RESUMO
Brain aging is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of conserved RNAs with covalently closed continuous loops. Emerging evidence has shown that circRNAs are implicated in the biology of brain aging and the pathology of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize current studies on circRNAs associated with brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases by discussing their expression features, pathophysiological roles, and mechanisms of action. We also discuss the potential challenges of circRNA-based therapy against brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their potential as diagnostic biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. The review provides insights into current progress in the functions of circRNAs in the process of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Doenças Neurodegenerativas , RNA Circular , Humanos , RNA Circular/genética , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética , RNA/genética , Envelhecimento/genética , EncéfaloRESUMO
Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is a direct transcription product of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), and it plays important roles in viral genome amplification and replication. This study was designed to investigate whether serum pgRNA is a strong alternative marker for reflecting HBV cccDNA levels and to analyze the correlation between serum pgRNA, serum HBV DNA, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). A total of 400 HBV-infected patients who received nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy with different clinical outcomes were involved in this research. Case groups included asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carrier (ASC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, with 100 patients in each group. The results showed that the levels of HBV pgRNA had significant differences between these 4 groups. Serum pgRNA levels correlated well with serum HBV DNA and HBsAg levels (HBV pgRNA levels versus HBV DNA levels, r = 0.58, P < 0.001; HBV pgRNA levels versus HBsAg levels, r = 0.47, P < 0.001). In addition, we focused on the 108 HBV-infected patients with HBV DNA levels of <500 IU/ml; it was surprising to find that in 17.57% (13/74) of cases, HBV pgRNA could be detected even when the HBV DNA level was below 20 IU/ml. In conclusion, HBV pgRNA levels in serum can be a surrogate marker for intrahepatic HBV cccDNA compared with serum HBV DNA and HBsAg. The detection of serum HBV pgRNA levels may provide a reference for clinical monitoring of cccDNA levels and the selection of appropriate timing for discontinuing antiviral therapy, especially when HBV DNA levels are below the detection limit.
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DNA Circular/sangue , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , RNA Viral/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Portador Sadio/virologia , Feminino , Hepatite B/tratamento farmacológico , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/genética , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos E da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Humanos , Fígado/virologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Viral , Replicação Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cavernous hemangioma, a benign soft tissue and intramuscular tumor, is commonly located in the head, neck, and maxillofacial regions. They can sometimes occur in the limbs and trunk, although rarely. Treatment of cavernous hemangiomas includes surgical and nonsurgical means. Cases of extensive diffused cavernous hemangiomas of an entire limb are rare. In this case presentation, we report the case of chronic diffused cavernous hemangioma associated with venous calculi of the right upper limb and back in a 31-year-old Chinese man. Due to the long history, chronic articular impairments and extensive damage to the skeletal and musculature, surgical amputation of the limb was performed. The aim of this report is to provide further understanding of treatment prioritization and the risks of delayed treatment of cavernous hemangiomas.
Assuntos
Dorso/irrigação sanguínea , Cálculos/etiologia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/complicações , Extremidade Superior/irrigação sanguínea , Calcificação Vascular/etiologia , Veias , Adulto , Amputação Cirúrgica , Dorso/cirurgia , Cálculos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cálculos/cirurgia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemangioma Cavernoso/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Tempo para o Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Extremidade Superior/cirurgia , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcificação Vascular/cirurgia , Veias/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used to treat malignant tumors. Our previous studies indicated that connexin (Cx) 32- and Cx26-composed gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) could improve the phototoxicity of PDT. However, the role of heterotypic Cx32/Cx26-formed GJIC in PDT phototoxicity is still unknown. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Cx32/Cx26-formed GJIC on PDT efficacy. METHODS: CCK8 assay was used to detect cell survival after PDT. Western blot assay was utilized to detect Cx32/Cx26 expression. "Parachute" dye-coupling assay was performed to measure the function of GJ channels. