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1.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38844072

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is limited evidence to identify the most accurate method for measuring the mitral valve area (MVA) after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral repair. Our objective was to evaluate the optimal method in this context and its correlation with the mean transmitral gradient. METHODS: A registry of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral repair was conducted, analyzing different methods of measuring MVA and their correlation with the mean gradient. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 167 patients. The mean age was 76±10.3 years, 54% were men, and 46% were women. Etiology was degenerative in 45%, functional in 39%, and mixed in 16%. Postclip MVA measurements were 1.89±0.60 cm2 using pressure half-time (PHT), 2.87±0.83 cm2 using 3D planimetry, and the mean gradient was 3±1.19mmHg. MVA using 3D planimetry showed a stronger correlation with the mean gradient (r=0.46, P<.001) than MVA obtained by PHT (r=0.19, P=.048). Interobserver agreement was also higher with 3D planimetry than with PHT (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 vs 0.81 and variation coefficient of 9.6 vs 19.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the PHT method significantly underestimates MVA after clip implantation compared with direct measurement using transesophageal 3D planimetry. The latter method also correlates better with postimplantation gradients and has less interobserver variability. These results suggest that 3D planimetry is a more appropriate method for assessing postclip mitral stenosis.

2.
J Clin Med ; 12(24)2023 Dec 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38137816

RESUMO

This review article describes in depth the current usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Pre-intervention, 3D-transesophageal echocardiography allows us to accurately evaluate the aortic valve morphology and to measure the valve annulus, helping us to choose the appropriate size of the prosthesis, especially useful in cases where the computed tomography is not of adequate quality. Although it is not currently used routinely during the intervention, it remains essential in those cases of greater complexity, such as for patients with greater calcification and bicuspid valve, mechanical mitral prosthesis, and "valve in valve" procedures. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is the best technique to detect and quantify paravalvular regurgitation, a fundamental aspect to decide whether immediate valve postdilation is needed. It also allows to detect early any immediate complications such as cardiac tamponade, aortic hematoma or dissection, migration of the prosthesis, malfunction of the prosthetic leaflets, or the appearance of segmental contractility disorders due to compromise of the coronary arteries ostium. Transesophageal echocardiography is also very useful in follow-up, to check the proper functioning of the prosthesis and to rule out complications such as thrombosis of the leaflets, endocarditis, or prosthetic degeneration.

3.
Rev chil anest ; 49(3): 397-400, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510853

RESUMO

The coronavirus pandemic has generated a serious global health problem. COVID-19 mainly affects the lung, but it has been seen that myocardial involvement also occurs in some patients, producing myocarditis and arrhythmias.


La pandemia por coronavirus ha generado un grave problema sanitario mundial. El COVID-19 afecta fundamentalmente el pulmón, pero se ha visto que en algunos pacientes también se produce afectación del miocardio produciendo miocarditis y arritmias.


Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19/complicações , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Miocardite/etiologia
4.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 72(9): 732-739, sept. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-189132

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: El desarrollo tardío de insuficiencia tricúspide funcional tras cirugía valvular izquierda de origen reumático es un importante predictor de mal pronóstico. Este estudio investiga la utilidad y precisión diagnóstica del área tricúspide evaluada por ecocardiografía transtorácica tridimensional en comparación con el diámetro bidimensional (D2D) convencional para evaluar la dilatación significativa del anillo tricúspide, proporcionando puntos de corte que podrían utilizarse en la práctica clínica para mejorar la selección de pacientes para cirugía. Métodos: Se incluyeron prospectivamente 109 pacientes con valvulopatía reumática en ausencia de reemplazo valvular previo. La insuficiencia tricúspide se dividió en tres grupos: leve, moderado y grave. Se obtuvieron los puntos de corte óptimos del área tridimensional (A3D) y del D2D para la identificación de la dilatación significativa del anillo tricúspide y se compararon con los umbrales de las guías actuales. También se evaluaron los factores predictivos de la dilatación del A3D. Resultados: Se identificaron los puntos de corte óptimos, absolutos y ajustados por el área de superficie corporal (ASC), de ambos parámetros (A3D: 10,4 cm2, 6,5 cm2/m2, D2D: 35 mm, 21 mm/m2) siendo el parámetro A3D/ASC el que obtuvo el mejor rendimiento diagnóstico (ABC=0,83). El área tricúspide por ecocardiografía transtorácica tridimensional ayudó a reclasificar la indicación quirúrgica en el 14% de pacientes con insuficiencia tricúspide leve (IC95%, 1-15%; p=0,03) y en el 37% con insuficiencia tricúspide moderada (IC95%, 22-37%; p<0,0001), mientras que el A3D/ASC cambió los criterios de cirugía en los casos de insuficiencia tricúspide leve (17%, IC95%, 3-17%; p=0,01) en comparación con el D2D/ASC. En el análisis multivariable, los volúmenes de la aurícula derecha e izquierda y el diámetro del ventrículo derecho basal se correlacionaron independientemente con el A3D. Conclusiones: El umbral del D2D actual propuesto de 40 mm infraestima la dilatación del anillo tricúspide. Aunque 21 mm/m2 podría ser un criterio de selección razonable, la combinación con la evaluación del A3D mejora la selección de pacientes candidatos para cirugía


