RESUMO
The synergism of host Paris polyphylla medium, the monoculture, and the coculture led to seventeen new metabolites, including eight sesquiterpenes, 1-7 having uncommon structural motifs compared to similar caryophyllene derivatives, 8 with an unprecedented bicyclic framework, and three xyloketals (13-15) with unprecedented frameworks from Nigrospora lacticolonia; one polyketide, 17 with novel bicyclo [2.2.2] undecane skeleton, and five polyketide-terpenoid hybrids, 20 (one novel sulfated), 21-24 from Penicillium rubens. The structures were determined mainly by the NMR, HRESIMS, ECD calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Nine cryptic compounds (2-4, 5, 12-15, 17) were produced by the inductions of host medium and the coculture. The compounds 13 from N. lacticolonia, 24-26, 28, 29, and 31 from P. rubens indicated significant antiphytopathogenic activities against N. lacticolonia with MICs at 2-4 µg/mL. Moreover, compounds 22-26, 28, 29, and 31 from P. rubens showed antifungal activities against P. rubens with MICs at 2-4 µg/mL. The synergistic effects of host medium and the coculture can induce the structural diversity of metabolites.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cocultura , Penicillium , Penicillium/química , Penicillium/metabolismo , Penicillium/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascomicetos/química , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Relação Dose-Resposta a DrogaRESUMO
Jiangchuanmycin (1), a new indole containing pyrrolizidine, and six known peptides (2-7) were obtained from the fermentation broth of a Streptomyces isolate collected from a sediment sample of Xingyun Lake, Jiangchuan, China. Their structures were elucidated on the detailed analysis of the HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and X-ray crystallographic data. Jiangchuanmycin (1) presented weak inhibitory effects on cell lines of H1299, MHCC97H, HCT116 with the IC50 values of 97.6â µM, 98.6â µM and 40.6â µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Streptomyces , Streptomyces/química , Estrutura Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Espectroscopia de Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
The endophyte Nemania primolutea, inhibited the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum in the coculture system. Four new compounds, nemmolutines A-B (1-2), and penigenumin (3) from N. primolutea, penemin (4) from P. chrysogenum were isolated from the coculture. On the other hand, P. chrysogenum inhibited the Aspergillus fumigatus in the coculture. Induced metabolites (13-16) with monasone naphthoquinone scaffolds including a new one from P. chrysogenum were produced by the coculture of P. chrysogenum, and A. fumigatus. Interesting, cryptic metabolites penicichrins A-B isolated from wild P. chrysogenum induced by host Ziziphus jujuba medium were also found in induced P. chrysogenum cultured in PDB ordinary medium. So the induction of penicichrin production by supplementing with host extract occurred in the fungus P. chrysogenum not the host medium. The productions of penicichrins were the spontaneous metabolism, and the metabolites (13-16) were the culture driven. Compounds 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, and 15 showed significant antifungal activities against the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata with MICS of 1-8 µg/mL, and compounds 7, 9, and 12 indicated significant antifeedant activities against silkworms with feeding deterrence indexes (FDIs) of 92 %, 66 %, and 64 %. The carboxy group in 4-(2-hydroxybutynoxy)benzoic acid derivatives, and xylabisboeins; the hydroxy group in mellein derivatives; and the quinoid in monasone naphthoquinone increased the antifungal activities.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Penicillium chrysogenum , Penicillium , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/química , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolismo , Penicillium/química , Penicillium/metabolismo , Penicillium chrysogenum/química , Penicillium chrysogenum/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/química , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura/métodosRESUMO
Five new bisabolane sesquiterpenes, a new polyketide, along with seven known compounds, were isolated from endophyte Schizophyllum commune associated with a famous medicinal and edible plant, Gastrodia elata. Most compounds 1-12, and extract indicated antifeedant activities against silkworm with feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 21-85 %, at concentrations of 20â µg/cm2 , 40â µg/cm2 , respectively. Compound 6 indicated obvious insecticidal activity with fatality rate of 60 %, at the concentration of 20â µg/cm2 . Five bisabolane sesquiterpenes, two ergosterols, and a glyceride showed insecticidal synergism by combining with abamectin. Interesting, ergosterol peroxide (13) distributed widely in mushrooms and fungi, was found to have feeding attractant activities on insects and antifungal activity against entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. The reciprocal relationship should be occurred between S. commune and pests for the fungus produced ergosterol peroxide to attract the pests propagating spore, and its anti-entomopathogen activity was also benefit for the health of insects.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Schizophyllum , Sesquiterpenos , Animais , Endófitos , Fungos , Insetos , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos , Schizophyllum/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismoRESUMO