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were determined using flow cytometer. ELISA assay was performed to detect the intracellular levels of PGE2 and cAMP. RESULTS: The present study demonstrates there is a Cx32/Cx26-formed GJIC-dependent reduction of phototoxicity when cells were exposure to low concentration of Photofrin. Such a protective action is missing at low cell density due to the lack of GJ coupling. Under high-cell density condition, where there is opportunity for the cells to contact each other and form GJ, suppressing Cx32/Cx26-formed GJIC by either inhibiting the expression of Cx32/Cx26 or pretreating with GJ channel inhibitor augments PDT phototoxicity after cells were treated with at 2.5 µg/ml Photofrin. The above results suggest that at low Photofrin concentration, the presence of Cx32/Cx26-formed GJIC may decrease the phototoxicity of PDT, leading to the insensitivity of malignant cells to PDT treatment. The GJIC-mediated PDT insensitivity was associated with Ca2+ and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: The present study provides a cautionary note that for tumors expressing Cx32/Cx26, the presence of Cx32/Cx26-composed GJIC may cause the resistance of tumor cells to PDT. Oppositely, treatment strategies designed to downregulate the expression of Cx32/Cx26 or restrain the function of Cx32/Cx26-mediated GJIC may increase the sensitivity of malignant cell to PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:301-308, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Comunicação Celular/efeitos da radiação , Conexina 26/fisiologia , Conexinas/fisiologia , Junções Comunicantes/efeitos da radiação , Células HeLa/efeitos da radiação , Fotoquimioterapia/efeitos adversos , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Éter de Diematoporfirina/farmacologia , Células HeLa/patologia , Humanos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Proteína beta-1 de Junções ComunicantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dysfunctions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) have been associated with the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the clinicopathologic significance and potential role of lncRNA PTTG3P (pituitary tumor-transforming 3, pseudogene) in HCC remains largely unknown. METHODS: We compared the expression profiles of lncRNAs in 3 HCC tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by microarrays. In situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were applied to assess the level of PTTG3P and prognostic values of PTTG3P were assayed in two HCC cohorts (n = 46 and 90). Artificial modulation of PTTG3P (down- and over-expression) was performed to explore the role of PTTG3P in tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Involvement of PTTG1 (pituitary tumor-transforming 1), PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals were validated by qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS: We found that PTTG3P was frequently up-regulated in HCC and its level was positively correlated to tumor size, TNM stage and poor survival of patients with HCC. Enforced expression of PTTG3P significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, PTTG3P knockdown had opposite effects. Mechanistically, over-expression of PTTG3P up-regulated PTTG1, activated PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream signals including cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that PTTG3P, a valuable marker of HCC prognosis, promotes tumor growth and metastasis via up-regulating PTTG1 and activating PI3K/AKT signaling in HCC and might represent a potential target for gene-based therapy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Securina/genética , Regulação para Cima , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Metástase Neoplásica , Transplante de Neoplasias , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive tumor with a high fatality rate. It was recently found that parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) was frequently overexpressed in ICC compared with non-tumor tissue. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PTHLH in ICC development. METHODS: The CCK-8 assay, colony formation assays, flow cytometry and a xenograft model were used to examine the role of PTHLH in ICC cells proliferation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot assays were used to detect target proteins. Luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA pull-down assays were used to verify the transcription regulation of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2). RESULTS: PTHLH was significantly upregulated in ICC compared with adjacent and normal tissues. Upregulation of PTHLH indicated a poor pathological differentiation and intrahepatic metastasis. Functional study demonstrated that PTHLH silencing markedly suppressed ICC cells growth, while specific overexpression of PTHLH has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, secreted PTHLH could promote ICC cell growth by activating extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, and subsequently upregulated ATF2 and cyclinD1 expression. Further study found that the promoter activity of PTHLH were negatively regulated by ATF2, indicating that a negative feedback loop exists. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that the ICC-secreted PTHLH plays a characteristic growth-promoting role through activating the canonical ERK/JNK-ATF2-cyclinD1 signaling pathways in ICC development. We identified a negative feedback loop formed by ATF2 and PTHLH. In this study, we explored the therapeutic implication for ICC patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/metabolismo , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/metabolismo , Fator 2 Ativador da Transcrição/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Comunicação Autócrina/fisiologia , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/genética , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/genética , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Endócrinas Paraneoplásicas/genética , Síndromes Endócrinas Paraneoplásicas/metabolismo , Síndromes Endócrinas Paraneoplásicas/patologia , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/farmacologia , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To establish the integration of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and blood stasis syndrome tree shrew model. