Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide after COVID-19: A prospective cohort study (the SECURe study).

Many patients exhibit persistently reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, dual test gas diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (DL,CO,NO) metrics and their relationship to disease severity and physical performance were examined in patients who previously had COVID-19. An initial cohort of 148 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 of all severities between March 2020 and March 2021 had a DL,CO,NO measurement performed using the single-breath method at 5.7 months follow-up. All patients with at least one abnormal DL,CO,NO metric (n = 87) were revaluated at 12.5 months follow-up. The DL,CO,NO was used to provide the pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DL,NO), the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL,CO,5s), the alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity and the pulmonary capillary blood volume. At both 5.7 and 12.5 months, physical performance was assessed using a 30 s sit-to-stand test and the 6 min walk test. Approximately 60% of patients exhibited a severity-dependent decline in at least one DL,CO,NO metric at 5.7 months follow-up. At 12.5 months, both DL,NO and DL,CO,5s had returned towards normal but still remained abnormal in two-thirds of the patients. Concurrently, improvements in physical performance were observed, but with no apparent relationship to any DL,CO,NO metric. The severity-dependent decline in DL,NO and DL,CO observed at 5.7 months after COVID-19 appears to be reduced consistently at 12.5 months follow-up in the majority of patients, despite marked improvements in physical performance.

Trends in underlying causes of death in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients over the last decade.

OBJECTIVES: Improved survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and an increasingly comorbid transplant population may give rise to new trends in the causes of death. METHODS: This study includes all adult allogeneic HCT recipients transplanted at Rigshospitalet between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019. Underlying causes of death were determined using the Classification of Death Causes after Transplantation (CLASS) method. RESULTS: Among 802 HCT recipients, 289 died during the study period. The main causes of death were relapse (N = 133, 46.0%), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (N = 64, 22.1%) and infections (N = 35, 12.1%). Multivariable analyses showed that with increasing transplant calendar year, a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97) and death from GvHD (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.97) was identified, but not for other specific causes. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause mortality decreased from 23.8 (95% CI 19.1-28.5) to 18.4 (95% CI 15.0-21.9) for patients transplanted in 2010-2014 versus 2015-2019, while SMR for patients who died from GvHD decreased from 8.19 (95% CI 5.43-10.94) to 3.65 (95% CI 2.13-5.18). CONCLUSIONS: As risk of all-cause mortality and death from GvHD decreases, death from relapse remains the greatest obstacle in further improvement of survival after HCT.

Treatment of primary plasma cell leukaemia with carfilzomib and lenalidomide-based therapy (EMN12/HOVON-129): final analysis of a non-randomised, multicentre, phase 2 study.

