Spillover effects on the relationship with the partner of a mentalization-based intervention for pregnant women.

The birth of a child has been associated with a decline in couple satisfaction, which has implications for the child's social-emotional development. This study investigated the potential spillover effect on pregnant women's perceptions of their relationships with their partners of the Supporting the Transition to and Engagement in Parenthood (STEP) program, a brief trauma-informed mentalization-based prenatal group intervention. Participants (94% White) were recruited in prenatal clinics and through online advertisements in Quebec, Canada. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from participants assigned to the STEP program (n = 42) and those receiving treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 125). Women participating in STEP reported significant improvements in their relationships with their partners compared to those assigned to TAU. More precisely, they reported higher couple satisfaction, enhanced communication, and increased interest in their partners' emotional experience. The qualitative analysis further substantiated these results, with participants reporting having involved their partners in their pregnancy, shared their insights about themselves with their partners and gained fresh perspectives on their relationships. Participants in STEP also expressed sharing program materials with their partners and considered that such interventions should be extended to expecting fathers. This study underscores the potential of mentalization-based interventions to indirectly contribute to couple relationships, which may have positive implications for parenting and the infant.

Se ha asociado el nacimiento de un niño con una disminución en la satisfacción de la pareja, lo cual tiene implicaciones para el desarrollo socioemocional del niño. Este estudio investigó el potencial efecto derrame en las relaciones de mujeres embarazadas con sus parejas, del programa STEP, un grupo prenatal de intervención breve, informado sobre el trauma y con base en la mentalización. A las participantes (94% blancos) se les reclutó en clínicas prenatales y por medio de anuncios en línea en Quebec, Canadá. Se recogió información tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa de las participantes asignadas al programa STEP (n = 42) y de aquellas que recibían tratamiento como de costumbre (TAU; n = 125). Las mujeres que participaban en STEP reportaron significativas mejoras en las relaciones con sus parejas comparadas con aquellas asignadas al grupo TAU. Más precisamente, ellas reportaron una más alta satisfacción de acoplamiento, una mejorada comunicación y un aumento en el interés en la experiencia emocional de sus parejas. Los análisis cualitativos sustentaron además estos resultados, con reportes de las participantes de haber hecho a sus parejas partícipes en el embarazo, compartido su sentir acerca de sí mismas con sus parejas y haber adquirido perspectivas renovadas acerca de sus relaciones. Las participantes en STEP también expresaron que habían compartido materiales del programa con sus parejas y considerado que tales intervenciones deben extenderse a los papás que esperan un hijo. Este estudio subraya la potencialidad de las intervenciones con base en la mentalización para contribuir indirectamente a las relaciones de pareja, lo cual pudiera tener implicaciones positivas para la crianza y el infante.

Mother-Stepfather Coparenting in Stepfamilies as Predictor of Child Adjustment.

Coparenting between biological parents is a strong predictor of child adjustment. To date, however, little is known about the coparenting dynamics between parent and stepparent in stepfamilies. This study aimed at exploring the links between coparenting in the mother-stepfather dyad and child behavior in stepfamilies compared with the links between mother-father coparenting and child behavior in first-marriage families. Two modes of coparenting were assessed: overt coparenting, that is, coparental behaviors in the presence of the child, and covert coparenting, that is, the way each parent speaks of the other parent to the child. The sample (N = 80) comprised 48 stepfamilies and 32 first-marriage families with a child between 7 and 13 years old. Overt coparenting was assessed through direct observation in the standardized situation of the PicNic Game. Covert coparenting and child behavior were assessed through mother-reported questionnaires. Results showed (a) more covert coparenting behaviors in first-marriage families, (b) no differences in overt coparenting, (c) more child difficulties reported in stepfamilies, (d) less optimal overt coparenting being linked with more difficulties in children in both family structures, and (e) an interaction effect between family structure and coparenting, showing that overt coparenting is linked with child behavior mainly in stepfamilies.