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) was used to intervene the model to testify the stability of the model. The level of blood stasis of each group in the tree shrew model was evaluated by analyzing five traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) characterizations, four blood coagulation indexes, plasma nitric oxide (NO) level, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in each group. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of brain hippocampal neuron cell of each group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to assay the ChAT and SYP levels in brain hippocampus of each group.The blood stasis characterization of the integration of disease and syndrome group was more obvious than the AD group, and that of the drug administration group was lower than that of the integration of disease and syndrome group. Aß1-42, APP, P-Tau, ChAT and SYP level of AD group were lower than those in the blank group, which were further reduced in the model of integration of disease and syndrome. However, the administration of PNS relieved the reduction, indicating that the AD and blood stasis integration syndrome tree shrew model is stable.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Panax notoginseng/química , Saponinas/farmacologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Musaranhos , Superóxido Dismutase/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the number one cause of death in Western countries and threatens to become the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as new players in gene regulation, but how long noncoding RNAs operate in the development of atherosclerosis remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Using microarray analysis, we found that long noncoding RNA RP5-833A20.1 expression was upregulated, whereas nuclear factor IA (NFIA) expression was downregulated in human acute monocytic leukemia macrophage-derived foam cells. Moreover, we showed that long noncoding RNA RP5-833A20.1 may decreases NFIA expression by inducing hsa-miR-382-5p expression in vitro. We found that the RP5-833A20.1/hsa-miR-382-5p/NFIA pathway is essential to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory responses in human acute monocytic leukemia macrophages. Lentivirus-mediated NFIA overexpression increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol circulation, reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol circulation, decreased circulation of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein, enhanced reverse cholesterol transport, and promoted regression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that the RP5-833A20.1/miR-382-5p/NFIA pathway was essential to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory reactions and suggested that NFIA may represent a therapeutic target to ameliorate cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Células Espumosas/metabolismo , Inflamação/imunologia , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição NFI/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Apolipoproteínas E/deficiência , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Aterosclerose/genética , Aterosclerose/imunologia , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Células CACO-2 , Colesterol/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Espumosas/imunologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Vetores Genéticos , Células Hep G2 , Homeostase , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Lentivirus/genética , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , MicroRNAs/genética , Fatores de Transcrição NFI/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina , Fatores de Tempo , TransfecçãoRESUMO
AIM: miR-548p is a recently identified and poorly characterized miRNA. However, its role of miR-548p in tumorigenesis and progression remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the biofunction of miR-548p in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. METHODS: The expression levels of miR-548p were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The role of miR-548p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was determined by colony formation, flow cytometry assay and nude mice xenograft experiments. miR-548p target genes were analyzed by miRNA target predication programs and verified by qRT-PCR, western blotting assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: miR-548p is repressed by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in HCC tumor tissues and hepatoma cells, and inhibited cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. miR-548p directly downregulated the expression of hepatitis B x-interacting protein (HBXIP) by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of HBXIP mRNA. Further study showed that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4a (HNF4A) promoted the expression of miR-548p and inhibited the transcription of HBXIP. HNF4A is a dominant transcriptional regulator of hepatocyte differentiation and hepatocellular carcinogenesis, and is shown to be repressed by HBx. CONCLUSION: We proposed the model for HBx/HNF4A/miR-548p/HBXIP pathway that controls hepatoma cell growth and tumorigenesis of HCC. miR-548p was identified as a tumor-suppressor in HBx-associated hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with an increasing incidence worldwide. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a novel apolipoprotein that is mainly expressed in liver and kidney tissues. However, the anti-tumor properties of apoM remain largely unknown. We evaluated the anti-tumor activities and mechanisms of apoM in HCC both in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay results showed that apoM was a potential target of hsa-miR-573 and was downregulated after transfection with hsa-miR-573 mimics. Overexpression of apoM suppressed migration, invasion, and proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro. Overexpression of hsa-miR-573 in hepatoma cells reduced apoM expression, leading to promotion of the invasion, migration, and proliferation of hepatoma cells in vitro. In addition, hsa-miR-573 markedly promoted growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice with an accompanying reduction in cell apoptosis. ApoM markedly inhibited growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice and promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, Bcl2A1 mRNA and protein levels were inhibited by apoM overexpression and an increase in apoptosis rate by apoM was markedly compensated by Bcl2A1 overexpression in HepG2 cells. These results provide evidence that hsa-miR-573 promoted tumor growth by inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and this pro-tumor effect might be mediated through Bcl2A1 in an apoM-dependent manner. Therefore, our findings may be useful to improve understanding of the critical effects of hsa-miR-573 and apoM in HCC pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Animais , Apolipoproteínas/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas M , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Hepatócitos/patologia , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Lipocalinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Menor , Invasividade Neoplásica , Transplante de Neoplasias , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high prevalence and lethality. However, the underlying mechanism for HCC has not been entirely elucidated. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in carcinogenesis, and it is suggested that they might play critical roles in HCC progression. Here, we will briefly introduce the biology of lncRNAs, emphasizing the mechanisms and emerging roles of HCC-related lncRNAs. To date, HCC-related lncRNAs are demonstrated to influence the life cycle of genes by various means including epigenetic silencing, splicing regulation, lncRNA-miRNA interaction, lncRNA-protein interaction and genetic variation. Moreover, they can participate in diverse biological processes involved in HCC progression through impacts upon cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis and angiogenesis. Since lncRNA can present in body fluid and have good specificity and accessibility, some HCC-related lncRNAs are suggested to be useful as novel potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy. Those HCC-related lncRNAs may provide potential novel therapeutic targets for HCC and other diseases.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Apoptose , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/irrigação sanguínea , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Epigênese Genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Neovascularização Patológica , Splicing de RNARESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-3ß (HNF-3ß) plays a critical role in hepatocyte differentiation and controls liver-specific gene expression during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular basis of this process has not been fully elucidated. microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful, post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Whether miRNAs can impact the effects of HNF-3ß in HCC is still unknown. METHODS: HNF-3ß and miR-141 expression levels were detected in HepG2 cells, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Luciferase reporter assays and Western blots were used to validate HNF-3ß as a direct target gene of miR-141. Cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were also examined to confirm whether miR-141 could impact on HNF-3ß in HCC. RESULTS: In this study, we found that HNF-3ß protein levels were consistently upregulated in HCC clinical tissues compared with matched normal adjacent tissues. However, the mRNA levels of HNF-3ß varied in random tissues, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in its regulation. We used bioinformatic analyses to search for miRNAs that could potentially target HNF-3ß, and identified specific targeting sites for miR-141 in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the HNF-3ß gene. By overexpressing miR-141 in HepG2 cells, we experimentally validated that miR-141 directly regulated HNF-3ß expression. Furthermore, the biological consequences of targeting HNF-3ß by miR-141 were examined using cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis assays in vitro. We demonstrated that the repression of HNF-3ß by miR-141 suppressed the proliferation and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: miR-141 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC cells through the inhibition of HNF-3ß translation.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Fator 3-beta Nuclear de Hepatócito/genética , Fator 3-beta Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Apoptose , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Invasividade NeoplásicaRESUMO
Neuroinflammation has been proven to drive cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative diseases. It has been demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that the transfer of exogenous mitochondria may be beneficial to the therapy of cognitive impairment induced by neuroinflammation. In the study, the effect of exogenous mitochondria on cognitive impairment induced by neuroinflammation was investigated. The results showed that mitochondrial treatment ameliorated the cognitive performance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. Additionally, mitochondrial therapy attenuated neuronal injury and down-regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and pro- and cleaved IL-1ß, and the expression of Iba-1 and GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex of LPS-treated mice. Additionally, mitochondrial treatment increased mitochondrial ΔΨm, ATP level, and SOD activity and attenuated MDA level and ROS production in the brains of LPS-treated mice. The study reports the beneficial effect of mitochondrial treatment against cognitive impairment of LPS-treated mice, thereby providing a potential strategy for the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation.
