Research progress on the relationship between liver cirrhosis and thyroid hormones / 中华肝脏病杂志

There exists a complex relationship between liver and thyroid hormones. Liver plays an important role in the activation, inactivation, transportation, and metabolism of thyroid hormones. At the same time, thyroid hormones also affect hepatocytes activity and liver metabolism, such as lipid and bilirubin metabolism. Importantly, thyroid hormone levels often change abnormally in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, studying the change of thyroid hormone levels in patients with liver cirrhosis has a certain clinical value for assessing the severity, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between liver cirrhosis and thyroid hormone.

Influenza surveillance among children in Songjiang District of Shanghai, 2014-2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Songjiang District, Shanghai during 2014-2018, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of influenza. Methods We collected the data including influenza-like illness(ILI)report, etiological examination and influenza outbreak in Songjiang, and further characterized the epidemic of influenza using descriptive statistics. Results Data from the sentinel hospital-based surveillance system showed two peaks of influenza incidence in winter and summer in Songjiang, in which the winter peak was more significant. The largest proportion of ILI was the age group 0-4 years(57.90%). The proportion of being positive for influenza nucleic acid was 18.44%. All principal types of influenza were prevalent in Songjiang with a certain pattern of alternative circulation, in which influenza B virus accounted for 41.18% among all the types, followed by seasonal H3(36.95%)and H1N1(21.98%). A total of 650 influenza strains were isolated. The total proportion of isolation was 67.08%, which fluctuated by year with a peak of 79.37% in 2016. Of all the 27 outbreaks of influenza, 88.89% of them were identified in primary and middle schools and 70.37% occurred in December. Conclusion Different subtypes of influenza viruses were prevalent alternatively in Songjiang during 2014-2018. The etiological results and influenza outbreaks are generally in consistent with ILI report. It warrants necessary prevention in primary and middle schools in epidemic seasons of influenza.

Effect of erlotinib combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of erlotinib combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin in the treat-ment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods A total of 200 patients with stage TNM Ⅲ - Ⅳ NSCLC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College from April 2014 and April 2015 were selected as the subjects. The pa-tients were divided into observation group and control group according to the chemotherapy,100 cases in each group. The pa-tients in the control group were treated with combined chemotherapy of paclitaxel and cisplatin. The patients in the observation group were treated with combined chemotherapy of erlotinib,paclitaxel and cisplatin. The levels of serum carcinoembryonic an-tigen(CEA ),carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125 ),carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199 ) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA211)of the patients in the two groups were detected before and after two cycles of chemotherapy. The adverse reac-tions of the patients in the two groups were observed during the treatment. The curative effect was evaluated according to the re-sponse evaluation criteria in solid tumors formulated by World Health Organization. The patients in the two groups were fol-lowed up for two years,and the survival rate of the patients was statistically analyzed. Results There was no significant differ-ence in serum CEA,CA125,CA199 and CYFRA211 levels between the two groups before treatment(P > 0. 05). The levels of serum CEA,CA125,CA199 and CYFRA211 after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups(P < 0. 05). The levels of serum CEA,CA125,CA199 and CYFRA211 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(P < 0. 05). The total effective rate in the observation group and the control group was 74. 0％(74 / 100)and 57. 0％(57 / 100)respectively,the total effective rate in the observation group was signifi-cantly higher than that in the control group(χ2 = 6. 395,P < 0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 45. 0％(45 / 100)and 78. 0％(78 / 100)respectively,the incidence of adverse reactions in the ob-servation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(χ2 = 22. 997,P < 0. 05). The 2-year survival rate in the observation group and the control group was 90. 0％(90 / 100)and 75. 0％(75 / 100)respectively,the 2-year survival rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ2 = 8. 028,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The com-bined chemotherapy of erlotinib,paclitaxel and cisplatin can significantly reduce the levels of serum tumor markers,improve the therapeutic effect and survival rate,and reduce the incidence of chemical therapy related adverse reactions in patients with ad-vanced NSCLC.