Introduction and objectives: Late functional tricuspid regurgitation after rheumatic left-sided valve surgery is an important predictor of poor prognosis. This study investigated the usefulness and accuracy of 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography tricuspid area compared with conventional 2-dimensional diameter (2DD) for assessing significant tricuspid annulus dilatation, providing cutoff values that could be used in clinical practice to improve patient selection for surgery. Methods: We prospectively included 109 patients with rheumatic heart disease in the absence of previous valve replacement. Tricuspid regurgitation was divided into 3 groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Optimal 3-dimensional area (3DA) and 2DD cutoff points for identification of significant tricuspid annulus dilatation were obtained and compared with current guideline thresholds. Predictive factors for 3DA dilatation were also assessed. Results: Optimal cutoff points for both absolute and adjusted to body surface area (BSA) tricuspid annulus dilatation were identified (3DA: 10.4 cm2, 6.5 cm2/m2; 2DD: 35 mm, 21 mm/m2); 3DA/BSA had the best diagnostic performance (AUC=0.83). Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography tricuspid area helped to reclassify surgical indication in 14% of patients with mild tricuspid regurgitation (95%CI, 1%-15%; P=.03) and 37% with moderate tricuspid regurgitation (95%CI, 22%-37%; P<.0001), whereas 3DA/BSA changed surgery criteria in cases of mild tricuspid regurgitation (17%; 95%CI, 3%-17%; P=.01) compared with 2DD/BSA. On multivariable analysis, right and left atrial volumes and basal right ventricle diameter were independently correlated with 3DA. Conclusions: The current 40 mm threshold underestimates tricuspid annulus dilatation. Although 21 mm/m2 seems to be a reasonable criterion, the combination with 3DA assessment improves patient selection for surgery


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/diagnóstico por imagem , Anuloplastia da Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Cardiopatia Reumática/complicações , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional/métodos , Anel Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Seleção de Pacientes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
5.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(2): 105-109, feb. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-170660

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Está demostrado que la tomografía computarizada con multidetectores (TCMD) es una alternativa factible a la coronariografía invasiva (CI). Sin embargo, se han indicado resultados contradictorios sobre el efecto de la puntuación de calcio (PC) coronario en la precisión diagnóstica de la TCMD. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la concordancia entre la TCMD y la CI y evaluar la influencia de la PC en ella. Métodos: Se incluyó a 266 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a evaluación por TCMD de 64 cortes y por CI. Se utilizó el software habitual para la PC mediante el método Agatston. Un observador clasificó cualitativamente y de manera enmascarada las estenosis como leve, moderada o grave, y se compararon con los resultados obtenidos por la CI, utilizada como método de referencia. Resultados: La media de edad de los pacientes era 65,4 ± 11,2 años, y 188 (70,3%) eran varones. Se evaluó cualitativamente y se cuantificó por TCMD un total de 484 segmentos con estenosis coronaria al menos leve. Las mediciones no invasivas concordaban con la CI en 402 estenosis (el 83,05%; kappa = 0,684), sin diferencias significativas entre vasos y sin una influencia estadística significativa de la PC en la concordancia (OR = 0,93; IC95%, 0,76-1,09; p = 0,21). La TCMD tuvo sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo altos en los análisis por segmento, por vaso y por paciente. Conclusiones: La coronariografía no invasiva mediante TCMD mostró buena concordancia con la CI en la cuantificación cualitativa de las estenosis coronarias, y la PC no tuvo un impacto significativo en esa concordancia (AU)