A new globoscinic acid derivative, aspertubin A (1) along with four known compounds, were obtained from the co-culture of Aspergillus tubingensis S1120 with red ginseng. The chemical structures of compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic methods, the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism. Panaxytriol (2) from red ginseng, and asperic acid (4) showed significant antifeedant effect with the antifeedant rates of 75 % and 80 % at the concentrations of 50â µg/cm2 . Monomeric carviolin (3) and asperazine (5) displayed weak attractant activity on silkworm. All compounds were assayed for antifungal activities against phytopathogens A.â tubingensis, Nigrospora oryzae and Phoma herbarum and the results indicated that autotoxic aspertubin A (1) and panaxytriol (2) possessed selective inhibition against A.â tubingensis with MIC values at 8â µg/mL. The co-culture extract showed higher antifeedant and antifungal activities against P.â herbarum than those of monoculture of A.â tubingensis in ordinary medium. So the medicinal plant and endophyte showed synergistic effect on the plant disease resistance by active compounds from the coculture of A.â tubingensis S1120 and red ginseng.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/química , Aspergillus/química , Repelentes de Insetos/química , Panax/química , Animais , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Bombyx/efeitos dos fármacos , Bombyx/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Enedi-Inos/química , Enedi-Inos/isolamento & purificação , Enedi-Inos/farmacologia , Álcoois Graxos/química , Álcoois Graxos/isolamento & purificação , Álcoois Graxos/farmacologia , Repelentes de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Repelentes de Insetos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Conformação Molecular , Panax/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Panax/metabolismo , Phoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plantas Medicinais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismoRESUMO
Actinomycetes have being regarded as a treasure reservoir of various bioactive secondary metabolites and devoted many antibiotics in clinicals. Amycolatopsis sp. YNNP 00208 was isolated from a soil sample collected in Gaoligong Mountain area, Yunnan Province, China. Chemical investigation of its fermentation broth led to a new amide, baoshanmycin (1), and a new furanone derivative, 3-(1,3-dihydroxybutyl)-4-methylfuran-2(H)-one (2), together with eight known compounds, including two amides (3-4), four cyclic dipeptides (5-8), and two deoxyribonucleosides (9-10). Their structures were established on basis of the 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data, along with the HR-ESI-MS experiments. Baoshanmycin (1) showed moderate antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans, and weak activities against Staphylococcus aureus, multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Baoshanmycin (1) presented strong antioxidant activity and moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. The other compound 3-(1,3-dihydroxybutyl)-4-methylfuran-2(H)-one (2) and the known compounds (3-10) showed moderate antioxidant activity.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Amycolatopsis , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , China , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , SoloRESUMO
Eight new compounds (1-8) were discovered from Trichoderma harzianum associated with edible mushroom by the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy. Triharzianin A (1) is the first naturally scaffold characterized by a C13-prostaglandin skeleton. The configurations of 1-3, and 5 were determined by the Mosher's method, experimental and calculated ECD spectra, and plausible biosynthesis of stereospecific epoxidation. Most compounds indicated obvious feeding attractant activities to silkworm with attraction rates at 30-90%. Compound 7 showed anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) activity with a ratio of 29% at a concentration of 50 µM for insecticidal potential. So 2,â3-âdialkylchromone (7) had potential of chemical entrapment and killing of insects. Compounds 2, 3 and 7-11 showed antifungal activities against Aspergillus fumigates, and Trichoderma sp. from mushroom with MICs ≤ 300 µM. The four fermentation extracts also indicated obvious feeding attractant activities to silkworm for the activities brought by active metabolites from T. harzianum. The material base of biocontrol induced by the interaction of host-fungal symbiont can be investigated by the antifungal metabolites against pathogen fungi.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Trichoderma/química , Trichoderma/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/metabolismo , Teoria da Densidade Funcional , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Endophytic fungi play important roles for host's stress tolerance including invasion by pathogenic microbes. Small molecules are common weapons in the microbe-microbe interactions. Panax notoginseng is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plant and harbors many endophytes, some exert functions against pathogens. Here, we report six new compounds named myrothins A-F (1-6) produced by Myrothecium sp. BS-31, an endophyte isolated from P. notoginseng, and their antifungal activities against pathogenic fungi causing host root-rot disease. Their structures were elucidated with analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS. Myrothins B (2) and E (5) showed the weak activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma herbarum, and myrothins F (6) showed weak activity against F. oxysporum.