Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis plus synthetic mammography versus full-field digital mammography with or without tomosynthesis in breast cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with full-field digital mammography (FFDM) exposes women to a higher radiation dose. A synthetic 2D mammogram (S2D) is a two-dimensional image constructed from DBT. We aim to evaluate the S2D performance when used alone or combined with DBT compared to FFDM alone or with DBT. Studies were included if they recruited screening participants and reported on S2D performance. Studies were excluded if they included symptomatic patients, imaging was for diagnostic purposes, or if participants had a breast cancer history. Meta-analyses for cancer detection rates (CDR) and Specificities were conducted where available. Differences in the performance of imaging modalities were calculated within individual studies, and these were pooled by meta-analysis. Out of 3241 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review and 13 in the meta-analysis. The estimated combined difference in CDRs per thousand among individual studies that reported on DBT plus S2D vs. FFDM and those reporting on DBT plus S2D versus DBT plus FFDM was 2.03 (95% CI 0.81-3.25) and - 0.15 (95% CI -1.17 to 0.86), respectively. The estimated difference in percent specificities was 1.13 (95% CI -0.06 to 2.31) in studies comparing DBT plus S2D and FFDM. In studies comparing DBT plus S2D and DBT plus FFDM, the estimated difference in specificities was 1.08 (95% CI 0.59-1.56). DBT plus S2D showed comparable accuracy to FFDM plus DPT and improved cancer detection to FFDM alone. Integrating S2D with DBT in breast cancer screening is safe and preserves performance.

Take a break: should breaks be enforced during digital breast tomosynthesis reading sessions?

OBJECTIVES: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can improve diagnostic accuracy compared to 2D mammography, but DBT reporting is time-consuming and potentially more fatiguing. Changes in diagnostic accuracy and subjective and objective fatigue were evaluated over a DBT reporting session, and the impact of taking a reporting break was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five National Health Service (NHS) mammography readers from 6 hospitals read a cancer-enriched set of 40 DBT cases whilst eye tracked in this prospective cohort study, from December 2020 to April 2022. Eye-blink metrics were assessed as objective fatigue measures. Twenty-one readers had a reporting break, 24 did not. Subjective fatigue questionnaires were completed before and after the session. Diagnostic accuracy and subjective and objective fatigue measures were compared between the cohorts using parametric and non-parametric significance testing. RESULTS: Readers had on average 10 years post-training breast screening experience and took just under 2 h (105.8 min) to report all cases. Readers without a break reported greater levels of subjective fatigue (44% vs. 33%, p = 0.04), which related to greater objective fatigue: an increased average blink duration (296 ms vs. 286 ms, p < 0.001) and a reduced eye-opening velocity (76 mm/s vs. 82 mm/s, p < 0.001). Objective fatigue increased as the trial progressed for the no break cohort only (ps < 0.001). No difference was identified in diagnostic accuracy between the groups (accuracy: 87% vs. 87%, p = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a break during a 2-h DBT reporting session resulted in lower levels of subjective and objective fatigue. Breaks did not impact diagnostic accuracy, which may be related to the extensive experience of the readers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: DBT is being incorporated into many mammography screening programmes. Recognising that reporting breaks are required when reading large volumes of DBT studies ensures this can be factored in when setting up reading sessions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials registration number: NCT03733106 KEY POINTS: • Use of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in breast screening programmes can cause significant reader fatigue. • The effectiveness of incorporating reading breaks into DBT reporting sessions, to reduce mammography reader fatigue, was investigated using eye tracking. • Integrating breaks into DBT reporting sessions reduced reader fatigue; however, diagnostic accuracy was unaffected.

Sensitivity and missed cancer rate in the symptomatic breast clinic-A retrospective cohort study of 40 323 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Symptomatic presentations account for the majority of invasive breast cancer diagnoses. While the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme is subjected to strict quality control, no such system for performance monitoring exists in the symptomatic clinic. We assess the sensitivity of cancer detection and missed cancer rate for symptomatic breast patients to benchmark future outcome measures. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients attending the symptomatic breast clinic between October 2013 and October 2018 was performed. Patients with new cancer diagnoses were identified and screened for those who had presented to the department within the 3 years prior to their diagnosis. From this, the sensitivity and missed cancer rate were calculated. RESULTS: About 40 323 patients were seen over the 5-year study period. About 2155 new cancers were diagnosed, with 2033 identified at their initial clinic attendance. A further 122 patients had cancer diagnosed on a subsequent appointment, of which 23 patients were considered to have had a delay in diagnosis. The sensitivity of the one-stop symptomatic breast clinic was therefore 99.0%, and the missed cancer rate was 0.06% over 5 years. CONCLUSION: The missed cancer rate reported in this study is favorable compared to the outcomes reported in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme and superior to the only other study reporting outcomes on a much smaller cohort. The unit in question therefore is performing exceptionally against current standards and sets a benchmark against which future performance can be measured.