RESUMO
Objective: We aimed to investigate the association and diagnostic value of monocyte distribution width (MDW) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: MDW levels were measured in 483 individuals (103 CHB, 77 LC, 153 HCC, and 150 controls). MDW was detected using UniCel Dx900 for specific cell volume parameters and the distribution of cell volumes. Results: Our findings revealed a dynamic upward change in MDW levels across different stages of chronic liver disease, from CHB to LC and HCC. In CHB, MDW levels were highest among HBeAg-positive CHB patients and exhibited a negative correlation with HBV markers while positively correlating with ALT levels. In LC, MDW showed a positive association with the pathological progression of LC, demonstrating consistency with CP scores. MDW proved to be equally effective as traditional detection for diagnosing LC. In HCC, MDW was positively correlated with HCC occurrence and development, with higher levels observed in the high MDW group, which also exhibited elevated AFP levels, MELD scores, and 90-day mortality rates. MDW surpassed predictive models in its effectiveness for diagnosing HCC, as well as CHB and LC, with respective areas under the curve of 0.882, 0.978, and 0.973. Furthermore, MDW emerged as an independent predictor of HCC. Conclusion: MDW holds significant diagnostic efficacy in identifying CHB, LC, and HCC. These findings suggest that MDW could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting the severity of liver diseases and aid in rational clinical treatment strategies.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatite B Crônica , Cirrose Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Monócitos , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatite B Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite B Crônica/complicações , Adulto , Monócitos/imunologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Biomarcadores , Idoso , Curva ROC , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the progression of vascular dementia (VaD). We hypothesized that transfer of exogenous mitochondria might be a beneficial strategy for VaD treatment. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial therapy in cognitive function of VaD. METHODS: The activity and integrity of isolated mitochondria were detected using MitoTracker and Janus Green B staining assays. After VaD mice were intravenously injected with exogenous mitochondria, Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to detect cognitive function of VaD mice. Haematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, TUNEL, and Golgi staining assays were utilized to measure neuronal and synaptic injury in the hippocampus of VaD mice. Detection kits were performed to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), SOD activity and the levels of ATP, ROS, and MDA in the brains of VaD mice. RESULTS: The results showed that isolated mitochondria were intact and active. Mitochondrial therapy could ameliorate cognitive performance of VaD mice. Additionally, mitochondrial administration could attenuate hippocampal neuronal and synaptic injury, improve mitochondrial ΔΨ, ATP level and SOD activity, and reduce ROS and MDA levels in the brains of VaD mice. CONCLUSIONS: The study reports profitable effect of mitochondrial therapy against cognitive impairment of VaD, making mitochondrial treatment become a promising therapeutic strategy for VaD.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Demência Vascular , Camundongos , Animais , Demência Vascular/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismoRESUMO
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is probably the most widely used intravenous hypnotic agent in daily practice. However, its anti-inflammatory properties have seldom been addressed. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of propofol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro and found that propofol markedly inhibited LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, and IL-6, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). At the same time, the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) and apolipoprotein M (APOM) was inhibited by treatment with LPS and LPS-induced down-regulation of HNF-1α expression and APOM expression could be compensated by propofol treatment. However, propofol could not compensate LPS-induced down-regulation of APOM expression by treatment with HNF-1α siRNA and the suppressive effect on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production by propofol was significantly compensated by treatment with APOM siRNA. These results provide evidence that propofol may first up-regulate APOM expression by enhancing HNF-1α expression and then inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated cells. Therefore, our study may be useful in understanding the critical effect of propofol in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Apolipoproteínas/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Lipocalinas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição NFI/metabolismo , Propofol/farmacologia , Animais , Apolipoproteínas M , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Fator 1-alfa Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) on the activity and content of beta-secretase in the brain of senescence accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Totally 32 SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the high dose PNS group (200 mg/kg), the low dose group (100 mg/kg), and the huperzine A group (0.3 mg/kg), 8 in each group. Equal volume of double distilled water was given to those in the normal control group. All medication was given by gastrogavage, once daily for two successive months. The activity of BACE1 was assayed by direct immunofluorescent method (DIF). The content of BACE1 protein was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The relative fluorescence units (RFU/microg) was 2.008 +/- 0.031 in the high dose PNS group, 2.221 +/- 0.029 in the low dose PNS group, and 2.267 +/- 0.076 in the huperzine A group, all lower than that in the normal control group (2.403 +/- 0.058; all P < 0.01). The content of BACE1 protein was 0.900 +/- 0.028 in the high dose PNS group, 1.000 +/- 0.032 in the low dose PNS group, and 0.837 +/- 0.080 in the huperzine A group, all lower than that in the normal control group (2.210 +/- 0.074, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PNS higher than 100 mg/kg could decrease the activity of BACE1 and down-regulate the content of BACE1 protein in the brain of SAMP8 mice.