BACKGROUND: Primary plasma cell leukaemia is a rare and aggressive plasma cell disorder with a poor prognosis. The aim of the EMN12/HOVON-129 study was to improve the outcomes of patients with primary plasma cell leukaemia by incorporating carfilzomib and lenalidomide in induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy. METHODS: The EMN12/HOVON-129 study is a non-randomised, phase 2, multicentre study conducted at 19 academic centres and hospitals in seven European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Norway, The Netherlands, and the UK) for previously untreated patients with primary plasma cell leukaemia aged 18 years or older. Inclusion criteria were newly diagnosed primary plasma cell leukaemia (defined as >2 ×109 cells per L circulating monoclonal plasma cells or plasmacytosis >20% of the differential white cell count) and WHO performance status 0-3. Patients aged 18-65 years (younger patients) and 66 years or older (older patients) were treated in age-specific cohorts and were analysed separately. Younger patients were treated with four 28-day cycles of carfilzomib (36 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16), lenalidomide (25 mg orally on days 1-21), and dexamethasone (20 mg orally on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23). Carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) induction was followed by double autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), four cycles of KRd consolidation, and then maintenance with carfilzomib (27 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 2, 15, and 16 for the first 12 28-day cycles, and then 56 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 in all subsequent cycles) and lenalidomide (10 mg orally on days 1-21) until progression. Patients who were eligible for allogeneic HSCT, could also receive a single autologous HSCT followed by reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic HSCT and then carfilzomib-lenalidomide maintenance. Older patients received eight cycles of KRd induction followed by maintenance therapy with carfilzomib and lenalidomide until progression. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. The primary analysis population was the intention-to-treat population, irrespective of the actual treatment received. Data from all participants who received any study drug were included in the safety analyses. The trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl (until June 2022) and https://trialsearch.who.int/ as NTR5350; recruitment is complete and this is the final analysis. FINDINGS: Between Oct 23, 2015, and Aug 5, 2021, 61 patients were enrolled and received KRd induction treatment (36 patients aged 18-65 years [20 (56%) were male and 16 (44%) female], and 25 aged ≥66 years [12 (48%) were male and 13 (52%) female]). With a median follow-up of 43·5 months (IQR 27·7-67·8), the median progression-free survival was 15·5 months (95% CI 9·4-38·4) for younger patients. For older patients, median follow-up was 32·0 months (IQR 24·7-34·6), and median progression-free survival was 13·8 months (95% CI 9·2-35·5). Adverse events were most frequently observed directly after treatment initiation, with infections (two of 36 (6%) younger patients and eight of 25 (32%) older patients) and respiratory events (two of 36 [6%] younger patients and four of 25 [16%] older patients) being the most common grade 3 or greater events during the first four KRd cycles. Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in 26 (72%) of 36 younger patients and in 19 (76%) of 25 older patients, with infections being the most common. Treatment-related deaths were reported in none of the younger patients and three (12%) of the older patients (two infections and one unknown cause of death). INTERPRETATION: Carfilzomib and lenalidomide-based therapy provides improved progression-free survival compared with previously published data. However, results remain inferior in primary plasma cell leukaemia compared with multiple myeloma, highlighting the need for new studies incorporating novel immunotherapies. FUNDING: Dutch Cancer Society, Celgene (a BMS company), and AMGEN.

Exploring everyday life dynamics in meat reduction - A cluster analysis of flexitarians in Denmark.

Exploring everyday life dynamics in meat reduction - a cluster analysis of flexitarians in Denmark. Flexitarians are attracting increasing attention in the research on meat reduction. But there has been limited focus on comprehensive understandings of a broader range of dynamics that can work as barriers and facilitators for meat reduction. In this article, we use social practice theory (SPT) as a comprehensive approach to barriers and facilitators in meat reduction in everyday life. We present an analysis of data from a representative Danish cross-sectional survey. We show, first, that Danish flexitarians can be divided into four distinct clusters (what we will refer to as classes) in accordance with combinations of everyday facilitators and barriers. Second, we show that the prevalence of these classes varies considerably depending on how long people have been flexitarians. We argue that the patterns in this variation indicate that over time people transition to other classes where barriers to plant-rich eating become less significant, and routinization emerges in different ways. Finally, third, we show that flexitarians do report eating less meat than consumers who label themselves as eating meat with no restrictions. But we also highlight that the difference is relatively modest. Indeed, meat intake is still quite common even in classes where routinization is highest. Throughout the paper, we discuss similarities and differences between the SPT framework and another recent framework, the COM-B model, that also provides a comprehensive approach to the understanding of behavioural change.

Various ways towards animal product limiting - Practical and social engagements in initial phase of dietary change.

Reducing one's consumption of foods containing animal products, or avoiding such foods altogether, has become part of everyday life for many people in the Western world. People's motivations for such "animal product limiting" are well-established, but the ways in which individuals enact and experience dietary change in the initial phase are not well understood. Nor is it clear whether, and how, these people present their dietary changes to others. Through the analysis of interviews with 28 people residing in Denmark who had recently (<9 months) embarked on flexitarian, pescetarian, vegetarian or vegan diets, this paper explores how people, in the initial phase of trying to consume fewer, or no, foods with animal products, (i) engage in the practicalities of daily food activities and (ii) communicate their experiences with, and opinions about, the dietary changes they are making in interpersonal interactions. The findings reveal two very different ways of organising the daily food activities: Foodism and Convenience. They also disclose three different ways of communicating in interpersonal interactions: Ethical advocacy, Plant food demonstration and Anonymisation of diet. The paper offers insights into the variation in practices underlying animal product limiting. It suggests that the plant food sector should cater for people relying on convenient food practices as well as those engaged in more advanced ("foodie") practices. Further, in discussing interpersonal communication in the light of community-based social marketing, we argue that the findings highlight how animal product limiters, in everyday social life, may be able to encourage more people to embark on animal product limiting.