La cocrianza entre padres biológicos es una buena predictora de la adaptación del niño. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, se sabe muy poco acerca de la dinámica de cocrianza entre padre/madre y padrastro/madrastra en las familias ensambladas. La finalidad de este estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la cocrianza en la díada madre-padrastro y comportamiento del niño en familias ensambladas comparadas con las relaciones entre la cocrianza de la madre y el padre y el comportamiento del niño en familias formadas por un matrimonio en primeras nupcias. Se evaluaron dos formas de cocrianza: la cocrianza abierta, es decir, los comportamientos coparentales en presencia del niño, y la cocrianza encubierta, es decir, la manera en la que cada padre habla del otro padre al niño. La muestra (N = 80) constituyó 48 familias ensambladas y 32 familias de matrimonios en primeras nupcias con un niño de entre 7 y 13 años. La cocrianza abierta se evaluó mediante la observación directa en la situación estandarizada del juego del picnic. La cocrianza encubierta y el comportamiento del niño se evaluaron mediante cuestionarios informados por la madre. Los resultados demostraron (a) más comportamientos de cocrianza encubierta en las familias formadas por matrimonios en primeras nupcias, (b) ninguna difrencia en la cocrianza abierta, (c) más dificultades de los niños informadas en las familias ensambladas, (d) menos cocrianza abierta óptima ligada a más dificultades en los niños en ambas estructuras familiares, y (e) un efecto de interacción entre la estructura familiar y la cocrianza, lo cual demuestra que la cocrianza abierta está asociada con el comportamiento del niño principalmente en las familias ensambladas.

Relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of participants in the DIADA project and the rate of compliance with follow-up assessments in the initial stage of the intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Analyse the relationship between the sociodemographic profile of the DIADA study participants and the rate of compliance with the follow-up assessments in the early stage of this project's intervention for depression and unhealthy alcohol use offered within primary care. METHODS: A non-experimental quantitative analysis was conducted. The sociodemographic data of DIADA [Detección y Atención Integral de Depresión y Abuso de Alcohol en Atención Primaria (Detection and Integrated Care for Depression and Alcohol Use in Primary Care)] study participants had been previously collected. At the time of the evaluation (September 12, 2019), only the participants who had been in the project for a minimum of 3 months were included. By using univariate (Chi-squared) analyses, we studied the association between participants' sociodemographic profile and their rate of compliance with the first follow-up assessment at 3 months after study initiation. RESULTS: At the date of the evaluation, 584 adult participants were identified, of which 389 had been involved in the project for more than 3 months. From the participants included, 320 performed the first follow-up, while 69 did not. The compliance rate to the first follow-up was 82.3% (95 % [CI] 78.1%-86%) and was not affected by: site location, age, sex, civil status, level of education, use of smartphone, PHQ9 score (measuring depression symptomatology) or AUDIT score (measuring harmful alcohol use). Participants who do not use a smartphone, from rural areas and with a lower socioeconomic status, tended to show higher compliance rates. Statistically significant associations were found; participants with lower job stability and a lack of access to the Internet showed higher compliance rates to the early initial follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The compliance rate was high and generally constant in spite of the variability of the sociodemographic profiles of the participants, although several sub-groups of participants showed particularly high rates of compliance. These findings may suggest that integrating mental health into primary care allows the structural and financial barriers that hinder access to health in Colombia to be broken down by raising awareness about mental illnesses, their high prevalence and the importance of timely and accessible medical management.

