[Application of preoperative serum CYFRA 21-1 level in the prognosis of colorectal cancer].

To explore the predictive value of preoperative serum CYFRA 21-1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) resection patients. In this retrospective study, 456 patients with CRC who received surgical treatment in the Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2016 to February 2018 were analyzed. Preoperative CYFRA 21-1, CEA, CA19-9 and pathological data of the study subjects were collected. Determine the cut-off value of CYFRA 21-1 based on the X-tile. Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability test were used to compare clinicopathological features in different CYFRA 21-1 level groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of factors affecting 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze 5-year differences in OS and DFS in CRC patients with different levels of CYFRA 21-1, CEA and CA19-9. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) was adopted. ROC curves were used to analyze the prognostic efficacy of CYFRA21-1 for CRC, and nomogram maps were used to predict 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates. The results showed that the optimal cut-off values of serum CYFRA 21-1, CEA and CA19-9 were 4.9 ng/ml, 29.2 ng/ml and 72.8 U/ml, respectively. Different gender, tumor size, location, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) classification stage were significantly different between the two groups with high and low CYFRA 21-1, the P-values were 0.018,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, 0.002, 0.001, 0.003, respectively. CYFRA 21-1 (≥4.9 ng/ml) was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS (HR: 4.008, 95%CI: 2.309-6.958, P<0.001) and DFS (HR: 3.75, 95%CI: 2.227-6.314, P<0.001) in CRC patients. CYFRA 21-1 predicts a 5-year AUC of 0.725 and 0.720 for OS and DFS, respectively, and 0.804 and 0.827 for the combination of CEA and CA19-9. Based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, nomogram graphs of OS and DFS were established, the C-indexes were 0.799 and 0.803, respectively. In conclusion, preoperative serum CYFRA 21-1 level may be an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. The prognostic model established by CYFRA 21-1 combined with CEA, CA19-9 and TNM stages may provide references for the prevention of CRC recurrence and clinical decision-making.

[Drug selection for simultaneous treatment of tuberculosis combined with hepatitis C virus infection].

Clinically, patients with tuberculosis (TB) combined with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often require simultaneous treatment. Consequently, when anti-HCV and TB drugs are used in combination drug-drug interactions (DDIs), anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, and liver disease states need to be considered. This paper focuses on discussing the metabolic mechanisms of commonly used anti-TB and HCV drugs and the selection options of combined drugs, so as to provide rational drug use for TB patients combined with HCV infection.

[Use of oral anticoagulants and related factors among new-onset acute ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A report from the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study].

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the oral anticoagulant (OAC) usage among new-onset acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in China, and to explore the possible influencing factors of influent anticoagulant therapy in these patients. Methods: The NVAF patients who experienced new-onset and non-fatal AIS from August 2011 to December 2018 in the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF), were enrolled. The follow-up ended in December 2019. Information including patients' demographic characteristics, medical history, medication usage, which were collected before and after the index stroke, were analyzed. Patients were classified into OAC group or non-OAC group according to OAC usage within 3 months post stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of factors which might be associated with OAC usage within 3 months post stroke. Results: A total of 957 new-onset AIS patients were enrolled, 39.4% (377/957) patients were treated with OAC within 3 months after AIS. Covering by high-reimbursement-rate insurance (OR: 1.91, 95%CI: 1.28-2.86, P=0.002), higher number of concomitant drugs (1-2 types OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.36-3.23, P=0.001; ≥3 types OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.37-3.91, P=0.002) and 3-month-peri-stroke AF recurrence (OR: 3.34, 95%CI: 2.34-4.76, P<0.001) were associated with OAC usage within 3 months post stroke, while higher HASBLED score (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.40-0.60, P<0.001) and pre-stroke antiplatelet usage (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.20-0.43, P<0.001) were related to no OAC usage within 3 months post stroke. Conclusions: In China, the proportion of NVAF patients who initiated OAC therapy within 3 months after new-onset AIS is as low as about 39.4%. Factors related to the OAC usage within 3 months post stroke are 3-month-peri-stroke AF recurrence, number of concomitant drugs and patients with high-reimbursement-rate insurance coverage, but higher HASBLED score and pre-stroke antiplatelet usage are related to no OAC usage within 3 months post stroke.