Phase 2 Open-Label Trial Investigating Percutaneous Laser Ablation for Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: MRI, Pathology, and Outcome Correlations.

BACKGROUND: An institutional review board-approved, multicenter clinical trial was designed to determine the efficacy and outcome of percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) in the treatment of invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC). Post-ablation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared with surgical pathology in evaluation of residual post-ablation IDC and ductal carcinoma in situ. METHODS: Patients with a single focus of IDC 20 mm or smaller by pre-ablation MRI were treated with PLA. The patients underwent a 28-day post-ablation MRI, followed by surgical resection. Cell viability criteria were applied to pre- and post-ablation pathology specimens, which evaluated hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), cytokeratin (CK) 8/18, estrogen receptor, and Ki67 staining patterns. RESULTS: In this study, 61 patients were reported as the intention-to-treat cohort for determination of PLA efficacy. Of these 61 patients, 51 (84%) had complete tumor ablation confirmed by pathology analysis. One subject's MRI imaging was not performed per protocol, which left 60 subjects evaluable for MRI pathology correlation. Five patients (8.3%) had residual IDC shown by both MRI and pathology. Post-ablation discordance was noted between MRI and pathology, with four patients (6.7%) false-positive and four patients (6.7%) false-negative. The negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI for all the patients was 92.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.9-91.9%). Of the 47 patients (97.9%) with tumors 15 mm or smaller, 46 were completely ablated, with an MRI NPV of 97.7% (95% CI, 86.2-99.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous laser ablation is a potential alternative to surgery for treatment of early-stage IDC. Strong correlations exist between post-ablation MRI and pathologic alterations in CK8/18, ER, and Ki67 staining.

Correction to: Phase 2 Open-Label Trial Investigating Percutaneous Laser Ablation for Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: MRI, Pathology, and Outcome Correlations.

The article "Phase 2 Open-Label Trial Investigating Percutaneous Laser Ablation for Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: MRI, Pathology, and Outcome Correlations", written by Barbara Schwartzberg et al., was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on July 9, 2018, without open access.

[Case report: disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCD)]. / Caso clínico: leishmaniasis cutánea diseminada (LCD).

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified leishmaniasis as an uncontrolled and emerging disease. In Ecuador, the only anecdotal cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded in 1994 and have not been formally published. This form can be differentiated from classical localized cutaneous leishmaniasis by the number of injuries, the clinical type of the main elementary lesions (papular and acneform), and a weak response to standard treatments. The case we report is a 34-year-old woman who presented with disseminated nodular lesions and ulcers of various sizes with erythematous edges and scars. We report the case and review diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and the differences that can be found with the other cutaneous variants. The diagnosis requires to be considered by primary care physicians in endemic areas and specialists, taking into account that this presentation can also occur in immunocompetent hosts.

Actinic Prurigo.

Actinic prurigo is an idiopathic photodermatosis that affects the skin, as well as the labial and conjunctival mucosa in indigenous and mestizo populations of Latin America. It starts predominantly in childhood, has a chronic course, and is exacerbated with solar exposure. Little is known of its pathophysiology, including the known mechanisms of the participation of HLA-DR4 and an abnormal immunologic response with increase of T CD4+ lymphocytes. The presence of IgE, eosinophils, and mast cells suggests that it is a hypersensitivity reaction (likely type IVa or b). The diagnosis is clinical, and the presence of lymphoid follicles in the mucosal histopathologic study of mucosa is pathognomonic. The best available treatment to date is thalidomide, despite its secondary effects.

Carotenoid, Tocopherol, and Volatile Aroma Compounds in Eight Sacha Inchi Seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Oil Accessions.