Three-year clinical effects of a modified semi-fixed bridge on restoring a missing posterior tooth / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of a modified semi-fixed bridge to restore a missing posterior tooth for three years.@*METHODS@#In the study, 38 cases with a posterior tooth missed were chosen as experiment group. The inclusion criteria for these cases required that one abutment tooth be defected, and another abutment intact. The missed posterior tooth was restored with a modified semi-fixed bridge in which a metal wing retainer was applied to the intact abutment tooth and a full crown retainer was applied to the defected abutment tooth, and the non-rigid connector linked to the metal wing retainer and the pontic, while the rigid connector linked to the full crown retainer and the pontic. And 42 cases with same abutment conditions were chosen as control group. These control patients were treated with classical rigidly-fixed partial dentures. The clinical effects regarding the bridge survival, abutment conditions, and etc. were observed by examination.@*RESULTS@#The average observation time for experiment group was 40.3 months (from 9 to 60 months). One case failed with loose crown retainer after 7 months' usage. Another failed case was the same performance after 20 months' wearing. The restorations were rebounded after the inner face of crowns was treated, and they were used normally. No loose abutment and retainer, no decayed abutment teeth were found, and the marginal adaptations between retainers and abutment teeth were good. The average observation time of control group was 44.7 months(from 22 to 50 months). No secondary decays and loose abutment teeth were detected and the marginal adaptation of the retainers was good.@*CONCLUSION@#This modified semi-fixed bridge has similar survival rate and clinical effects to restore a missing posterior tooth when compared with the traditional rigidly-fixed partial dentures. But the long-term observation is required.

Preliminary investigation on infection of novel bunyavirus among animals and ticks in Shanghai, from 2012 to 2014 / 中国人兽共患病学报

To investigate the distribution of ticks and to detect the new bunyavirus in ticks and infection rate in animals in Shanghai,outdoor free ticks were captured by flag method and ticks on animals were collected by animal capture.SFTSV in ticks were detected by real-time RT-PCR.Total antibodies against SFTSV in host animal sera were tested by double antigen sandwich method.Results showed that during 2012-2014,free ticks were captured in Chenshan Park and Jinshan Island,which were all Haemaphysalis longicornis.Ten of seventeen districts found ticks on animals which were dominantly Rhipicephalus sanguineus.No nucleic acid of SFTSV was detected in 143 ticks.Main host animal for ticks was dog,sheep was in the second.Sera in 198 dogs from 6 urban districts,120 swine from Pudong and Fenxian districts and 36 sheep from Chongming District were all SFTSV antibody negative.Ticks were not found with SFTSV in Shanghai during 2012-2014.No SFTSV infection was found in host animals.Therefore,there is no evidence that Shanghai is the natural foci of SFTSV.Further surveillance and investigations should be carried out in the future.

Delphi method applied for assessment of respiratory infectious disease risk in winter of 2013 and spring of 2014 in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

By means of risk assessment, to explore the likelihood, harmfulness, pop-ulation susceptibility and comprehensive risk in relation to infectious respiratory diseases in late winter of 2013 and early spring of 2014 in Songjiang District of Shanghai , providing the basis for prevention and con-trol of infectious diseases . [ Methods] Delphi method was used and experts were invited to score for designed questions .Infectious respiratory diseases comprehensive risks were evaluated by applying the for-mula P(Risk) =[L(likelihood)+I(impact)+V(vulnerability)]/3 according to the risk evaluation plan. [ Results] After two rounds of risk evaluation by experts , the coefficient of expert activity was 1 .00 , the coefficient of authority was 0.70, 0.73 and 0.71 respectively in likelihood, harmfulness and susceptibility , and the coefficient of coordination was 0.68, 0.65 and 0.67 respectively.The viewpoints of experts tended to be consistent .Comprehensive analysis showed that the risk of influenza was high , and tuberculosis , HFMD, influenza A H7N9 avian influenza, smallpox and influenza A H1N1 avian influenza were relatively high too, while the risk of measles, scarlet fever, mumps were moderate. [Conclusion] During late winter of 2013 and early spring of 2014 in Songjiang District , close attention should be paid to the risk of in-fluenza, tuberculosis, HFMD, influenza A H7N9 avian influenza, smallpox and influenza A H1N1 avian in-fluenza .And it is important that emergency plans should be formulated or improved , drills carried out peri-odically, and experience and lessons summarized .

Expression of BRCA1 and WWOX and their clinicopathologic implication in breast carcinomas occurring in young women / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics and biological markers of breast carcinomas in young women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical SP method was used to study breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) and WWOX in breast carcinomas of patient ≤ 35 years of age (107 cases) and ≥ 60 years of age (112 cases). The findings were correlated with clinicopathological features. In addition, PCR amplification and direct sequencing were performed to detect the BRCA1 gene mutation of exons 2 and 20 using fresh frozen tissue samples in other 10 patients who were ≤ 35 years of age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of BRCA1 protein expression was higher in the young age group [65.4% (70/107)] than that of the old age group [35.7% (40/112)]. ER, PR, HER2, and WWOX protein expression and proliferation marker Ki-67 were no statistically different in the two groups (all P > 0.05). BRCA1 expression was significantly correlated with pTNM and axillary lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05), but not with ER, PR, HER2 and WWOX protein expression (all P > 0.05). Ki-67 and histological grading showed no statistical correlation (P > 0.05). WWOX protein expression showed no correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics (all P > 0.05). Mutation of exons 2 and 20 of the BRCA1 gene was not detected in any of 10 cases studied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BRCA1 cytoplasmic expression statistically correlates with the development and prognosis of breast cancer of young patients.</p>