Urinary biomarkers of early renal injury in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive persons in Shanghai, China: comparison with the general population.

OBJECTIVES: People living with HIV (PLWH) have a high risk of kidney injury. Measurement of serum creatinine, along with proteinuria, is not sensitive to detect early kidney injury. Here, we investigated novel urinary biomarkers of early renal injury in PLWH. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 166 antiretroviral-naïve PLWH and 99 HIV-negative persons who all had an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 . We compared the levels of seven urinary biomarkers between the two groups using the propensity score matching (PSM) approach and explored the risk factors associated with elevated urinary biomarkers in PLWH. RESULTS: Eighty-three pairs were successfully matched based on PSM. Compared with the HIV-negative group, the HIV-positive group had higher ratios of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) to urine creatinine (UCr), alpha1-microglobulin (α1-M) to UCr, kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1) to UCr, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to UCr, and epidermal growth factor to UCr, whereas the Tamm-Horsfall protein to UCr ratio and the abnormal albumin to UCr ratio were not significantly different. Positive correlations were observed between HIV RNA level and NAG: UCr (rs  = 0.32; P < 0.001) and α1-M:UCr (rs  = 0.24; P = 0.002) ratios, and negative correlations were observed between CD4 cell count and NAG:UCr (rs  = -0.34; P < 0.001), KIM-1:UCr (rs  = -0.16; P = 0.042) and α1-M:UCr (rs  = -0.36; P < 0.001) ratios. In multivariate linear regression analyses, older age, lower total cholesterol and higher HIV RNA were independently associated with higher NAG:UCr; older age, lower total cholesterol and lower CD4 cell count were independently associated with higher α1-M:UCr. CONCLUSIONS: In comparioson with HIV-negative participants, PLWH were more likely to have tubular injury. Early antiretroviral treatment might mitigate the development of kidney injury.

Late gadolinium enhancement is a risk factor for major adverse cardiac events in unrecognised myocardial infarction without apparent symptoms: a meta-analysis.

AIM: To assess the prognostic role of unrecognised myocardial infarction (UMI) detected at late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-CMRII). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane were searched systematically for studies exploring the predictive value of UMI detected by LGE-CMRI for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality in patients without apparent symptoms. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the different participants and outcomes. RESULTS: Eight studies (2,009 participants) were identified comprising 442 patients with UMI detected at LGE-CMRI and 1,567 without UMI. The presence of UMI on LGE was associated with a significantly increased risk for MACEs (HRs: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.06 to 5.75; p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (HRs: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.00 to 5.87; p=0.05). In the subgroup analysis, the presence of UMI on LGE remained significantly associated with the risk of MACEs in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (HRs: 3.82, 95% CI: 2.49 to 5.85; p<0.01) and diabetes mellitus (HRs: 4.97, 95% CI: 3.02 to 8.18; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The presence of UMI detected by LGE-CMRI is associated with an increased risk of MACEs and all-cause mortality in patients without symptoms. LGE-CMRI could provide important prognostic information and guide risk stratification in patients with UMI.

Glycyrrhizin improves bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice via inactivating NF-κB signaling.

OBJECTIVES: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease with high morbidity and serious complications. Here, we studied the effect of glycyrrhizin on bone metabolism using the ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. METHODS: Osteoclast-related gene expression and osteoclastic function were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) by real-time polymerase chain reaction and bone resorption assay. For animal studies, female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operated, OVX and OVX with glycyrrhizin groups. Bone mass and trabecular microarchitecture were analyzed by micro-computed tomography, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and histomorphometric analysis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis and the NF-κB signaling pathway were studied by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Glycyrrhizin inhibits RANKL-induced expression of Nfatc-1, c-Fos, Trap, Ds-stamp, and Ctsk in RAW264.7 cells. Also, fewer bone resorption pits form when BMMs are incubated in the presence of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin ameliorates bone loss and improves trabecular bone parameters in OVX mice. BMMs isolated from OVX mice show higher ability of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, which is tremendously reversed by glycyrrhizin. There is significantly higher phosphorylation of IκB-α at Ser32 and NF-κB p65 at Ser536, as well as increased protein levels of c-FOS and NFATc-1 in BMMs of OVX mice, which are all greatly suppressed by glycyrrhizin. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that glycyrrhizin is a potential efficient adjuvant therapeutic for PMO.

[Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve steroid resistance of human airway epithelial BEAS-2B cells in vitro].

Objective: To explore the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) on the steroid resistance of human airway epithelial cells. Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to construct steroid resistant BEAS-2B cells, which were then co-cultured with MSC. Groups were set as follows: blank group, model group, Glucocorticoid group, MSC group, MSC+Glucocorticoid group (MSC+bud group). The expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in the cell supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells was detected by flow cytometry; the expression of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) protein in the cell was detected by Western blotting; and the expression of GRα and HDAC2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results: The expression level of IL-8 in the MSC group was significantly lower than that in the Glucocorticoid group (31.7±0.7 vs. 49.8±3.6, P<0.01). The expression of ROS in the MSC group was significantly lower than that in the Glucocorticoid group (2754±154 vs.4624±228, P<0.05). The expression level of HDAC2 mRNA in the MSC group was significantly higher than that in the Glucocorticoid group(1.749±0.005 vs. 1.283±0.098, P<0.05). The expression level of GRα mRNA in the MSC group was significantly higher than that in the Glucocorticoid group (1.623±0.079 vs.1.047±0.220, P<0.01). The expression of HDAC2 protein in the MSC group was significantly higher than that in the Glucocorticoid group (1.067±0.100 vs. 0.620±0.083, P<0.01). The expression of GRα protein in the MSC group was significantly higher than that in the Glucocorticoid group (0.834±0.053 vs. 0.579±0.017, P<0.01). ROS was positively correlated with the IL-8 expression (r=0.796, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with the HDAC2 and GRα mRNA expression (r=-0.893 3, P<0.01; r=0.931 4, P<0.01, respectively), as well as the HDAC2 and GRα Protein expression (r=-0.929 5, P<0.01;r=-0.864 3, P<0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Human MSC can improve steroid resistance of airway epithelial cells in an exocrine manner. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of ROS and up-regulation of HDAC2, which lead to GRα overexpression. In addition, MSC may improve the steroid resistance by reducing the expression of IL-8.

[Investigation and analysis of a mass ammonia gas poisoning accident].

Objective: To investigation and analysis of ammonia gas leakage in a meat factory. Methods: In April 2013, Enterprise managers and workers were investigated, and clinical data of 24 patients were analyzed. Results: The company caused a leak in the ammonia pipeline maintenance operation, Among the patients, 20 had stimulus response and 4 had mild poisoning. Conclusion: To prevent group occupational ammonia poisoning, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of occupational disease prevention of enterprise owners and the awareness of self-protection of workers.

A retrospective cohort study of early mortality among patients with HIV/TB co-infection in Shanghai municipality.

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common and fatal opportunistic co-infection among HIV-infected individuals. While TB-associated mortality predominantly occurs in the first 90 days after admission, such a correlation remains unclear in HIV/TB co-infected patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate the 90-day mortality and associated risk factors among HIV/TB co-infected patients in China. METHODS: Adult patients with HIV and a newly confirmed TB diagnosis admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between September 2009 and August 2017 were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory characteristics, key treatments and outcomes were collected retrospectively. The associations between different factors and early mortality were analysed. RESULTS: Of the 485 laboratory-confirmed HIV/TB patients [median (range) age = 39 (19-79) years], 413 (85.15%) were male. Diagnosis was confirmed by culture, pathology and acid-fast bacilli smear alone in 362 (74.6%), 6 (1.2%) and 117 (24.1%) patients, respectively. Multiple drug-/rifampin-resistant TB was detected in 21 (5.8%) of the 367 patients with a positive culture. Rifampin or rifabutin was administered to 402 (82.9%) patients. Additionally, 66 (13.6%) and 86 (17.7%) died within 90 days and 1 year of admission, respectively. Of the 64 TB-related deaths, 59 (92.2%) occurred within 90 days of admission. In Cox regression, central nervous system (CNS) TB [odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-4.23, P < 0.001], no antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 3 months after admission (OR = 11, 95% CI: 6.4-18.9, P < 0.001), and plasma albumin level < 25 g/L (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07-3.40, P = 0.021) were associated with early death. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis co-infection was prevalent and fatal in HIV-infected patients, with most deaths occurring within 90 days of admission. Early mortality was associated with CNS-TB, no ART, and serum albumin level < 25 g/L.