Sacha inchi seed oil is a food matrix rich in bioactive constituents, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the characteristics of color, carotenoid content, tocopherols, and volatile aroma compounds in eight sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil accessions were evaluated. Results showed that the oil obtained from the accessions presented a lightness and chroma of 91 to 98 units and 6 to 10 units respectively, while the hue angle ranged between 93 to 97 units. The total carotenoid content in the different accessions ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg, while γ- and δ-tocopherol ranged from 861.6 to 1142 mg/kg and 587 to 717.1 mg/kg. In addition, the total content of tocopherols varied between 1450 and 1856 mg/kg and the δ/γ ratio ranged between 0.58 and 0.70. The oils from the accessions PER000408 (861 µg/kg) and PER000411 (896 µg/kg) were those with the higher volatile concentration, especially 1-hepten-3-ol, 2-nonanol, (E)-3-hexen- 1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. In this study, the variability of the oil obtained from 8 accessions were observed, from which promising accessions can be selected for continuous investigations of the new sacha inchi seed genotypes.

How long does it take to read a mammogram? Investigating the reading time of digital breast tomosynthesis and digital mammography.

PURPOSE: To analyse digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) reading times in the screening setting, compared to 2D full-field digital mammography (FFDM), and investigate the impact of reader experience and professional group on interpretation times. METHOD: Reading time data were recorded in the PROSPECTS Trial, a prospective randomised trial comparing DBT plus FFDM or synthetic 2D mammography (S2D) to FFDM alone, in the National Health Service (NHS) breast screening programme, from January 2019-February 2023. Time to read DBT+FFDM or DBT+S2D and FFDM alone was calculated per case and reading times were compared between modalities using dependent T-tests. Reading times were compared between readers from different professional groups (radiologists and radiographer readers) and experience levels using independent T-tests. The learning curve effect of using DBT in screening on reading time was investigated using a Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Forty-eight readers interpreted 1,242 FFDM batches (34,210 FFDM cases) and 973 DBT batches (13,983 DBT cases). DBT reading time was doubled compared to FFDM (2.09 ± 0.64 min vs. 0.98 ± 0.30 min; p < 0.001), and DBT+S2D reading was longer than DBT + FFDM (2.24 ± 0.62 min vs. 2.04 ± 0.46 min; p = 0.006). No difference was identified in reading time between radiologists and radiographers (2.06 ± 0.71 min vs. 2.14 ± 0.46 min, respectively; p = 0.71). Readers with five or more years of experience reading DBT were quicker than those with less experience (1.86 ± 0.56 min vs. 2.37 ± 0.65 min; p = 0.008), and DBT reading time decreased after less than 9 months accrued screening experience (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: DBT reading times were double those of FFDM in the screening setting, but there was a short learning curve effect with readers showing significant improvements in reading times within the first nine months of DBT experience. CLINICALTRIALS: gov Identifier: NCT03733106.

Evaluating the use of vacuum-assisted excisions in the management of B3 breast lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of vacuum-assisted excisions (VAEs) in the management of B3 lesions within a single UK breast care centre. Assessment was made by determining the upgrade rates of the different B3 lesions at VAE. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study population comprised all patients who had a B3 result and subsequently underwent a VAE between November 2016 and October 2021. Patients with ipsilateral cancers were excluded. Retrospective biopsy and VAE results were reviewed. Upgrade rates and confidence intervals were calculated, and statistical significance was tested to determine any differences between upgrade rates of the B3 groups. RESULTS: 480 VAEs for B3 lesions were performed, with 10 excluded. Overall upgrade rate was 5%. 87.5% of upgrades were to non-invasive disease. Atypical intraductal epithelial proliferation (AIDEP) had a 15% upgrade rate, significantly different to lobular neoplasia (2%), papilloma without atypia (0%), and radial scar without atypia (0%). 10% of B3 lesions with atypia were upgraded, significantly different to 0% of B3 lesions without atypia. B3 lesions diagnosed by vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) had a significantly higher upgrade rate of 8% compared with 2% for lesions diagnosed by core biopsy (CBX), although this result was impacted by high numbers of AIDEP diagnosed by VAB. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest using VAE for the management of AIDEP is appropriate. However, they also indicate that by performing VAEs of papillomas and radial scars without atypia, overtreatment may be occurring. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study adds to the ongoing discussion on the best treatment of B3 breast lesions.