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Endófitos/química , Hypocreales/química , Panax notoginseng/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Phoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Ten compounds (1-10) were obtained from soil-derived Penicillium cremeogriseum W1-1 with the antimicrobial guided isolation procedure. Among them, 4 presented broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and its preliminary mechanisms were evaluated. Compound 4 showed growth inhibition on drug-resistant pathogenic strains Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with post-contact effect (PCE), changed the morphology and membrane structure, killed cells with leakage, inhibited the growth of C. albicans by eradicating biofilms. Interestingly, the fraction containing 4 presented in vivo anti-pathogenic activities in mice, indicating this indole diterpenoid alkaloid could been used as potential antimicrobial agent.
RESUMO
The distinctive nature of the endophyte Irpex lacteus, host plant, and the phytopathogen Collectotrichum gloeosporioides resulted in both negative and positive regulation of the production of phytotoxins from Nigrospora oryzae. The coculture of nonhomologous I. lacteus and N. oryzae resulted in a greater number of anti-phytopathogenic metabolites from the dominant endophyte than the coculture of homologous I. lacteus and N. oryzae. The coculture of the phytopathogen N. oryzae and either the nonhomologous (isolation of I. lacteus and N. oryzae from the different plants) or homologous (isolation of I. lacteus and N. oryzae from the same plant) endophyte I. lacteus from different sources indicated that the nonhomologous I. lacteus grew faster than the homologous I. lacteus, and the production of phytotoxic azaphilone from the phytopathogenic N. oryzae decreased due to the inhibition resulting from being cocultured with nonhomologous I. lacteus. On the other hand, the production of phytotoxic azaphilone was promoted by the coculture of two phytopathogens, N. oryzae and C. gloeosporioides. The extract of the host plant, Dendrobium officinale, also increased anti-phytopathogenic metabolite production. Six new phytotoxic azaphilones from N. oryzae, four new tremulane sesquiterpenes from I. lacteus, and a new polyketone were isolated. The endophyte-phytopathogen, phytopathogen-phytopathogen, and endophyte-phytopathogen-host interactions can induce the chemical diversity of novel anti-phytopathogenic metabolites.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Dendrobium/microbiologia , Dendrobium/toxicidade , Polyporales/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzopiranos , Técnicas de Cocultura , Endófitos , Cetonas/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Pigmentos Biológicos/biossíntese , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Polyporales/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
An investigation of a co-culture of the Armillaria sp. and endophytic fungus Epicoccum sp. YUD17002 associated with Gastrodia elata led to the isolation of eight new compounds, including five protoilludane-type sesquiterpenes (1-5) and three aryl esters (6-8), together with six known analogues (9-14). The assignments of their structures were conducted via extensive analyses of the spectroscopic data and comparison of experimental and calculatedelectronic circular dichroism(ECD)data. Notably, these new compounds were not present in the pure culture controls and were only detected in the co-cultures. Compound 4 is the first example of an ent-protoilludane sesquiterpenoid scaffold bearing a five-membered lactone. Compound 6 exhibited moderate in vitro cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, MCF-7, SMMC-7721, and SW480) with IC50 values ranging from 15.80 to 23.03 µM. Moreover, 6 showed weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 23.85 µM).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Armillaria/química , Ascomicetos/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Técnicas de Cocultura , Gastrodia/química , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/química , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/isolamento & purificação , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The ω-hydroxyl-panaxytriol (1) and ω-hydroxyl-dihydropanaxytriol (2)-are rare examples of polyacetylene metabolism by microbial transformation, and these new metabolites (1, 2) from fermented red ginseng (FRG) by solid co-culture induction of two Chaetomium globosum should be the intermediates of biotransformation of panaxylactone (metabolite A). The metabolic pathway of panaxylactone was also exhibited. The ingredients of red ginseng (RG) also induced the production of rare 6/5/5 tricyclic ring spiro-γ-lactone skeleton (3). The ω-hydroxylation of new intermediates (1, 2) decreases cytotoxicity and antifungal activity against C. globosum compared with that of its bioprecursor panaxytriol. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 indicated obvious inhibition against nitric oxide (NO) production, with ratios of 44.80 ± 1.37 and 23.10 ± 1.00% at 50 µM. 1 has an equivalent inhibition of NO production compared with the positive drug. So, the microbial biotransformation that occurred in FRG fermented by gut C. globosum can change the original bioactivity of polyacetylene, which gave a basis about the metabolic modification of red ginseng by intestinal fungus fermentation.
