Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Ta/CoFeB/MgO/Ta Thin Films on Deformable Substrates with Magnetic Field Angle and Tensile Strain.

Recently, the application of cobalt iron boron (CoFeB) thin films in magnetic sensors has been widely studied owing to their high magnetic moment, anisotropy, and stability. However, most of these studies were conducted on rigid silicon substrates. For diverse applications of magnetic and angle sensors, it is important to explore the properties of ferromagnetic thin films grown on nonrigid deformable substrates. In this study, representative deformable substrates (polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)), which can be bent or stretched, were used to assess the in-plane magnetic field angle-dependent properties of amorphous Ta/CoFeB/MgO/Ta thin films grown on deformable substrates. The effects of substrate roughness, tensile stress, deformable substrate characteristics, and sputtering on magnetic properties, such as the coercive field (Hc), remanence over saturation magnetization (Mr/Ms), and biaxial characteristics, were investigated. This study presents an unconventional foundation for exploring deformable magnetic sensors capable of detecting magnetic field angles.

High-Dose Daptomycin and Clinical Applications.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence for high-dose daptomycin (doses ≥ 8 mg/kg/d). DATA SOURCES: A PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was performed (January 2000 to December 2020) using the search terms daptomycin, high dose, and dosing. Review article references and society guidelines were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical trials, observational studies, retrospective studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews reporting on high-dose daptomycin were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Experimentally, daptomycin outperforms other antimicrobials for high inoculum and biofilm-associated infections. Clinically, high-dose daptomycin is supported as salvage and first-line therapy for endocarditis and bacteremia, primarily when caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (when vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration is >1 mg/L) and Enterococcus. High-dose daptomycin appears effective for osteomyelitis and central nervous system infections, although comparative studies are lacking. High dosing in renal replacement therapy requires considering clearance modality to achieve exposures like normal renal function. Weight-based dosing in obesity draws concern for elevated exposures, although high doses have not been evaluated kinetically in obesity. Some data show benefits of high doses in overweight populations. Burn patients clear daptomycin more rapidly, and high doses may only achieve drug exposures similar to standard doses (6 mg/kg). RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE: This review analyzes the efficacy and safety of high-dose daptomycin in serious gram-positive infections. Discussion of specific infectious etiologies and patient populations should encourage clinicians to evaluate their daptomycin dosing standards. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of high-dose daptomycin and limited safety concerns encourage clinicians to consider high-dose daptomycin more liberally in severe gram-positive infections.

Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-3 (hENT3) spectrum disorder mutations impair nucleoside transport, protein localization, and stability.

Accumulating evidence reveals that sole mutations in hENT3 cause a spectrum of human genetic disorders. Among these include H syndrome, characterized by scleroderma, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatomegaly, cardiac abnormalities and musculoskeletal deformities, pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes syndrome, characterized by autoantibody-negative diabetes mellitus and skin deformities, familial Rosai-Dorfman disease, characterized by short stature, familial histiocytosis and sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), characterized by severe tissue infiltration of immune cells and swollen lymph nodes. hENT3 spectrum disorders share a common mutation and share overlapping clinical manifestations that display many intriguing resemblances to mitochondrial and lysosomal disorders. Although earlier studies identify hENT3 as a mitochondrial and a lysosomal nucleoside transporter, the precise connections between hENT3 and the pathophysiology of these disorders remain unresolved. In this study, we performed functional and biochemical characterization of these mutations in hENT3. We report severe reductions/losses of hENT3 nucleoside transport functions of hENT3 syndrome mutants. In addition to transport alterations, we provide evidence for possible loss of hENT3 functions in all H and pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes syndromes due to either mistrafficking or altered stability of mutant hENT3 proteins.