[Deep sweet syndrome as a cause or fever of unknown origin. A case report and literature review]. / Síndrome de Sweet subcutáneo como causa de fiebre de origen desconocido. Informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Sweet syndrome is the prototype of neutrophilic dermatosis, which typically presents an intense inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils in the epidermis and/or dermis, apparently due to a hypersensitivity reaction. This is a case of a 31 year-old woman with fever of more than three weeks duration and erythematous nudosities on her arms and legs. The histological study of a skin lesion showed a lobular inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils, with excellent response to prednisone. Therefore, it was concluded as subcutaneous sweet syndrome.

Expression of E-cadherin, syndecan 1, Ki-67, and maintenance minichromosome 3 in tissue lesions of actinic prurigo obtained by incisional biopsy.

Actinic prurigo (AP) is an idiopathic photodermatosis; the initial manifestations usually occur during the first decades of life but can appear at any age. Cases are usually diagnosed late once the lesions have exacerbated; due to the extensive involvement of the vermilion border and the etiology, it has been confused with and related to a potentially malignant process. Syndecan-1 and E-cadherin were positive in the epidermis, with moderate-to-intense staining in 100% of samples. Ki67 and MCM3 were expressed in the lower third of the epidermis and showed greater immunolabeling in samples that contained lymphoid follicles (Ki 67: epidermis [17.7% ± 6.79%] and dermis [7.73% ± 6.69%]; MCM3: epidermis [22.92% ± 10.12%] and dermis [6.13% ± 6.27%]). In conclusión AP is a disease in which there is no evidence that the lesions are potentially cancerous. AP cheilitis should not be confused with actinic cheilitis because they are separate entities.

Comparison of Dietary Quality Among Puerto Ricans Living in Massachusetts and Puerto Rico.

Puerto Ricans are burdened by nutrition-related diseases, with greater disease prevalence among Puerto Ricans residing in the continental U.S. compared to those in Puerto Rico (PR). However, little is known about diet quality of these two groups. To compare diet quality of Puerto Ricans in Massachusetts (MA) and PR. Puerto Rican patients from health centers in MA (n = 42) and PR (n = 52) completed a food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). Analysis included Mann-Whitney, Chi square and logistic and quantile regressions. 57.1 % of participants in MA and 19.6 % in PR had a poor diet. Adjusting for age and education, participants in MA were more likely to have a poor diet (OR 3.4; p = 0.02) and lower HEI scores than participants in PR. Diet quality among Puerto Ricans is poor, and is worse among mainland Puerto Ricans compared to islanders.

Estado nutricional en niños menores de 5 años en un consultorio de Babahoyo (República del Ecuador) / Nutrition status in children aged under 5 seen in a medical consulting room of Babahoyo (Republic of Ecuador)

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con el objetivo de evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de niños menores 5 años que fueron atendidos en un consultorio de la ciudad de Babahoyo, provincia Los Ríos, en la República del Ecuador. El universo de trabajo estuvo conformado por 140 niños atendidos entre enero y diciembre del 2007. Para evaluar el estado nutricional mediante indicadores antropométricos se emplearon las variables: peso (en kilogramos) y talla (en centímetros). Para la expresión e interpretación de los datos antropométricos se utilizó el cómputo de puntuaciones Z. Los índices Z del peso para la talla, talla para la edad, peso para la edad e índice de masa corporal se calcularon en el programa Anthro 2005. El procedimiento técnico de las mediciones se realizó con los requerimientos establecidos. Se realizó el análisis conjunto de los índices Z del peso para la talla, índices Z de la talla para la edad e índices Z del peso para la edad, empleando la tabla de clasificación propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Cada índice se clasificó en bajo (d" 2 desviación estándar), normal (± 2 desviación estándar) y alto (> 2 desviación estándar) y se comprobó en la tabla de clasificación. Se obtuvieron 17 zonas de intersección, cada uno con una evaluación nutricional diferente. El análisis integrado de los indicadores mostró una prevalencia de subnutridos en un tercio de los niños estudiados, en el momento del estudio(AU)

We made a cross-sectional and descriptive study to assess the nutrition status of a cohort of children aged under 5 seen a medical consulting room of Babahoyo, Los Ríos Province, Republic of Ecuador. Work sample included 140 children seen between January and December 2007. To assess nutrition status by means of anthropometric indicators following variables were used: weight (kg) and height (cm). To expression and interpretation of anthropometric data Z scores were used. Z indexes of weight for height, height for age, weight for age, and body mass index (BMI were calculated) in Anthro 2005 program. Technical procedure of measurements was applied according the established requirements. A combined analysis of Z indexes was made including weight for height, height for age, and weight for age, using classification table proposed by Health World Organization (HWO). Each index was classified as low (d" 2 standard deviation (SD)), and it was verified in classification table. There were 17 intersection zones each with a different nutrition assessment. Integrated analysis of indicators showed a undernourished prevalence in a third of study children at study(AU)