Patterns of digital information and communication technology use among patients at primary health care centres in Colombia: Phase I of the DIADA project.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the prevalence and types of digital technology use, as well as the extent to which patients use the internet and mobile devises. Evaluate the socioeconomic characteristics of patients and the possible relation to patterns of technology use in Colombia. Understand the nature of patient technology use in primary care for finding medical information. METHODS: A survey was applied to adult patients who attended primary health care centers systems in 6 Colombian cities. The survey inquired about demographic characteristics, insurance, access to services, cell phone use, internet access, and the use of such technology to access health-related services and information. Data was collected and managed using REDCap. Summary statistics on each survey item were calculated and the differences between discrete variables were analyzed using chi-square. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis for binary dependent variables. RESULTS: A total of 1580 patients were surveyed across the six study sites. 93% of the patients reported they have a cell phone. Patients from urban healthcare centers showed a higher use of the Internet on their phone than less urban settings. Around half of the surveyed patients reported Internet use (49.7%). Among Internet users, 65% of participants use the Internet looking for health care information. Around one-third of patients use cellphones to arrange clinic visits. Around 24% of participants answered positively for both Whooley's questions. Of those who screened positive on the Whooley questions, 43% reported being moderately anxious, 47% reported being very anxious. 51% reported having moderate pain; 52% reported having severe pain. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of technology use identified in this study are essential for developing future health interventions based on ICT. The design of ICT clinical interventions must take into account the cellphone payment plans, availability of internet connection, advantages, and disadvantages of messenger services, including SMS as a possible alternative to people who do not have smartphones.

Needs of people with psychosis and their caregivers: «In their own voice¼. / Necesidades de las personas con psicosis y sus cuidadores: «en voz propia¼.

INTRODUCTION: Improvement in mental health care services is going through a greater involvement of people with mental disorders and their families. Our aim was to directly ask the opinion of people with psychosis and their caregivers about their needs and preference for treatment. METHODS: The authors designed an anonymous survey containing 9questions about their needs or suggestions on different areas such as personal and social dimensions of the illness, medical and psychotherapeutic treatment, psychosocial rehabilitation or help received from professionals. A pilot study was done to ensure the adequacy and intelligibility of the form. The final survey consisted of 5.205 completed surveys were collected, corresponding to 2.840 people diagnosed with psychotic disorder (including schizophrenia) and 1.341 caregivers, from all over Spain. RESULTS: The most important need as assessed by participants was emotional support (friendships, partner, family). 91% of patients indicated that this need was «quite¼ or «very important¼. Both people with schizophrenia and caregivers perceived their health to be poor (3.29 and 3.30 respectively on an ascending scale from 0 to 5). 43% of males and 39% of females reported having «little¼ or «no¼ freedom to make important life decisions. For 35% of participants the psychotherapeutic treatment was instituted too late. Work was «important¼ or «very important¼ for 74% of respondents, especially for young people. The most valued anti-stigma initiative was to increase investments in schizophrenia healthcare plans. CONCLUSIONS: Designers of mental health care services should consider the importance given by people diagnosed with psychosis to emotional needs, perception of freedom to make choices and early intervention.

La relación entrenador-deportista: propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación al castellano del CART-Q / The coach-athlete relationship: psychometric properties of the spanish version of the CART-Q

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron adaptar al castellano y examinar la validez de constructo del Cuestionario de Relación Entrenador-Deportista (CART-Q). Compusieron la muestra 162 deportistas(43.2% mujeres), especialistas de varias modalidades, con edades comprendidas entre los16 y los 59 años (M= 26.41,d.t. = 8.98).Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio que reveló una estructura trifactorial, con adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste (GFI: .951,CFI: .890,TLI: .952)y error (RMSEA: .078,RMR: .067).En cuanto a las diferencias de género y nivel, se observó una interacción: las mujeres profesionales se mostraron significativamente más cercanas con sus entrenadores que el resto de participantes. Los resultados apoyan el uso del instrumento en el contexto de las relaciones deportivas hispanoparlantes. Se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las diferencias de género y nivel encontradas para mejorar la satisfacción de deportistas. (AU)

The aims of the present study were to adapt into Spanish and examine the construct validity of the Coach-Sport Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). A total of 162 sports(wo)men (43.2% women), players of differente sports, were between 16 and 59 years old (M = 26.41, SD = 8.98), made up the sample. A confirmatory factorial analysis, revealed a trifactorial structure. Indexes of goodness-of-fit (GFI: .951; CFI: .890; TLI: .952 and error (RMSEA: .078; RMR: .067) were adequate. Regarding gender and level differences, professional sportswomen were significantly closer to their coaches than the rest of the participants. Results support the use of the instrument in the context of Spanish-speaking sport relationships. Gender and level differences need to be taken into account for the improvement of athletes’ relational satisfaction. (AU)

