 19.6% y 8.5% en peso<3o, <10º y >97º percentil, respectivamente, mientras que 21.8%, 14.2% y 8.0% ocurrieron en peso< 3°, <10° y > 97° percentil bajo Urquia. Acortados fueron 17.3% y emaciados 18.3%. Los RN <3er°, <10° y > 97° percentil bajo IG-21st mostraron mayor riesgo de CNMM en comparación con la referencia Urquia. Conclusiones: El estándar IG-21st identificó mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad que la referencia Urquia.