[Temperament and alcoholic behavior in medical students]. / Tempérament et conduites alcooliques chez l'étudiant en médecine.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Tunisian medical student population is very heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is based among other things on temperamental differences between different students and their behavior and strategies to cope with the requirements and constraints of medical studies. We conducted this study aiming: to determine the prevalence of alcohol use in a student population at Sfax Medical School and to evaluate the factors associated with this use; to study the relationship between affective temperament and alcohol consumption among medical students. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in the form of a survey between July 2018 and January 2019 among students (aged between 19 and 30) recruited from the University of Medicine of Sfax during their internship in the psychiatric department "A" at CHU HédiChaker of Sfax. We used a pre-established survey sheet based on data from the substance use and affective temperament literature in medical students that was completed by the participants after obtaining their consent and having explained the anonymity and confidentiality of the questionnaire. This sheet included a section on student sociodemographic characteristics, a second part describing the history and characteristics of alcohol consumption and the evaluation of alcohol consumption through the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and a third part for temperament evaluation by TIME-A, and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis Pisa Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire. RESULTS: We recruited 136 students with an average age of 21.63 years (SD 2 years) and a sex ratio (H/F) of 0.66. Alcohol consumption was observed among 19.8 % of students surveyed, 19.1 % of whom were occasional consumers. The mean age of onset of alcohol consumption was 18.48 years (SD 1.76 years). All consumer students had started using alcohol with their friends. The desired effect was euphoric in 74 % of cases, sleeping for 14.8 % of them. Among consumers, the average score at AUDIT was 6.44 (SD 5.3). Among them 70.4 % had a risk-free consumption (score of 8 or less); 14.8% were at risk (score 9-12) and 11.1 % were likely alcohol dependent (score>12). The evaluation of affective temperament according to TIME-A showed that the cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperament scores were the highest among the students (respectively 5.5 and 4). The analytical study showed that alcohol dependence was significantly more common among male students (p=0.048). Alcohol use was significantly more common among students who smoke (p<0.001) and those who consume cannabis (p<0.001). The bivariate correlation showed that more students had a high score of depressive temperaments (r=0.18, p=0.032), irritable (r=0.2, P=0.018) and hyperthymic (r=0.27, p=0.001). The higher their scores on the AUDIT scale, the more alcohol-dependent they were. CONCLUSION: The implementation of preventive measures is an obvious emergency. In the same way, taking into account the difference in affective temperaments in this very particular population could have a grandiose importance and an interesting impact both in the screening and in the care of these students.

HF, MP2 and DFT calculations and spectroscopic study of the vibrational and conformational properties of N-diethylendiamine.

The conformational stability and vibrational modes of the N-diethylendiamine organic cation (N-DD(2+)) were studied by experimental (Raman) spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations. Various ab initio theories were used: Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, Möller-Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2) theory and density functional theory (DFT). Three stable conformers of N-DD(2+), trans-trans, gauche-gauche and gauche-trans were calculated. A comparison between the computed structural parameters of the conformers at both levels of theory and the X-ray data was made. It is demonstrated that the N-DD(2+) cation adopts more probably the gauche-gauche conformation at room temperature. In order to make a more detailed interpretation of the low temperature phase transition of N-DDHP, the Raman spectra of N-DDHP were recorded at room and low temperature in the 200-3400 cm(-1) region. The vibrational frequencies of the different conformers of N-DD(2+) were also calculated using the DFT/B3LYP (6-31G(d)) level of theory. By comparison between the experimental and theoretical results, the conformational dynamic of the N-DD(2+) organic cation was confirmed. It is shown that the N-DD(2+) cation configuration changes from gauche-gauche conformer to gauche-trans conformer when decreasing the temperature.

Synthesis and structural studies of a new complex of catena-poly[p-anisidinium [[diiodidobismu-thate(III)]-di-µ-iodido] dihydrate].

A new organic-inorganic hybrid material, {(C7H10NO)[BiI4]·2H2O} n , has been synthesized by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution at room temperature. The anionic sublattice of the crystal is built up by [BiI6] octa-hedra sharing edges. The resulting zigzag chains extend along the a-axis direction and are arranged in a distorted hexagonal rod packing. The p-anisidinium cations and the water mol-ecules are located in the voids of the anionic sublattice. The cations are linked to each other through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the water mol-ecules, and also through weaker N-H⋯I inter-actions to the anionic inorganic layers.

[Internal trans-Oddi's sphincter fistula drainage of hydatid cysts communicating with the bile ducts]. / Drainage interne trans-fistulo-oddien des kystes hydatiques ouverts dans les voies biliaires.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of internal trans-fistulary drainage without opening the cystic cavity for the treatment of hydatic cyst of the liver. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1990, 14 patients with hydatid cyst of the liver communicating with the bile duct were treated by internal trans-fistulary drainage without opening the hydatic cavity. Choledocoscopy demonstrated good bile flow without a remaining cystic fragment in all cases. The residual cavity was drained via an external drain in the common bile duct. A second hydatic cyst of the liver was also treated in 4 patients. RESULTS: Internal trans-fistulary drainage was achieved easily. There were two treatment-related postoperative complications: bilary leakage in one patient and infection of the residual cavity leading to septicemia and death in another. CONCLUSION: Internal trans-fistulary drainage without opening the hydatic cavity is indicated for central hydatic cyst of the liver measuring less than 15 cm with a flexible pericyst and a large biliocystic fistula measuring more than 5 mm. Peroperative choledochoscopy of the hydatic cavity is necessary.