Intervenciones de autocuidado diádico en la insuficiencia cardíacacrónica en el contexto hospitalario: una revisión sistemática / Dyadic self-care interventions in chronic heart failure in hospital settings: a systematic review

El autocuidado diádico en la insuficiencia cardiaca cró-nica (ICC) es clave para garantizar la continuidad del tra-tamiento, disminuir las complicaciones y los reingresos, yminimizar la sobrecarga del cuidador, pero demanda estra-tegias específicas. El objetivo fue identificar las intervencio-nes de autocuidado diádico en la ICC en el contexto hospi-talario mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura enPubMed, CINAHL y PsycInfo; la calidad metodológica se valo-ró según las herramientas de CASPe y del Joanna Briggs Ins-titute. Se identificaron los principales componentes de lasintervenciones: formato de administración; dimensiones yestrategias utilizadas (cognitivo-actitudinal, afectiva-emo-cional y conductual); proveedores y receptores; instrumen-tos de medida utilizados; y efectividad. La mayoría de estu-dios mejoraron los resultados, especialmente síntomas dedepresión y/o ansiedad, adherencia al tratamiento, dieta ycontrol del peso. Se recomiendan intervenciones innova-doras que incluyan componentes de las tres dimensionesidentificadas y el uso de escalas válidas, fiables y específicaspara medir los resultados.(AU)

Dyadic self-care in chronic heart failure (CHF) is key toensure treatment continuity, reduce complications and re-admissions, and minimise caregiver burden, but it requiresspecific strategies. The aim of the study was to identify dy-adic self-management interventions in CHF in hospital set-tings by means of a systematic literature review conductedin the Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases. Methodo-logical quality was assessed according to CASPe and JoannaBriggs Institute tools. The main components of the inter-ventions were identified: delivery format; dimensions andstrategies used (cognitive-attitudinal, affective-emotionaland behavioural); providers and recipients; measurementinstruments used; and effectiveness. Most of the studiesdemonstrated improved outcomes, especially in depressionand/or anxiety symptoms, adherence to treatment, diet andweight control. Innovative interventions that include com-ponents of the three dimensions identified and the use ofvalid, reliable and specific scales to measure outcomes arerecommended(AU)

Competencia para el cuidado y barreras en el acceso a la salud en la diada persona con enfermedad crónica y su cuidador familiar de zona rural / Competence for care and barriers in access to health in the dyad person with chronic illness and their family caregiver in rural areas

Objetivo: Describir la competencia para el cuidado e identificar las barreras para el acceso a los servicios de salud en la diada persona con enfermedad crónica y su cuidador familiar que viven en zona rural. Método: estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde participaron 218 diadas (paciente con enfermedad crónica-cuidador familiar) que asistieron a la E.S.E. Hospital San Francisco de Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia durante el primer semestre de 2019. Instrumentos: Ficha de caracterización de la diada cuidador - persona con enfermedad crónica GCPC-UN-D; Competencia para el cuidado en el hogar paciente y cuidador versión abreviada; Encuesta de acceso a servicios de salud para hogares colombianos EASS. Análisis: se utilizó estadística descriptiva y el tratamiento de los datos se dio mediante el uso del software IBM SPSS. Resultados: Las personas con enfermedad crónica en su mayoría eran mujeres, de estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, con nivel educativo bajo (analfabetismo y primaria incompleta), ocupación principal: hogar, con una percepción de apoyo familiar alta; en cuanto a las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones que más utilizaban eran la televisión y radio, aunque no eran vistas como soporte en el cuidado. Los cuidadores familiares en su mayoría eran mujeres, principalmente esposas o hijas del paciente, de estrato socioeconómicos 1 y 2, con nivel educativo en su mayoría estudios profesionales, con ocupación principal: hogar, con una percepción de apoyo familiar alta, las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones más que más utilizaban eran televisión, radio y teléfono, sin embargo, no eran percibidas como soporte en el cuidado. En general la diada, presentaba bajos ingresos económicos y afiliación al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud primordialmente mediante régimen subsidiado. La competencia para el cuidado en el hogar de la diada en general y por dimensiones presenta puntajes altos, siendo más bajos en la persona con enfermedad crónica que en el cuidador. Las principales barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud, identificadas en la diada fueron las barreras administrativas, de desplazamiento y económicas. Conclusión: el estudio de la competencia para el cuidado en la diada paciente con enfermedad crónica y su cuidador familiar se constituye en un área de interés, en la cual se hace necesario un trabajo constante enfocado en mejorar las condiciones de salud de dicha población.