Assuntos
Chaetomium/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Lactonas , Panax/química , Polímero Poliacetilênico/metabolismo , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Co-culturing the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. YUD17001 from Gastrodia elata with Armillaria sp. in liquid nutrient medium resulted in the production of five new secondary metabolites, including two phenolic compounds, phexandiols A and B (1 and 2), three aliphatic ester derivatives, phomesters A-C (3-5), and a known fatty acid (6). The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of data from detailed spectroscopic analysis, Mosher's method, and electronic circular dichroism spectra, together with consideration of the biogenetic origins. None of the five new compounds were detected in single-strain cultures under identical fermentation conditions. The results of this work indicated that the production of 1-5 involved a complicated interaction process. None of the new compounds possessed significant cytotoxicity or antimicrobial activities.
Assuntos
Armillaria/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Simbiose , Dicroísmo Circular , Técnicas de Cocultura , FermentaçãoRESUMO
Introduction: With the rapid development of information technology and online communities, patients in growing numbers choose to consult physicians in online health communities (OHCs) for information and treatment. Although many researchers have examined OHCs, the impact of physicians' online rating and activeness on patient consultation choice, which is reflected by the number of patients in OHCs, has rarely been discussed.Methods: A computer program was developed to download the required data. We collected data from 8,401 physicians from an online health community, Good Doctor Online, and analyzed data with Stata. An empirical model was conducted to explore the factors that influence the number of patients who consult a physician in OHCs.Results: The results indicate that the online rating and activeness of physicians have positive effects on the number of patients. Furthermore, the physician's professional seniority and hospital rank significantly moderate this positive relationship. As hospital levels increase, the impacts of the online rating and activeness on the number of patients decrease. In addition, the online rating has a weaker influence on the number of patients when a physician has a high professional seniority.Conclusions: It is important to understand what factors influence the number of patients who choose to consult physicians in OHCs. This study aims to explore the effects of online rating and activeness of physicians on the number of patients, as well as the moderating effects of the physician's professional seniority and hospital rank. Our results have implications for existing health management and e-health literature, and OHC designers.
Assuntos
Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Telemedicina/normas , Animais , Comunicação , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , MasculinoRESUMO
In this study, the co-culture of Nigrospora oryzae and Beauveria bassiana, the endophytes in the seeds of Dendrobium officinale, were examined for metabolite diversity. Five new azaphilones were isolated, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. In terms of azaphilones, compound 2 had an unprecedented skeleton, with a bicyclic oxygen bridge. The antifungal selectivities of the metabolite produced by N. oryzae against its co-culture fungus, B. bassiana, and common pathogens exhibited competitive interaction in this mix-culture. Compounds 1 and 2 showed obvious nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity with ratios of 37%, and 39%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 µM.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Pigmentos Biológicos/biossíntese , Antibiose , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Benzopiranos/química , Benzopiranos/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Cocultura , Endófitos/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Pigmentos Biológicos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Stachybotrys sp. PH30583 cultured in liquid medium only led to one structure type of novel isochroman dimers. Using the one strain-many compounds strategy, the reinvestigation of the metabolites from Stachybotrys sp. PH30583 cultured in rice solid medium led to the isolation of four triprenyl phenols, including two new bisabosquals and two known phenylspirodrimanes. Nitrobisabosquals A and B (1 and 2) are the first case of pyrrolidone-bisabosquals reported in literature. Totally different compounds were isolated using rice solid medium, compared with those isolated using liquid medium, so that rice solid medium presents a key factor in the production of triprenyl phenols. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against tumor cells, A-549, HL-60, MCF-7 SMMC-7721, and SW480, as well as weak anticoagulant activity with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 32.1 ± 0.17 s (p < 0.05 vs. Con.) at a concentration of 5 mM. Triprenyl phenol metabolites could be used as chemotaxonomic markers for Stachybotrys.