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Panax notoginseng , Saponinas/farmacologia , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Camundongos , RNA Mensageiro/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of extracts from the leaves of Phyllanthus emblica (PLFs) on the immune function of mice. METHODS: 70 Kunming mice were choosed to conduct the acute toxicity test of PLFs. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: PLFs high-dosage group, mid-dosage group, low-dosage group and control group. The high,mid,low-dosage groups were treated with PLFs 1.982, 0.991 and 0.496 g/kg respectively per day. The same volume of double distilled water was given to the control group. All by intragastric administration for 7 d. The animals were killed and indexes of thymus and spleen were calculated. The expurgation index K and phagocyte index a were detected after the mice being injected with a dilute India ink through caudal vein. In addition, prepared spleen cells conventionally,the activity of Natural Killer cells was measured and the proliferation of T and B cells were detected. The effect of the extracts on serum hemolysin was detected after the SRBC was injected into the enterocoelia. RESULTS: The LD50 of PLFs was 9. 911 g/kg. Compared with the control group, the indexes of thymus and spleen in the treatment groups had no markedly difference (P > 0.05). The high- and mid-dosage groups could obviously improve the expurgation index K (P < 0.05), phagocyte index alpha (P < 0.05) and NK cell activity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The extracts from Phyllanthus emblica leaves can promote nonspecific immunity immune function in mice.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Baço/imunologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Feminino , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Dose Letal Mediana , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/química , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/citologia , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/imunologia , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To explore the expression and role of ATPase cation transporting 13A2 (ATP13A2) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and prognosis. METHODS: The level of ATP13A2 in 63 HCC tissues was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Then, the prognostic value of ATP13A2 for HCC was explored. GO and KEGG pathway enrichments were performed to predict ATP13A2-mediated biological functions. Besides, the correlations between ATP13A2 and key regulators involved in cell cycle and metastasis, the status of different tumor-infiltrating immune cells was investigated. RESULTS: ATP13A2 was frequently upregulated in 63 HCC tissues relatively to matched non-tumor tissues. The level of ATP13A2 significantly correlated with tumor stage and tumor grade. HCC patients with higher levels of ATP13A2 had a worse prognosis. Moreover, multivariate survival analysis supported ATP13A2 to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC. GO and KEGG analysis indicated a potential role of ATP13A2 on regulating cell cycle, metastasis, and immune infiltrates. Especially, the level of ATP13A2 was positively correlated with CCNB1, CCND3, CDC25B, CDK4, Vimentin, MMP9, MMP14, and LMNB2. A positive correlation was noticed between ATP13A2 and infiltration levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, and exhausted T cells in HCC. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of ATP13A2 is a common feature as well as an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC. ATP13A2 are associated with key regulators involved in cell cycle, metastasis, and immune infiltrates in HCC, and may act as a potential immunotherapy target for HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Prognóstico , Biomarcadores , Biomarcadores Tumorais , ATPases Translocadoras de PrótonsRESUMO
PURPOSE: AFP appears to be negative in about 30% of overall hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aimed to develop a nomogram model to diagnose AFP-negative HCC (AFPN-HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The training set included 294 AFPN-HCC patients, 159 healthy objects, 63 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB), and 64 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). And the validation set enrolled 137 healthy controls objects, 47 CHB patients and 45 patients with LC. LASSO, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to construct the model and then transformed into a visualized nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were further used for validation. RESULTS: Four variables including age, PIVKA-II, platelet (PLT) counts, and prothrombin time (PT) were selected to establish the nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC to distinguish AFPN-HCC patients was 0.937(95% CI 0.892-0.938) in training set and 0.942(95% CI 0.921-0.963) in validation set. We also found that the model had high diagnostic value for small-size HCC (tumor size < 5 cm) (AUC = 0.886) and HBV surface antigen-positive AFPN-HCC (AUC = 0.883). CONCLUSIONS: Our model was effective for discrimination of AFPN-HCC from patients with benign liver diseases and healthy controls, and might be helpful for the diagnosis for AFPN-HCC.