Objective: Describe the competence for care and identify the barriers to access to health services in the dyad person with chronic illness and their family caregiver living in the rural area. Method: quantitative, exploratory and descriptive crosssectional study, in which 218 dyads (patient with chronic disease-family caregiver) attended the E.S.E. San Francisco Hospital of Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia during the first half of 2019. Instruments: Characterization sheet of the caretaker dyad - person with chronic disease GCPC-UN-D; Competence for patient home care and caregiver abbreviated version; Survey of access to health services for Colombian households EASS. Analysis: Descriptive statistics were specified and the data was processed using the IBM SPSS software. Results: People with chronic disease were mostly women, from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2, with low educational level (incomplete primary and illiteracy), main occupation: home, with a high perception of family support; As for the information and communications technologies they used the most, they were television and radio, although they were not seen as support in care. The family caregivers were mostly women, mainly wives or daughters of the patient, of socioeconomic status 1 and 2, with educational level mostly professional studies, with main occupation: home, with a perception of high family support, the technologies of the Information and communications that they used most were television, radio and telephone, however, they were not perceived as support in care. In general, the dyad presented low economic income and affiliation to the General System of Social Security in Health primarily through a subsidized regime. The competition for home care of the dyad in general and by dimensions has high scores, being lower in the person with chronic disease than in the caregiver. The main barriers to access to health services, identified in the dyad were administrative, displacement and economic barriers. Conclusion: the study of the competence for diabetes care in patients with chronic disease and their family caregiver is an area of interest, in which a constant work focused on improving the health conditions of said population is necessary.

La violencia subjetiva en la anorexia / The subjective violence in anorexia

En el comentario sobre el caso se toman en cuenta las situaciones de violencia subjetiva que determinan la aparición de la anorexiaûbulimia. Se considera este trastorno alimentario como de origen temprano ligado a determinadas situaciones del entorno familiar, teniendo en cuenta tanto la relación en la díada madre-hija, como las violencias generacionales previas. Se mencionan las defensas implementadas ante las dificultades de tramitación pulsional, tales como la desestimación del sentir y la desmentida, y su retorno ominoso. (AU)

La violencia subjetiva en la anorexia / The subjective violence in anorexia

En el comentario sobre el caso se toman en cuenta las situaciones de violencia subjetiva que determinan la aparición de la anorexia–bulimia. Se considera este trastorno alimentario como de origen temprano ligado a determinadas situaciones del entorno familiar, teniendo en cuenta tanto la relación en la díada madre-hija, como las violencias generacionales previas. Se mencionan las defensas implementadas ante las dificultades de tramitación pulsional, tales como la desestimación del sentir y la desmentida, y su retorno ominoso.