Size matters in telomere biology disorders ‒ expanding phenotypic spectrum in patients with long or short telomeres.

The end of each chromosome consists of a DNA region termed the telomeres. The telomeres serve as a protective shield against degradation of the coding DNA sequence, as the DNA strand inevitably ‒ with each cell division ‒ is shortened. Inherited genetic variants cause telomere biology disorders when located in genes (e.g. DKC1, RTEL1, TERC, TERT) playing a role in the function and maintenance of the telomeres. Subsequently patients with telomere biology disorders associated with both too short or too long telomeres have been recognized. Patients with telomere biology disorders associated with short telomeres are at increased risk of dyskeratosis congenita (nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia, and hyper- or hypo-pigmentation of the skin), pulmonary fibrosis, hematologic disease (ranging from cytopenia to leukemia) and in rare cases very severe multiorgan manifestations and early death. Patients with telomere biology disorders associated with too long telomeres have in recent years been found to confer an increased risk of melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite this, many patients have an apparently isolated manifestation rendering telomere biology disorders most likely underdiagnosed. The complexity of telomere biology disorders and many causative genes makes it difficult to design a surveillance program which will ensure identification of early onset disease manifestation without overtreatment.

Perceptions of the rabbit as a low investment 'starter pet' lead to negative impacts on its welfare: Results of two Danish surveys.

Concerns over compromised companion rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) welfare are widespread. The welfare problems have been linked to the perception of rabbits as low investment 'children's pets.' To test this hypothesis and investigate the current conditions for rabbits, data were gathered from two surveys in 2021: a nationally representative survey of Danish companion animal owners (Survey I) and a detailed social media-based survey of Danish rabbit owners (Survey II). Using logistic regression, three owner-related variables (whether a child/adult was responsible for care of the rabbit, owner-opinion on rabbits' suitability as 'starter pets' and willingness-to-pay [WTP] for veterinary treatment) were employed to investigate the effect of rabbit status on owner-provision of selected husbandry conditions. The 76 (Survey I) and 4,335 (Survey II) responses suggested that most rabbits are acquired for children and are solitarily housed, and that many are kept in cages of an unsuitable size and not checked daily. Owners who perceived rabbits as 'starter pets' and with lower WTP were more likely to house rabbits in restricted space and to not provide continuous gnawing opportunities, ad libitum hay or routine healthcare. A child fulfilling the role of the rabbit's main caretaker was also associated with inadequate housing type and fewer gnawing opportunities. Thus, many rabbits live in unsuitable conditions, and owners who perceive rabbits as low investment 'children's pets' are more likely to not provide recommended resources. Changing owners' perceptions of rabbits and promoting suitable husbandry through official education programmes and minimum requirements is important if there are to be improvements made to rabbit welfare.

A prospective study of Skeletal survey versus Low-dose whole-body CT for Osteolytic lesions in Multiple Myeloma.

Whole-body low-dose CT (WBLDCT) is recommended over classical skeletal surveys (CSS) for investigating bone disease in multiple myeloma (MM) based on retrospective studies. No prospective studies with serial follow-up scans exist. OBJECTIVE: To compare WBLDCT to CSS for identifying progressive bone disease in MM in a prospective setting. METHODS: Ninety-six patients with MM at Odense University Hospital and Stavanger Hospital were followed for up to four years. Patients were scanned with WBLDCT and CSS every year for the first two years and every six months thereafter or at suspicion of progression. RESULTS: Nineteen cases of progressive bone disease were found using WBLDCT vs eight cases using CSS (p < 0.001). All cases of progressive bone disease using CSS were also identified by WBLDCT. Progression not found by CSS was primarily in the spine, sternum, and pelvis. Of the 19 cases, five patients had progressive bone disease only without other criteria for clinical progression. WBLDCT consistently identified more bone lesions per patient, 8.2 CI(6.8;9.6) vs CSS, 3.6 CI(2.7;4.5). CONCLUSION: WBLDCT outperformed CSS for finding progressive bone disease and osteolytic lesions. More new lesions were found during follow-up by WBLDCT than CSS. Using CSS for lytic lesions will underestimate progression rates. Our data offer prospective evidence for the current recommendation using WBLDCT for skeletal evaluations in patients with multiple myeloma.