Assuntos
Fenóis/química , Stachybotrys/química , Anticoagulantes/química , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Stachybotrys/metabolismoRESUMO
The rare anishidiol and five new isochromans, including three novel dimers with unprecedented skeletons, were isolated from Stachybotrys sp. PH30583. Their structures were determined by spectral analyses. The bioactivities of these compounds were also investigated. The dimers (6-10) inhibited acetylcholinesterase at 50 µM, but the monomers did not. To investigate the biogenesis of the novel dimers, a time-course investigation of metabolite production was undertaken.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Cromanos/isolamento & purificação , Stachybotrys/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Cromanos/química , Cromanos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fermentação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Eight new fungal polyketides named koningiopisins A-H (1-8) and four previously known polyketides (9-12) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH 30002. Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectral data interpretation, and their antifungal and synergistic activities were also evaluated. Koningiopisin C (3) exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina with an MIC of 16 µg/mL. Although the antifungal activities of single compounds were not obvious, a mixture of six compounds (4-9) exhibited potent synergistic antifungal activity against P. cucumerina with an MIC of 16 µg/mL, and the antifungal activity of the mixture of any two compounds with a 1:1 ratio was better than that observed from the individual compound. The synergistic biological activity of the metabolites in YIM PH 30002 demonstrates the significant ecological function of the endophyte for its host plant, and provides additional insight into the search for and development of agents for biological control.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Policetídeos/isolamento & purificação , Trichoderma/química , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Policetídeos/química , Policetídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
One new cyclohexenone derivative, asperfumtone A (1) along with six known compounds were obtained from the coculture of Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata associated with Coffea arabica. The configuration of 2 was first reported in the research. The structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and ECD calculation. Compounds 3, 4 and 7 showed significant antifungal activities against coffee phytopathogens A. alternata and Fusarium incarnatum with MICs of 1 µg/mL. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antifungal activities against A. alternata and F. incarnatum with MICs of 32-64 µg/mL.
Assuntos
Aspergillus fumigatus , Coffea , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Técnicas de Cocultura , Alternaria , MitomicinaRESUMO
Transparent protective coatings capable of preventing fog and dust accumulation have broad application prospect in photovoltaic systems, optical devices and consumer electronics. Although a number of superhydrophobic coatings have been developed for self-cleaning purpose over the past three decades, there is still a lack of surfaces that can simultaneously possess high transparency, remarkable superhydrophobicity, and excellent fog and dust resistance. In this study, we have prepared surfaces featuring sub-wavelength nanofiber cluster structures through a facile plasma etching method, and further modified the surface with liquid-like perfluoropolyether (PFPE) brushes. The prepared PFPE modified nanofibrous surface (PFPE-NS) exhibits superior optical transparency (transmittance 90.4 % ± 0.7 %) and water repellency, with a water contact angle as high as 171.0° ± 0.6° and sliding angle down to 0.5° ± 0.1° (5 µL). More importantly, benefitted from the nanofiber cluster structures and the slippery liquid-like surface chemistry, the adhesion and accumulation of fog droplets and dust particles on PFPE-NS is greatly inhibited. As a consequence, PFPE-NS can keep excellent optical clearness after 2 h fogging test and maintain an average transmittance above 87 % after 24 h dusting test. Our study provides a promising strategy through constructing liquid-like nanofibrous coating for optical protection that could be applicable in practical rainy, foggy, and dusty environments.