Dizer x fazer de mães e filhos em exame médico / Saying x doing of mothers and children in medical examination / Decir x hacer de madres e hijos en examen médico

A expressão correspondência verbal pode ser definida como a relação entre o comportamento verbal e o comportamento não verbal de um indivíduo. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os comportamentos de correspondência de mães e filhos em uma situação natural no contexto médico. Sete díades mãe-criança (crianças com idades entre cinco e oito anos) e uma médica participaram da pesquisa. Com cada díade houve três momentos: 1) entrevista com a mãe e a criança feita separadamente antes do exame médico, 2) filmagem do exame e 3) entrevistas separadas, após o exame, com a mãe e a criança. Os resultados mostraram que, entre os comportamentos categorizados, as crianças apresentaram, em sua maioria, correspondência verbal total - dizer-fazer-dizer (33,33 por cento); já as mães tiveram a maior parte de seus comportamentos categorizados como não correspondência (36,84 por cento). A pesquisa sugere que variáveis como idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade e contexto podem exercer influência na emergência da correspondência verbal natural.(AU)

Verbal correspondence can be defined as the relationship between verbal and non verbal individual's behaviors. This study had as objective to describe correspondence behaviors of mothers and sons in a natural situation in a medical context. Seven mother-child pairs (children with ages between five and eight years-old) and one physician participated in the research. With each pair, there were three moments: 1) an interview with the mother and child separately before the medical examination, 2) filming of the examination and 3) interview after the examination with mother and son, separately. The results demonstrated that, from the categorized behaviors, most children showed total verbal correspondence say-do-say (33,33 percent). However, the mothers had most of their behaviors categorized as non-correspondence (36,84 percent). This research suggests that variables such as age, social- economical level, educational level and context may have some influence in the emergency of natural verbal correspondence.(AU)

Correspondencia verbal puede ser definida como la relación entre el comportamiento verbal y el comportamiento no-verbal de un individuo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los comportamientos de correspondencia de madres e hijos en una situación natural en el contexto médico. Siete díadas madres-hijos (niños con edades entre cinco a ocho años) y una médica participaron de la investigación. Con cada díada, hubo tres momentos: 1) entrevista con madre y niño separadamente antes del examen médico, 2) filmación del examen y 3) entrevista después del examen con madre y niño, separadas. Los resultados demostraron que, entre los comportamientos categorizados, los niños presentaron, en su mayoría, correspondencia verbal total, decir-hacer-decir (33,33 por ciento). Sin embargo, las madres tuvieron la mayor parte de sus comportamientos categorizados como no-correspondencia (36,84 por ciento). La investigación sugiere que variables como edad, nivel socio-económico, escolaridad y contexto pueden ejercer influencia en la emergencia de correspondencia verbal natural.(AU)

Dizer x fazer de mães e filhos em exame médico / Saying x doing of mothers and children in medical examination / Decir x hacer de madres e hijos en examen médico

A expressão correspondência verbal pode ser definida como a relação entre o comportamento verbal e o comportamento não verbal de um indivíduo. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os comportamentos de correspondência de mães e filhos em uma situação natural no contexto médico. Sete díades mãe-criança (crianças com idades entre cinco e oito anos) e uma médica participaram da pesquisa. Com cada díade houve três momentos: 1) entrevista com a mãe e a criança feita separadamente antes do exame médico, 2) filmagem do exame e 3) entrevistas separadas, após o exame, com a mãe e a criança. Os resultados mostraram que, entre os comportamentos categorizados, as crianças apresentaram, em sua maioria, correspondência verbal total - dizer-fazer-dizer (33,33 por cento); já as mães tiveram a maior parte de seus comportamentos categorizados como não correspondência (36,84 por cento). A pesquisa sugere que variáveis como idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade e contexto podem exercer influência na emergência da correspondência verbal natural.

Verbal correspondence can be defined as the relationship between verbal and non verbal individual's behaviors. This study had as objective to describe correspondence behaviors of mothers and sons in a natural situation in a medical context. Seven mother-child pairs (children with ages between five and eight years-old) and one physician participated in the research. With each pair, there were three moments: 1) an interview with the mother and child separately before the medical examination, 2) filming of the examination and 3) interview after the examination with mother and son, separately. The results demonstrated that, from the categorized behaviors, most children showed total verbal correspondence say-do-say (33,33 percent). However, the mothers had most of their behaviors categorized as non-correspondence (36,84 percent). This research suggests that variables such as age, social- economical level, educational level and context may have some influence in the emergency of natural verbal correspondence.