Self-reported mental health in adolescents attending school and its association with later school dropout: A prospective 2.5-year follow-up study.

AIMS: Mental health problems in young people are associated with educational outcomes. There are persistent difficulties in screening for these problems and mapping the trajectories of mental health in relation to academic and work outcomes. We investigated whether Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in adolescents attending school were associated with school dropout in upper secondary school, both in adolescents with already recognised mental disorders and adolescents without known mental disorders. METHODS: The data consisted of a questionnaire targeting 13,100 adolescents attending the final year of compulsory school combined with data derived from a national register. SDQ scores were divided into normal, borderline and abnormal scores. School dropout in upper secondary school was identified during a 2.5-years follow-up period. We stratified the data by recognised mental disorders. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between SDQ scores and later school dropout with adjustment for parents' mental disorders, parents' educational level, sex, suicidal thoughts, school absence and negative childhood events. RESULTS: During follow-up, 18.5% of adolescents experienced school dropout. Adolescents with abnormally high SDQ scores and borderline SDQ scores had higher odds for school dropout than adolescents with SDQ scores in the normal range. The association remained in the adjusted analysis, although more covariates showed independent contributions in association with school dropout. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported SDQ scores in adolescents attending school were associated with later school dropout irrespective of recognised mental disorders, indicating that markers such as the SDQ might contribute to the identification of vulnerable adolescent groups, although the findings of multifactorial contributions suggest we should consider more indicators in a risk assessment for school dropout.

The utility of transbronchial lung biopsies to guide the treatment decision in patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

The role of transbronchial lung biopsies (TBB) in the diagnostic workup of systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease-associated interstitial lung disease (SIRD-ILD) is unclear and TBB is not generally recommended. The study objective was to examine the utility of TBB to guide treatment in a population of patients with SIRD-ILD. All patients from the Department of Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark, who had TBB performed, from 2002 to 2016 were identified. Patient demographics as well as smoking status, previous lung disease, pulmonary function test, SIRD-diagnosis, imaging results and immunomodulatory therapy pre- and post-bronchoscopy were obtained. Histology findings were used to dichotomize patients into a high-inflammatory group or a low-inflammatory group. The high-inflammation group primarily consisted of non-specific interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, lymphocytic infiltrating pneumonia and granulomatous inflammation whereas the low inflammation group primarily consisted of histological findings of usual interstitial pneumonitis and biopsies describing fibrosis and/or sparse unspecific inflammation. Therapeutic consequence was defined as intensification of therapy. Differences in treatment intensification were calculated using a binominal logistic regression model. Ninety-six patients had TBB performed. Biopsies from 55 patients were categorized as high inflammatory and 41 as low inflammatory, respectively. In the high-inflammatory group, 38 (69%) had their therapy intensified compared to 6 (14%) in the low-inflammatory group (Odds ratio 8.0, 95% confidence limits 3.2-20.0, P < 0.001). No procedure-related complications were registered. TBB findings can guide treatment strategy in SIRD-ILD patients with suspected activity in the pulmonary disease. TBB appears safe and could be considered as part of the diagnostic workup.

Perceived stress among adolescents as a marker for future mental disorders: A prospective cohort study.