[Sex Characteristics and Distribution of External Ear in Uygur Population of Xinjiang].

ABSTRACT: Objective To analyze the characteristics of the bilateral external ears of Uygur adults by directly observing the morphological characteristics of the external ears of Uygur adults and classifying each feature. The frequency distribution of the characteristics was calculated to provide reference for forensic identification. Methods The 210 cases （75 males and 135 females） of bilateral external ear photos of Uygur adults in Xinjiang that met the inclusion criteria were collected. The frequencies of the features of the external ear were recorded and distinguished between the two sexes and the different sides. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results The shapes of the external ears of males and females were commonly oblique or rectangular （34.67% of the left external ear of males and 41.33% of the right were oblique; 30.37% of the left and right external ear of females were rectangular）, while triangular ears were the rare variants and the least common. Sex and bilateral differences were observed as regards the form of the helix in the subjects. Normally rolled helix was the most common （58.67% males and 61.48% females for the left ear; 60.00% males and 72.59% females for the right ear）. Wide covering scapha helix was the most rare for the male left ear and flat helix was the most rare for the female right ear. Square and free earlobes were the most common （49.33% males and 62.96% females for the left ear; 40.00% males and 54.81% females for the right ear）, whereas triangular earlobes were rarely seen. Single knob tragus （40.00% males and 37.78% females for the left ear; 37.33% males and 33.33% females for the right ear） and projection type of Darwin's tubercle （50.67% males and 40.00% females for the left ear; 48.00% males and 39.26% females for the right ear） were found to be common. Conclusion The characteristics of the bilateral external ears of male and female Uygur adults have differences, which can be used for forensic identification.

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and differentiation of Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Thousand Island Lake, China, based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences.

Thousand Island Lake (TIL) is a typical fragmented landscape and an ideal model to study ecological effects of fragmentation. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of 23 island populations of Dendrolimus punctatus in TIL were sequenced, 141 haplotypes being identified. The number of haplotypes increased significantly with the increase in island area and shape index, whereas no significant correlation was detected between three island attributes (area, shape and isolation) and haplotype diversity. However, the correlation with number of haplotypes was no longer significant when the 'outlier' island JSD (the largest island) was not included. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. Geographic isolation did not obstruct the gene flow among D. punctatus populations, which might be because of the high dispersal capacity of this pine moth. Fragmentation resulted in the conversion of large and continuous habitats into isolated, small and insular patches, which was the primary effect on the genetic diversity of D. punctatus in TIL. The conclusion to emphasize from our research is that habitat fragmentation reduced the biological genetic diversity to some extent, further demonstrating the importance of habitat continuity in biodiversity protection.

[Clinical analysis of seven cases of myeloid sarcoma].

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of myeloid sarcoma, and to improve the understanding of myeloid sarcoma. Methods: The clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of 7 patients with myeloid sarcoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 7 patients with myeloid sarcoma, 1 was male and 6 were female. In most patients, the local compression symptoms caused by painless local masses or masses were the first manifestations. One patient had lesions involving the cervix and vaginal bleeding was the first symptom. The lesions were extensive with 19 sites involved. The positive proportion of immunohistochemical staining was 6/6 for CD43, 6/7 for MPO, 4/5 for CD117, 4/4 for LCA, 3/5 for CD34 and 2/2 for CD99. Lymphocyte markers CD3 and CD20 were negative in all 7 patients. Conclusions: Myeloid sarcoma is a rare hematological malignancy. Early diagnosis and active treatment are the key to improve prognosis. Current treatments include systemic chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiation therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

[Xanthogranulonatous pyelonephritis: report of 5 cases].