Correspondencia verbal puede ser definida como la relación entre el comportamiento verbal y el comportamiento no-verbal de un individuo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los comportamientos de correspondencia de madres e hijos en una situación natural en el contexto médico. Siete díadas madres-hijos (niños con edades entre cinco a ocho años) y una médica participaron de la investigación. Con cada díada, hubo tres momentos: 1) entrevista con madre y niño separadamente antes del examen médico, 2) filmación del examen y 3) entrevista después del examen con madre y niño, separadas. Los resultados demostraron que, entre los comportamientos categorizados, los niños presentaron, en su mayoría, correspondencia verbal total, decir-hacer-decir (33,33 por ciento). Sin embargo, las madres tuvieron la mayor parte de sus comportamientos categorizados como no-correspondencia (36,84 por ciento). La investigación sugiere que variables como edad, nivel socio-económico, escolaridad y contexto pueden ejercer influencia en la emergencia de correspondencia verbal natural.

Terapia analítica de la díada madre-hijo y cambio psíquico / The analytic therapy of mother infant dyad

Este trabajo pretende explorar una modalidad de psicoterapia analítica aplicada a la díada madre-hijo, donde el objeto de análisis no es una persona, sino la relación madre-hijo. Este abordaje propone hacer uso tanto de aquello que nos informan las relaciones de objeto contenidas en la transferencia y contratransferencia, como de aquellos elementos vinculares que emergen de la interacción recíproca y que se dan en el contexto del encuadre terapéutico. El reconocimiento y consideración por parte del terapeuta de aquella madre e hijo "reales" pero dinámicamente inconscientes, así como de sus interacciones y representaciones de las mismas, nos conduce de manera integradora hacia la exploración del psiquismo humano donde lo intrapsíquico y lo intersubjetivo se encuentren entrelazados, en una búsqueda permanente de un equilibrio inalcanzable. En concordancia con lo anterior, se formula una aproximación teórico-clínica que se organiza sobre la conjunción de tres pilares teóricos, los cuales guían la presente revisión: la teoría de relaciones objetales, la perspectiva intersubjetiva y los estudios de la interacción temprana madre-bebé. Sobre la base de este desafío epistemológico se estructura esta modalidad de trabajo terapéutico, el cual se ejemplificará a través de un caso clínico que da cuenta de cómo la experiencia de un duelo traumático no elaborado en la madre genera un impacto en el desarrollo del psiquismo del hijo y en el vínculo madre-hijo, llegando a comprometer la organización de las experiencias corporales y relacionales del hijo, afectando el desarrollo del psique-soma y la constelación del self.

These paper explores a modalito of analytical psychotherapy applied to the mother-son dyad, where the analytic object is not a person, but the mother-son relationship. This approach proposes to use a multiplicity of object relations contained in the transference and countertransference to inform us of the linked elements as that they emerge in the reciprocal interaction in the context of the therapeutic frame. The recognition in the consideration from the therapist of the “real” but dynamically unconscious relationship of mother and son, as well as their interactions and self and other representations, lead us to an integrative exploration of the human psyche where intrapsychic and the intersubjective interlace, in a permanent search of an unattainable balance. In concordance with this line of thinking, a theoretical-clinic approach is formulated that is organized on three theoretical pillars: the object relations theory, the intersubjective perspective and the studies of the earlier mother-baby interaction. Based on this epistemological challenge, a new modality of the therapeutic work is structured. It will be exemplified through a clinical case that shows how the experience of a traumatic mourning not elaborated by the mother, generates an impact in the development of the son’s psyche and also on the mother-son bond, which compromises the organization of the body and relational experiences of the son, affecting his the psycho-somatic development and the constitution of the self.