AIM: The mental health problems of adolescents are important in relation to their future health and life course. The aim of this study was to investigate perceived stress in adolescence as a marker for later mental disorders. METHODS: The data consisted of a combination of questionnaire and register data for 11,929 adolescents. Perceived stress was measured using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale divided into low, moderate and high perceived stress. Mental disorder was identified using the ICD-10 codes for Mental and Behavioural Disorders classified into whether the adolescents were diagnosed or not. Logistic regression was used to examine the prospective association between perceived stress and mental disorders during about 12 months of follow-up, including the adolescents self-rated health, sex and parental education. RESULTS: In total, 247 adolescents (2.1%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder during follow-up. The perceived stress of the adolescents was associated with mental disorders, yielding two-fold higher odds of developing a mental disorder for adolescents reporting moderate perceived stress and six-fold higher odds among adolescents reporting high perceived stress in the adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with high levels of perceived stress were more likely to develop a mental disorder. Interventions to reduce perceived stress among adolescents could therefore potentially help to identify groups at high risk for later mental disorders.

Treatment-resistant depression and labor market affiliation in the Danish welfare society: a register-based study.

PURPOSE: We explored if patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) go through different states of labor market affiliation during their course of illness before they return to work or obtain early retirement as compared to patients without TRD. METHODS: All adults between 18 and 58 years with a first-time hospital contact due to depression in Danish patients' registers from 2000 to 2014 were followed in a nationwide labor market database. At time of TRD (index week), TRD patients were matched with patients without TRD in a 1:2 ratio. Sequence analysis and logistic regression were applied to explore the association of TRD and labor market affiliation and measures of transitions between labor market states 52 weeks before and after the index week. RESULTS: At the index week, 14.1% of patients with TRD were in employment, whereas the proportion was 26.4% among non-TRD patients. Over time, the proportion of patients in employment increased slightly to 25.5% for TRD and 33.7% for non-TRD patients. The proportion of TRD patients with sickness absence at index was 47.0%, while the proportion was 26.2% for non-TRD patients. The adjusted odds of a below mean volatility of labor market transitions, characterized by more episodes in passive social transfer payments and disability pension, were higher among patients with TRD compared with non-TRD patients (OR 1.63, 95% CI [1.56-1.69]). Similarly, the adjusted odds of a below mean integration into employment were 1.63 higher among TRD patients compared with non-TRD patients (95% CI [1.56-1.70]). CONCLUSION: Patients with TRD have higher levels of sickness absence and lower levels of reintegration into the labor market after meeting the criteria for TRD compared with patients without TRD.

The timing and duration of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood and young adults' NEET status: the role of educational attainment.

PURPOSE: Depressive symptoms are negatively associated with labour market outcomes but whether the timing and duration of depressive symptoms or educational attainment (EA) affect NEET (Neither in Employment, Education, nor Training) is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of timing and duration of depressive symptoms in adolescence and the moderating and mediating role of EA on NEET in young adulthood. METHODS: Data were used from 1512 participants in the Vestliv Study, a Danish prospective cohort study. Depressive symptoms were measured at age 14, 18 and 21. EA at age 21 and NEET at age 23 were derived from national registers. Logistic regression analyses and a 4-way decomposition approach were applied. RESULTS: Among boys, depressive symptoms at ages 14 and 21 increased the risk of NEET (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00-2.74 and OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.37-3.53). Among girls, this regarded depressive symptoms at ages 18 and 21 (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.26-2.46 and OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13-2.22). For the duration of depressive symptoms, among boys any depressive symptoms increased the risk of NEET. Among girls, only persistent depressive symptoms increased the risk of NEET. EA did not mediate or moderate the association between depressive symptoms and NEET. CONCLUSION: The timing and duration of depressive symptoms in adolescence matter for the association with NEET in young adulthood, with a double burden for those with both depressive symptoms and low EA. The results emphasize the importance of support for those who experience depressive symptoms in the school-to-work transition.