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis in which the renal parenchyma is destroyed and replaced by lipid-laden foamy macrophages. It usually affects middle-aged women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection, diabetes, or kidney stones. The inflammatory process is usually diffuse and can extend beyond the kidney. The rare focal forms may simulate primary renal tumours. The preoperative imaging diagnosis may be difficult. We reported five cases of XGP, The findings of ours were recorded including kidney size, shape, contour, the echogenecity of the renal parenchyma, the internal echoes of the dilate collecting system, the presence of perinephric fluid accumulation and obstruction. One of the 5 cases was a male patient, and the other four were female, with a mean age of 53 years. He affected kidneys of the 5 cases swelled in different degrees, and one of them was found with line-like anechoic fluid. Among the 5 cases, one kidney appeared as diffusely reducing of the parenchyma echogenicity, multiple hypoechoic areas, disappearance of corticomedullary differentiation and multiple hyperecho with shadow. A round cystic anechoic lesion was found in one kidney, with internal punctate echo and peripheral fluid. Ultrasonographic finding of 1 case was extremely hypoechoic lesion on the left kidney, protruding from the outline of the kidney, with the partial renal capsule discontinuous, the less clear boundary, and a little blood flow in it. Ultrasonographic demonstration of 2 cases was mild dilatation of the collecting system with irregular wall thickening and internal hypoechogenicity, and 1 case was solid lesion with less clear boundary to the pelvic wall and a small amount of blood flow signal, the another 1 case was showed floccule without internal blood flow. Three cases were caused by chronic obstruction verified by operation, of which one was staghorn calculi, one was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the middle part of the ureter, and one was inflammatory stricture of upper ureteral. Through analysis of the above five cases and review of related literature, we explored diagnoses and management of the patients with XGP. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic variant of pyelonephritis characterized by destruction of the renal parenchyma. Combining ultrasonographic features of XGP with clinical recurrent urinary infection and chronic obstruction, XGP can be included in the differentiation. The diagnosis of XGP suspected by ultrasound can be clarified by CT, MRI, contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

[Analysis on the distribution and drug resistance features of anaerobes isolated from clinical infectious specimens].

Objective: To clarify distribution and drug resistance characteristics of anaerobes isolated from clinical infectious samples, and to provide experimental data for guiding on treatment of infections caused by anaerobes. Methods: The anaerobes, isolated from 1 057 different clinical specimens from inpatients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from March 2016 to November 2017, were identified by VITEK-2 anaerobes and corynebacterium (ANC) card and bacteroides fragilis isolates were further verified by 16S-rRNA sequencing. Meanwhile, broth dilution method was employed to detect the drug sensititities of bacteroides fragilis and PCR method was used to detect the carbapenem resistance gene cfiA. Results: Totally 303 strains of anaerobic bacteria were isolated, among which 199 strains were gram-negative bacteria, accounted for 65.68%. Among the gram negative anaerobes, bacteroides species were the most common, accounted for 35.64%, followed by prevotella spp., which accounted for 19.14%. B. fragilis were the most common among Bacteroides spp., accounted for 21.54%, followed by Prevotella bivia, accounted for 5.94%. The coincidence rate of 16S-rRNA sequencing results of Bacteroides fragilis and that of ANC card identification results was 100% (65/65). The drug resistance of B. fragilis to penicillin, clidamycin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic, were 100%, 90.77%, 56.92% and 66.67%, respectively. The resitance rate of B. fragilis to chloramphenicol was the lowest, which was 1.54%.Moreover, the resistance rate of B. fragilis to imipenem and metronidazole were both higher, which were 38.46%(25/65) and 23.08%(15/65), respectively, and the positive rate of beta lactamase was 100% (65/65). The carrying rate of carbapenems resistance gene cfiA for 65 strains of Bacteroides fragilis was 52.3% (34/65), and 72.00%(18/25)for imipenem resistant strains. Conclusions: The obligate anaerobic bacteria are widely distributed in clinical specimens, and the great majority are gram negative anaerobic bacteria, and the most frequently isolated one is Bacteroides fragilis. Bacteroides fragilis isolates are found to be resistant to several kinds of common antibiotics, especially for imipenem and metronidazole, which should be given more attention to.

[Autophagy regulated by JWA influenced sensitivity of esophageal cancer to cisplatin].