Estado nutricional en niños menores de 5 años en un consultorio de Babahoyo (República del Ecuador) / Nutrition status in children aged under 5 seen in a medical consulting room of Babahoyo (Republic of Ecuador)

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con el objetivo de evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de niños menores 5 años que fueron atendidos en un consultorio de la ciudad de Babahoyo, provincia Los Ríos, en la República del Ecuador. El universo de trabajo estuvo conformado por 140 niños atendidos entre enero y diciembre del 2007. Para evaluar el estado nutricional mediante indicadores antropométricos se emplearon las variables: peso (en kilogramos) y talla (en centímetros). Para la expresión e interpretación de los datos antropométricos se utilizó el cómputo de puntuaciones Z. Los índices Z del peso para la talla, talla para la edad, peso para la edad e índice de masa corporal se calcularon en el programa Anthro 2005. El procedimiento técnico de las mediciones se realizó con los requerimientos establecidos. Se realizó el análisis conjunto de los índices Z del peso para la talla, índices Z de la talla para la edad e índices Z del peso para la edad, empleando la tabla de clasificación propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Cada índice se clasificó en bajo (d" 2 desviación estándar), normal (± 2 desviación estándar) y alto (> 2 desviación estándar) y se comprobó en la tabla de clasificación. Se obtuvieron 17 zonas de intersección, cada uno con una evaluación nutricional diferente. El análisis integrado de los indicadores mostró una prevalencia de subnutridos en un tercio de los niños estudiados, en el momento del estudio.

We made a cross-sectional and descriptive study to assess the nutrition status of a cohort of children aged under 5 seen a medical consulting room of Babahoyo, Los Ríos Province, Republic of Ecuador. Work sample included 140 children seen between January and December 2007. To assess nutrition status by means of anthropometric indicators following variables were used: weight (kg) and height (cm). To expression and interpretation of anthropometric data Z scores were used. Z indexes of weight for height, height for age, weight for age, and body mass index (BMI were calculated) in Anthro 2005 program. Technical procedure of measurements was applied according the established requirements. A combined analysis of Z indexes was made including weight for height, height for age, and weight for age, using classification table proposed by Health World Organization (HWO). Each index was classified as low (d" 2 standard deviation (SD)), and it was verified in classification table. There were 17 intersection zones each with a different nutrition assessment. Integrated analysis of indicators showed a undernourished prevalence in a third of study children at study.

The use of stimulated granulocyte transfusions to prevent recurrence of past severe infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

The predictable neutropenia that follows allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may be associated with recurrence of previous life-threatening infection. We describe nine patients with either previous invasive aspergillosis (IA) or considered to be at high risk of developing IA who underwent ASCT with prophylactic granulocyte transfusions. The study group, when compared with a control group, had a significant reduction in the incidence and duration of fevers (P < 0.05) and maximum C-reactive protein (P < 0.05). There were significantly fewer days of neutropenia (P < 0.05). There was also radiological improvement of pulmonary infiltrates in four out of seven assessable patients. No serious toxicity was encountered in donors or recipients. We conclude that prophylactic granulocyte donations can be given safely, and that they significantly reduce the number of days of neutropenia. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether granulocyte donations can prevent the recurrence of IA in patients at risk of fungal infection.

Manifestaciones de infecciones de columna por RNM

El proposito de este estudio es mostrar la utilidad y las bondades de la RM en los procesos infecciosos de columna. Se estudiaron 8 pacientes con dolor lumbar afectados por espondilodiscitis teniéndose imágenes de columna con cortes axiales, sagitales y coronales y con TSE (Turbo Spin Eco) en T1, T2, densidad de protones y T2 con saturación de grasa. Se utilizó medio de contraste en 1 paciente. Se observaron lesiones hipodensas en el T1 e Hiperdensas en T2 compatibles con espondiloscitis en todos los pacientes. Se obtuvieron imágenes con gran detalle anatómico tanto de las estructuras óseas como de los tejidos blandos comprometidos. La RM brinda una alternativa de un método diagnóstico como imágenes multiplanares y excelente contraste que permite realizar un diagnóstico preciso en cualquiera de las etapas de los procesos infecciosos de columna