Employment of patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation experience difficulties maintaining employment due to the condition itself and the treatment. We aimed to establish the rate of employment before and after initiation of dialysis and kidney transplantation and to identify predictors of employment during dialysis and posttransplant. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for studies that included employment rate in adults receiving dialysis or a kidney transplant. The literature search included cross-sectional or cohort studies published in English between January 1966 and August 2020 in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Data on employment rate, study population, age, gender, educational level, dialysis duration, kidney donor, ethnicity, dialysis modality, waiting time for transplantation, diabetes, and depression were extracted. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis for predictors for employment, with odds ratios and confidence intervals, and tests for heterogeneity, using chi-square and I2 statistics, were calculated. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020188853. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies included 162,059 participants receiving dialysis, and 31 studies included 137,742 participants who received kidney transplantation. Dialysis patients were on average 52.6 years old (range: 16-79; 60.3% male), and kidney transplant patients were 46.7 years old (range: 18-78; 59.8% male). The employment rate (weighted mean) for dialysis patients was 26.3% (range: 10.5-59.7%); the employment rate was 36.9% pretransplant (range: 25-86%) and 38.2% posttransplant (range: 14.2-85%). Predictors for employment during dialysis and posttransplant were male, gender, age, being without diabetes, peritoneal dialysis, and higher educational level, and predictors of posttransplant: pretransplant employment included transplantation with a living donor kidney, and being without depression. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with kidney failure had a low employment rate during dialysis and pre- and posttransplant. Kidney failure patients should be supported through a combination of clinical and social measures to ensure that they remain working.

Predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery-a cross-disciplinary approach combining physiological, social, and psychological measures.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial weight loss (WL), however, a subset of patients undergoing surgery fails to achieve adequate WL. The reason for the individual variation in WL remains unexplained. Using an exploratory cross-disciplinary approach, we aimed to identify preoperative and early postoperative factors explaining the variation in WL after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Sixty-one subjects were recruited. Eighteen subjects did not receive surgery and three subjects dropped out, leaving a total sample of 40 subjects. Physiological, social, and psychological data were collected before and 6 months after surgery. All variables were analyzed in combination using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to explain the variation in WL 18 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 30) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 10). RESULTS: Mean WL was 31% (range: 10-52%). The following preoperative factors predicted 59% of the variation in WL: type of surgery (14%), diabetes status (12%), economic resources (9%), sex (7%), binge eating disorder (7%), degree of depression (5%), household type (3%), and physical activity (1%). Including information on early responses after surgery increased the ability to predict WL to 78% and was explained by early WL (47%), changes in energy density of food consumed from a buffet meal (9%), changes in glicentin (5%), degree of depression (5%), sex (5%), type of surgery (2%), economic resources (2%), and changes in drive for thinness (1%). CONCLUSIONS: Using a cross-disciplinary approach, a substantial part of the individual variation in WL was explained by a combination of basic patient characteristics, psychological profile, and social conditions as well as physiological, psychological and behavioral responses to surgery. These results suggest that patient characteristics collected in a cross-disciplinary approach may help determine predictors for less successful WL after bariatric surgery. If verified in larger cohorts this may form the basis for individualized postoperative support to optimize WL outcome.

Coping strategies in adolescence and labour-market participation in young adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether coping strategies in adolescence (14-15 years of age) were associated with labour-market participation (LMP) in young adulthood (25-26 years of age) and whether the association differed by sex. Methods: A birth cohort from the former county of Ringkjoebing, Denmark, consisting of 2826 individuals, comprised the study population. In 2004, the study population completed a questionnaire from which information about coping and covariates were gathered. Coping strategies were measured using five sub-scales of the Brief COPE Scale, which were combined into two overall coping strategies: active coping and avoidant coping. Ten years later, the participants were followed for a 52-week period in a register on social benefits. Logistic regression was applied to data, with adjustment for covariates: sex, parents' socio-economic status (education and income) and self-rated health. Results: A total of 2203 (78%) participants were categorised as high LMP at follow-up. No significant associations were found between active coping in adolescence and LMP in 2014/2015. For avoidant coping, in the fully adjusted model, medium-level avoidant coping was associated with higher odds (odds ratio (OR)=1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-1.25) of high LMP. For low avoidant coping, the OR was 1.37 (95% 1.07-1.75). For both coping strategies, sex did not modify the association. Conclusions: Findings showed that avoidant coping was significantly associated with high LMP. Further research is needed to investigate coping in relation to specific problem areas.