Introduction and objectives: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has been demonstrated as a feasible alternative to invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, contradictory results have been reported regarding the effect of coronary artery calcium score (CS) on the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT. Our aim was to assess the agreement of MDCT and ICA and to evaluate the influence of CS on this agreement. Methods: We enrolled 266 consecutive patients who underwent evaluation with 64-slice MDCT and ICA. Standard CS software tools were used to calculate the Agatston score. Stenosis was qualitatively classified as mild, moderate, or severe by 1 blinded observer and the results were compared with those of ICA, which was used as the gold standard. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.4 11.2 years, and 188 patients (70.3%) were men. A total of 484 segments with coronary stenosis mild were qualitatively evaluated and quantified with MDCT. Noninvasive measurements were concordant with ICA in 402 stenoses (83.05%; Kappa, 0.684), with no significant differences between vessels and with no statistically significant influence of CS on this agreement (OR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.76-1.09; P = .21). Multidetector computed tomography had high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value on a per-segment, per-vessel, and per-patient basis. Conclusions: Non-ICA using MDCT showed good agreement with ICA in the qualitative quantification coronary stenosis and CS had no significant impact on this agreement (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , 24960/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , 28599
6.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(9): 735-742, sept. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-178779

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Las válvulas SAPIEN 3 (S3) y Medtronic Evolut R (EVR) son prótesis transcatéter de segunda generación, diseñadas para reducir el grado de insuficiencia aórtica (IAo) paravalvular. El objetivo es comparar la hemodinámica valvular en un estudio de casos emparejados con análisis ecocardiográfico independiente. Métodos: De una población de 201 pacientes tratados con implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica, se emparejó a un total de 144 (S3, n = 80; EVR, n = 64) en función del diámetro del anillo y de la puntuación de calcio aórtico medidos por tomografía computarizada. Los ecocardiogramas de seguimiento basal, al mes y a los 6 meses se analizaron de manera independiente y centralizada. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias respecto a las características basales clínicas y ecocardiográficas. La prótesis EVR mostró un mejor perfil hemodinámico evaluado mediante gradiente aórtico máximo (EVR frente a S3, 13 ± 7 frente a 20 ± 10; p < 0,001), gradiente aórtico medio (7 ± 3 frente a 11 ± 6; p < 0,001) e índice de velocidad Doppler (0,65 ± 0,15 frente a 0,51 ± 0,16; p < 0,001). Por otro lado, la tasa de IAo paravalvular moderada-grave o de cualquier grado de IAo paravalvular (≥ leve) fue mayor en el grupo de EVR (el 11 y el 50%) que en el de S3 (el 2,5 y el 21%; p < 0,05), con mayor número de chorros regurgitantes (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: En una cohorte de casos emparejados tratados con implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica de segunda generación, la S3 se asoció con una menor tasa de IAo paravalvular y mayor gradiente transprotésico residual que con la EVR


Introduction and objectives: The SAPIEN 3 (S3) valve and the Medtronic Evolut R (EVR) are second-generation transcatheter valves, designed to further reduce the rate of paravalvular aortic regurgitation (AoR). The aim of this study was to compare the 2 devices in terms of valve performance in a case-matched study with independent echocardiographic analysis. Methods: Of a population of 201 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation, 144 patients (S3, n = 80; EVR, n = 64) were matched according to aortic annulus diameter and aortic valve calcium score, as assessed by computed tomography. All echocardiographic examinations collected at baseline and at 1- and 6-month follow-up were centrally analyzed. Results: The 2 groups were well balanced in baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. The EVR valve showed a better hemodynamic profile as assessed by peak aortic gradient (EVR 13 ± 7 vs S3 20 ± 10 mmHg; P < .001), mean aortic gradient (EVR 7 ± 3 vs S3 11 ± 6 mmHg; P < .001), and Doppler velocity index (EVR 0.65 ± 0.15 vs S3 0.51 ± 0.16; P < .001). The rate of moderate-severe or any paravalvular (≥ mild) AoR was higher in the EVR group (11% and 50%) than in the S3 group (2.5% and 21%; P < .05, respectively), with a larger number of paravalvular jets (P < .001). Conclusions: In a case-matched cohort of transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients, the S3 valve was associated with a lower rate of paravalvular AoR but also with a higher residual gradient than the EVR system