Objective: To explore the effect of JWA on cisplatin sensitivity and its potential molecular mechanism in esophageal cancer. Methods: The siRNA was used to inhibit the JWA expression, then cisplatin sensitivity and LC3 (autophagy related protein) expression levels were observed in TE1 cells.Further, the effect of autophagy inhibitor tamoxifen (3-MA) on above process was determined.Cisplatin sensitivity of 20 fresh esophageal cancer samples was evaluated by histoculture drug response assay (HDRA). Result: Silencing JWA gene increased the sensitivity of TE1 cells to cisplatin (P<0.05), and decreased the LC3-Ⅰ and LC3-Ⅱ proteins induced by cisplatin.Furthermore, combined with 3-MA increased the inhibition rate of cisplatin in JWA silencing group (P<0.05). Additionally, the inhibition rate of cisplatin on tissues with low JWA expression were higher than those with high expression (45.6% vs 25.6%, P=0.005). Conclusions: JWA could influence the cisplatin sensitivity by regulating autophagy in esophageal cancer.

[The study of using cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza to treat acute lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning in rats].

Objective: To study the therapy of cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza in treating acute lung injury and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis induced by paraquat poisoning. Methods: All 120 adult Wister male rats were randomly assigned to three groups, the paraquat poisoning group (rats were intragastric administration paraquat 50 mg/kg body weight once at the beginning) , the cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza therapy group (rats were given cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza 90 mg/kg body weight intragastric administration half an hour after paraquat was given, then the same dose was given once a day) ; control group (rats were intragastric administration with physiological saline) . At 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day rats were sacrificed postanesthetic respectively after paraquat exposure, sample of lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) , and venous blood were collected. GSH, SOD, TNF-α, TGF-ß1, and HYP in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) , and the lung homogenates were determined. Optical microscope was performed to examine pathological changes in lung. Results: Each experimental time point paraquat group and the treatment group rats serum SOD content significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point the treatment group rats serum SOD levels increased significantly than that of paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rats serum GSH content significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group rats 7 days time GSH content significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 21 days, 28 days GSH content was increased significantly than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rats alveolar lavage SOD content was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 7 days, 14 days time SOD content was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) , Treatment group 21 days, 28 days SOD content was increased significantly than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group and the treatment group rats alveolar lavage GSH content significantly were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group days 14 and 21 days, 28 days GSH content was increased significantly than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rats alveolar lavage TNF α levels was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 7 days, 14 days the rat alveolar lavage TNF α levels was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 21 days, 28 days TNF α content significantly was decreased than that of paraquat group (P<0.05) . Paraquat group days 14 and 21 days, 28 days HYP content was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 21 days HYP content was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) . Treatment group 28 days time HYP content in lung tissue of rats was significantly decreased than that of the paraquat group (P<0.05) . Each experimental time point paraquat group rat lung tissue (tissue homogenate) TGF-ß1 content was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Under optical microscope, the tissue damage of lung was aggravated, and reduced after cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza was administrated. Conclusion: Cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza can reduce inflammation factor releasing, and relieve lung injury. It has therapeutic effect on lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning.

Protective effects of naringin against gp120-induced injury mediated by P2X7 receptors in BV2 microglial cells.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of P2X7 receptors on gp120-induced injury and naringin's protective effects against gp120-induced injury in BV2 microglia. BV2 microglia injury model was established by gp120 treatment and MTS assay was used to verify whether naringin has a cell-protective effect against gp120-induced injury. Changes in P2X7 receptor expression were assayed using RT-PCR, qPCR, and western blot. Results showed that the ODs of the Ctrl, gp120, gp120+naringin, and gp120+BBG groups were 0.91 ± 0.10, 0.71 ± 0.09, 0.83 ± 0.10, and 0.83 ± 0.10, respectively. Compared to the control group, the gp120 group showed a significantly decreased cell survival rate. Cell survival rates of the gp120+naringin group increased significantly compared to those of the gp120 group, while no difference was observed when compared to the gp120+BBG group. The relative P2X7 mRNA expression levels in the Ctrl, gp120, gp120+naringin, and gp120+BBG groups were 0.73 ± 0.06, 1.05 ± 0.06, 0.78 ± 0.05, and 0.81 ± 0.04, respectively. The corresponding P2X7 protein expression levels were 0.46 ± 0.04, 0.79 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.07, and 0.42 ± 0.06. P2X7 mRNA and protein expression in the gp120 group increased significantly compared to those in the control group, and declined in the gp120+naringin group compared to those in the gp120 group. Therefore, P2X7 receptors might be involved in gp120-induced injury in BV2 microglia, and naringin might play a protective role by inhibiting the up-regulated expression of P2X7 receptors.