Labour market attachment among parents and self-rated health of their offspring: an intergenerational study.

BACKGROUND: Unemployment influences the individual's health, whether this effect passes through generations is less studied. The aim of this intergenerational study was to investigate whether parents' labour market attachment (LMA) were associated with self-rated health (SRH) among adolescents using preceding labour market events. METHODS: The study was performed using questionnaire data from the Danish Future Occupation of Children and Adolescents cohort (the FOCA cohort) of 13 100 adolescents (mean age 15.8 years) and their accompanying parents identified through registers. Adolescents' SRH was measured using one item from SF-36. Information on parents' LMA was obtained from a national register, analyzed on a weekly basis in a 5-year period before the adolescents completed the questionnaire. An integration indicator was calculated from an initial sequence analysis to determine how well the parents were integrated in the labour market. The association between the adolescents' SRH and parents' LMA was examined by logistic regression and an extended sequence analysis stratified on adolescents' SRH. RESULTS: Totally, 29.1% of the adolescents reported moderate SRH. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of moderate SRH was higher among adolescents of parents with low labour market integration (OR: 1.5 95% CI: 1.3-1.6 for fathers and OR: 1.4 95% CI: 1.2-1.5 for mothers). Also, adolescents with moderate SRH had parents who were less integrated in the labour market and had more weeks on non-employment benefits compared with the adolescents, who reported high SRH. CONCLUSIONS: Unstable LMA among parents affected SRH among their adolescent children, indicating a negative effect of labour market marginalization across generations.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty as treatment of malignant vertebral lesions: a systematic review and GRADE evaluation resulting in a Danish national clinical guideline.

PURPOSE: To summarize the recommendations from the national clinical guideline published by the Danish Health Authority, regarding cemental augmentation as treatment for painful vertebral lesions, in patients with malignant disease. METHODS: A multidisciplinary working group formulated recommendations based on the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Two of the questions were based on randomized studies and one on professional consensus. The guideline recommends cemental augmentation for painful vertebral lesions in patients with malignant diagnosis, either hematological or non-hematological. Fracture of the posterior wall is not a contradiction to cemental augmentation, but care should always be taken while injecting the cement, to decrease the risk of cemental leaks into the spinal canal. CONCLUSION: The recommendations are based on low-to-moderate quality of evidence or professional consensus as well as patient preferences and positive and harmful effects of the intervention. The working group recommends more randomized studies on patients with different malignant diseases and painful vertebral lesions comparing percutaneous vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty and conservative treatment to confirm the conclusion in this guideline. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

The Predictive Value of Return to Work Self-efficacy for Return to Work Among Employees with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy.

Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive value of Return to Work Self-efficacy (RTWSE) on Return to Work (RTW) among employees undergoing chemotherapy for cancer and to examine the relative contribution of RTWSE as predictor variable compared to personal, health-related, illness- and treatment-related and work-related factors. Methods A sample of 114 sickness absent employees with various cancers (age 18-62) included in the study on average 33 days after initiating chemotherapy were followed for 15 months. Data sources included patient questionnaires (RTWSE, depression, fatigue, performance status), sociodemographic factors (age, sex, job type, and perceived support from the workplace), patient records (type of cancer, treatment intention, number of treatment modalities, time since diagnosis and time since initiation of chemotherapy), and Danish national registries (RTW and education). Associations between RTWSE at baseline and weeks until full RTW during 15-months follow-up were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results In the univariate analysis, high RTWSE was associated with shorter time to RTW (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-3.03). In the multivariate model, RTWSE failed to reach statistical significance (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.62-2.02), whereas female sex (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15-0.60) and receiving palliative treatment (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.44) were significantly associated with later RTW. Conclusion Compared to other factors of significance, RTWSE was not the strongest predictor of RTW when examined among employees undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. Before using the RTWSE questionnaire to identify employees with cancer at risk of late RTW, it is important to recognize that the predictive value of RTWSE may be different for employees on sick leave due to cancer than for other sickness absence populations.