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Stents Metálicos Autoexpansíveis , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/classificação , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/classificação
9.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(supl.1): 116-131, ene. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-123018

RESUMO

En este artículo se realiza una revisión de las aportaciones más relevantes del ecocardiograma, la resonancia magnética y la tomografía computarizada a la cardiología que han sido publicadas durante 2009. En este periodo, hemos asistido a la consolidación, en distintos contextos clínicos, de parámetros de deformación miocárdica que nos han permitido comprender mejor tanto la función sistólica como la diastólica de ambos ventrículos. La ecocardiografía tridimensional en tiempo real ha abierto nuevas vías para seleccionar y monitorizar mejor a los candidatos a un creciente número de procedimientos intervencionistas no coronarios, tales como el implante percutáneo de prótesis valvulares aórticas o la reparación mitral percutánea. La resonancia magnética se ha convertido definitivamente en la técnica de elección para el estudio de entidades diferentes, como la miocarditis y varios tipos de miocardiopatías, y se ha asentado como el patrón de referencia en la práctica clínica para la determinación del tamaño del infarto y el área de miocardio en riesgo. Las posibilidades diagnósticas de la tomografía computarizada en el diagnóstico cardiológico se ven confirmadas en grandes ensayos multicéntricos (AU)


This article contains a review of the most important contributions made by echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to the field of cardiology in 2009. During this period, we helped establish values for myocardial deformation parameters in a number of different clinical settings that have enabled us to achieve better understanding of systolic and diastolic function in both ventricles. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography has provided new ways to improve the selection and monitoring of potential candidates for an increasing number of no coronary interventions, such aspercutaneous aortic valve implantation and percutaneous mitral valve repair. Magnetic resonance imaging has clearly become the technique of choice for studying arange of different conditions, such as myocarditis and various forms of cardiomyopathy, and is now established as the reference standard in clinical practice for determining the sizes of infarcts and myocardial areas at risk. The diagnostic potential of computed tomography for assessing heart disease has been confirmed in large multicenter trials (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Ecocardiografia/tendências , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/tendências , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Função Ventricular , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca
10.
Rev. esp. cardiol. Supl. (Ed. impresa) ; 6(supl.H): 29h-38h, 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-166196

RESUMO

Los fármacos anticoagulantes y antiagregantes, junto con intervencionismo coronario, son la base del tratamiento del síndrome coronario sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST). Diferentes estudios han mostrado que la estrategia intervencionista con coronariografía y revascularización precoz es la que ofrece mejor resultado clínico en pacientes de alto riesgo. El tratamiento médico asociado puede modificar tanto el pronóstico de la enfermedad como el resultado de la revascularización coronaria. Hasta el momento, la aspirina, el clopidogrel y la heparina (no fraccionada o de bajo peso molecular) se consideran el tratamiento estándar en la mayor parte de los pacientes con SCASEST, y los inhibidores de los receptores de la glucoproteína IIb/IIIa, en los de alto riesgo, aunque persisten dudas acerca del resultado, el momento y la dosis de la asociación de clopidogrel y los inhibidores de la glucoproteína IIb/IIIa. Sin embargo, los buenos resultados clínicos demostrados por el fondaparinux respecto al uso de enoxaparina y la disminución de hemorragias observada con la bivalirudina en comparación con la asociación de heparina e inhibidores de la glucoproteína IIb/IIIa en 2 recientes estudios obligan a replantear el tratamiento actual de los SCASEST (AU)


Treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) is based on anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy along with coronary revascularization. Numerous studies have shown that an invasive strategy involving early coronary angiography and revascularization provides the best clinical outcome in high-risk patients. Associated medical treatment can change both disease prognosis and the result of coronary revascularization. To date, treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel and (unfractionated or low-molecular-weight) heparin is considered standard therapy for most patients with NSTEACS, with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors being given to high-risk patients. However, there is still some uncertainty about treatment outcomes, timing and dosage when clopidogrel is given with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. In addition, the better clinical results obtained with fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin, and the reduction in bleeding observed with bivalirudin relative to that seen with combination treatment with heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, as reported in two recent studies, necessitate the re-evaluation of current treatment for NSTEACS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Trombina/antagonistas & inibidores
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