Effect of valsartan and carnitine on cardiomyocyte Calpain-1 and Bcl-xl expressions of dogs with chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyopathy / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of valsartan and carnitine on cardiomyocyte Calpain-1 and Bcl-xl expressions of dogs with chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dogs were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 7 each): (1) alcohol fed (free access to 5%, 1(st) week; 10% 2(nd) week; 500 ml 25% bolus plus free access to 5% from 3 to 24 weeks, A); (2) alcohol + valsartan (5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), B); (3) alcohol + carnitine (300 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), C); (4) Control (D). After six months, all animals were assessed for left ventricular (LV) function by echocardiography. The Bad and Bcl-xl protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Calpain-1 protein was determined with Western blot. Myocardial morphology was quantified on HE stained slices and under electron microscopy. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was performed for apoptosis analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with group D, LVEDD and LVESD were significantly increased while EF and FS significantly decreased in group A. In alcohol fed group, expressions of Bad and Calpain-1 protein were significantly increased while Bcl-xl protein expression was downregulated, all changes could be significantly attenuated by intervention with valsartan and carnitine (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These data suggest that alcohol could promote cardiac myocyte apoptosis, reduce cardiac function and aggravate myocardial remodeling which valsartan and carnitine could reduce alcoholic cardiomyopathy by downregulating Calpain-1 and Bad protein expression and upregulating expression of Bcl-xl protein.</p>

Pathologic diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in curettage specimens in women under forty years of age / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic pathological features of endometrial carcinomas present in women under 40 years of age (by curettage samples).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 cases of endometrial carcinomas in women under 40 years of age.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients included 18 endometrioid adenocarcinoma cases, one adenosquamous carcinoma case, and one papillary serous carcinoma case. The morphological features of the endometrial adenocarcinoaare loss of polarity (orientation) of the endometrial glands. The tumor cells have large round vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and coarse chromatin. In addition, endometrial stroma was instead of by the fibrous and/or granulation tissue type stroma, usually with inflammatory response. Majority cases of endometrioid adenocarcinomas had superficial invasion of myometrium and no lymph node metastasis. The adenosquamous case metastasized to the ovaries and the papillary serous carcinoma case metastasized to the pelvic lymph nodes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endometrial carcinomas which are highly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas occur frequently in women under 40 years of age. An important differential diagnosis of the endometrioid carcinoma in a curettage specimen is to differentiate it from atypical endometrial hyperplasia and atypical polypoid adenomyoma.</p>

Reversal of multidrug resistance of tumor cells by anti-mdr1 ribozyme / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To stably reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) of breast carcinoma cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two anti-mdr-1 ribozyme plasmids, RZ196 and RZ179, were constructed with EGFP as reporter gene and transfected into drug-resistant breast carcinoma cells in vitro. The expression of EGFP was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Rhodamine123 efflux assay were used to detect P-glyco protein (p-gp) and mdr-1 mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After transfection with RZ196 and RZ179, the mdr-1 indices were reduced from 2.20 to 0.76 and 1.40, the expression rates of p-gp were reduced from 55.0% to 4.6% and 18.2%, the fluorescence intensity increased from 22.0% to 46.2% and 70.1%, TCL reduced from 75% to 28% and 43% respectively. In addition, the expression of ribozyme plasmid in tumor cells was stable under G418 selection. After two months, the mdr-1 indices remained at 0.81 and 1.47 in the cells transfected RZ196 and RZ179 respectively. The expression rates of p-gp were 5.2% and 19.5% and the Rh123 fluorescence intensity was 51.4% and 71.6% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both anti-mdr-1 ribozyme RZ196 and RZ179 can stably reverse MDR phenotype of breast carcinoma cells in vitro. RZ196 construct appears to be more effective.</p>

Regional blood perfusion and biological characteristic of breast cancer / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the correlation between regional blood perfusion and biological features of breast cancer. Methods Spiral CT technique was applied to quantitatively detect the central and marginal blood perfusion, including blood flow ( BF ) , blood volume ( BV) and permeability of surface (PS). Results The central and marginal blood perfusion of breast cancer were significantly higher than that of normal breast tissues. The marginal blood perfusion was higher than central blood perfusion. The regional blood perfusion of breast cancer varied with tumor size, clinical stage and histological grading. Conclusion The regional blood perfusion correlates with biological markers in breast cancer and can be used to evaluate the biological characteristics as a noninvasive marker before neoadjuvant chemotherapy.