[Analysis of hemoperfusion in the treatment of thinner poisoning effect].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combination of drugs in blood perfusion-based rescue therapy of acute poisoning thinners. METHODS: Our department were retrospectively analyzed in May 2011 to October 2014, 54 cases thinners poisoning patients choose the thinner should be 44 cases of acute poisoning patients were divided into two groups. Toluene, xylene group 8 cases; Halogenated hydrocarbon group 34cases; Give blood perfusion 3 to 7 times, compared before and after the blood perfusion of toxicant concentration, results and biochemical indicators. RESULTS: By selection of 44 patients with acute thinners poisoning in 42 patients were successfully treated, the cure rate was 96%. And treatment in patients with successful both in toluene, xylene, or halogenated hydrocarbon group after blood perfusion its toxicant concentration significantly decreased; 42 patients blood perfusion treatment of the indexes of liver function after than before treatment significantly improved. CONCLUSION: The early hemoperfusion is a very effective way of acute poisoning thinners currently rescue.

Differentiation of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumour of the salivary gland: is long-to-short diameter ratio a useful parameter?

AIM: To determine the utility of the long-to-short diameter ratio (L/S ratio) and other sonographic features in the differentiation of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Warthin's tumour (WT) of the salivary gland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2013, 100 patients with 100 PAs and WTs were included in this ethics committee-approved retrospective study. For each lesion, B-mode sonographic and colour Doppler images were obtained and the L/S ratios were calculated. Surgical excision and histopathological examination were accomplished in all cases. Differences between the L/S ratio and other sonographic features for PA and WT were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 100 salivary tumours, 80 were located in the parotid (37 PAs and 43 WTs), and 20 were in the submandibular gland (19 PAs and one WT). In the parotid, the L/S ratio was 1.38±0.21 for PA and 1.73±0.46 for WT. The L/S ratio of the WTs was higher than that of the PAs (p<0.001). Applying a cut-off of 1.519, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiation of PA and WT in the parotid were 69.8%, 81.1%, and 75%, respectively; however, the accuracy dropped to 42.9% in diagnosing masses with ≥50% macroscopic cystic structures. When those masses were excluded, the accuracy rose to 78.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The L/S ratio when used with other ultrasound features aids differentiation between PA and WT in the parotid gland; however, masses with macroscopic cystic structures ≥50% should not be judged by this parameter.

Functional polymorphisms in microRNA gene and hepatitis B risk among Asian population: a meta-analysis.

Genetic mutations in microRNA gene can alter expression, which may interact to increase the risk of developing various diseases, including hepatitis B. However, published results are inconclusive or ambiguous. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to more precisely estimate the association between polymorphisms in microRNA genes and hepatitis B risk. A digital search was performed of the MEDLINE EMBASE, CNKI, and CBM databases to identify relevant articles published up to February 18, 2014. Ten case-control studies were included, with a total of 6042 patients with hepatitis B and 6834 healthy controls. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the miRNA gene were examined, including miR-34b/c [rs4938723 (T>C)], miR-196a-2 [rs11614913 (C>T)], miR-146a [rs2910164 (G>C)], miR-499 [rs3746444 (T>C)], miR-122 [rs3783553 (ins/del)], miR-149 [rs2292832 (C>T)], miR-106b-25 [rs999885 (A>G)], miR-let-7c [rs6147150 (ins/del)], and miR-218 [rs11134527 (A>G)]. The meta-analysis results indicated that the miR-196a-2*T, miR-122*del, miR-106b-25*A, and miR-let-7c*del alleles/carriers increase the risk of hepatitis B among the Asian population. However, the miR-146a, miR- 499, miR-149, miR-218, and miR-34b/c polymorphisms may not be linked with the risk of hepatitis B. Further investigations are warranted to determine the exact associations between microRNA mutations and hepatitis B susceptibility.