Use of the Brazilian version of the Interpersonal Negotiation Strategies Interview (INSI) in a child and adolescent sample: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Interpersonal negotiation skills (INS) comprise actions used to solve social situations between interacting individuals involving different needs or desires. These abilities are part of one's social competence and may be impaired in some psychiatric conditions. There are few validated psychometric tools for measuring INS in the literature. This pilot study aimed to investigate some basic psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Interpersonal Negotiation Strategies Interview (INSI) in children and adolescents. METHODS: We developed a new version of the INSI adapted to the Brazilian culture using eight different dilemmas in dyadic situations (with peers and adults), presented visually as drawings on cards. A group of psychologists and psychiatrists chose and adapted the dilemmas formerly proposed by the original version. The same scoring criteria as for the original instrument were used. A total of 20 children and adolescents were included in this pilot study. We investigated test reliability using measures of interrater reliability, test-retest, and internal consistency. The content validity of the INSI was also evaluated by comparison with scores from the Child Behavior Checklist-Revised (CBCL). RESULTS: Internal consistency and test-retest evaluations were acceptable (rater 1: α = 0.77; rater 2: α = 0.72); the reliability of the instrument was excellent (K = 0.078; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99); and content validity was strongly significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggest that this version of the INSI has good interrater reliability and internal consistency and constitutes a promising tool to assess social competence.

Mind-wandering, depression, anxiety and ADHD: Disentangling the relationship.

BACKGROUND: Mind Wandering (MW) has been associated with ADHD in a very small number of studies with adults and children. However, anxiety and depression have also been associated with MW and both are often comorbid with ADHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and depression in MW in patients with ADHD. METHODS: The Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS) compared the levels of MW controlling for the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms in 78 adolescents (53 males and 25 females) comprising ADHD, clinical controls and typically developing individuals. Correlational analysis between MEWS score, demographic variables, ADHD, anxiety and depressive symptoms was performed using simple and multiple linear regression analysis demonstrating that only anxiety predicted MW scores. On a second analysis, we compared Anxiety and Non-Anxiety as well as ADHD and non-ADHD groups. RESULTS: Levels of MW were significantly correlated with anxiety symptoms, but not with depression. In addition, there were no differences in ADHD and non-ADHD groups regarding MW levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest MW is associated with anxiety levels, independently of an ADHD diagnosis.

Agreement rates between parent and self-report on past ADHD symptoms in an adult clinical sample.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate agreement rates between parent and self-report on childhood symptoms of ADHD. METHOD: Sixty-eight self-referred treatment-naïve adults (33 men, 35 women) were interviewed with a modified version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Epidemiological Version (K-SADS-E) and asked about past ADHD symptoms, using modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition; DSM-IV) criteria (at least six symptoms in either domain for present and past symptoms). Parents were given a questionnaire with DSM-IV symptoms list. RESULTS: Forty-six patients (67.6%) agreed on the presence of past ADHD diagnosis with their parents; there was agreement on subtype in more than half of cases (58.7%). Fifty patients (73.5%) reported positive past inattention symptomatology, and 31 of them (62.0%) agreed with their parents on their presence in childhood. Thirty-six patients (52.9%) reported positive hyperactivity-impulsivity symptomatology, and 20 of them (55.6%) agreed with their parents' reports. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest retrospective information provided by adults with ADHD has moderate agreement rates with parents' reports for both domains.

Use of the Brazilian version of the Interpersonal Negotiation Strategies Interview (INSI) in a child and adolescent sample: a pilot study

Abstract Introduction Interpersonal negotiation skills (INS) comprise actions used to solve social situations between interacting individuals involving different needs or desires. These abilities are part of one's social competence and may be impaired in some psychiatric conditions. There are few validated psychometric tools for measuring INS in the literature. This pilot study aimed to investigate some basic psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Interpersonal Negotiation Strategies Interview (INSI) in children and adolescents. Methods We developed a new version of the INSI adapted to the Brazilian culture using eight different dilemmas in dyadic situations (with peers and adults), presented visually as drawings on cards. A group of psychologists and psychiatrists chose and adapted the dilemmas formerly proposed by the original version. The same scoring criteria as for the original instrument were used. A total of 20 children and adolescents were included in this pilot study. We investigated test reliability using measures of interrater reliability, test-retest, and internal consistency. The content validity of the INSI was also evaluated by comparison with scores from the Child Behavior Checklist-Revised (CBCL). Results Internal consistency and test-retest evaluations were acceptable (rater 1: α = 0.77; rater 2: α = 0.72); the reliability of the instrument was excellent (K = 0.078; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99); and content validity was strongly significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions Preliminary results suggest that this version of the INSI has good interrater reliability and internal consistency and constitutes a promising tool to assess social competence.

[Comorbid eating disorders in a Brazilian attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder adult clinical sample]. / Transtornos alimentares comórbidos em uma amostra clínica de adultos com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade.

UNLABELLED: Although comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating disorders (ED) is relevant for clinical treatment, it is seldom investigated. METHODS: 86 DSM-IV attention deficity hyperactivity disorder patients out of 107 self-referred adults in a specialized center for attention deficity hyperactivity disorder were interviewed using SCID-R to evaluate the lifetime prevalence of ED and other comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Nine attention deficity hyperactivity disorder patients had comorbid eating disorders; binge eating disorder (BED) was the most common diagnosis. The group with eating disorders presented a higher prevalence of other comorbid disorders (p=0.02). No significant differences were found on gender, age at assessment, schooling level and type of attention deficity hyperactivity disorder between groups. CONCLUSION: Attention deficity hyperactivity disorder clinical samples may have a high prevalence of BED comorbidity. Patients with attention deficity hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders may have a different comorbid profile.

Lack of executive functions deficits among adult ad hd individuals from a Brazilian clinical sample.

Executive function deficits have been previously documented in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to compare measures of executive functions among a clinical sample of adults with ADHD and normal control subjects, matched for age, gender and education. METHODS: Twenty-three self-referred adults diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, and twenty-five control subjects were assessed using a neuropsychological battery which included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of Hanoi, Digit Span, Trail Making Test (A and B), Stroop Test and Raven's Progressive Matrices. RESULTS: The ADHD group did not differ significantly from the control subjects on any of the measures assessed. CONCLUSION: Measures of executive functions using this test battery were unable to discriminate between adults with ADHD and control subjects in this clinical sample.

Déficits de funções executivas foram previamente documentados em portadores de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou comparar medidas de funções executivas entre adultos portadores de TDAH e controles normais, pareados por idade, sexo e escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Vinte e três adultos auto-referidos diagnosticados como portadores de TDAH de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV e vinte e cinco controles foram avaliados com bateria de testes neuropsicológicos, que incluía: Teste de Seleção de Cartas de Wisconsin, Torre de Hanoi, Amplitude de Dígitos , Teste das Trilhas (A e B), Teste de Stroop e Matrizes Progressivas de Raven. RESULTADOS: O desempenho dos portadores de TDAH não diferiu de forma significativa dos controles em nenhum dos testes utilizados. CONCLUSÃO: A bateria de testes de funções executivas utilizada no presente estudo não foi capaz de discriminar adultos portadores de TDAH de controles desta amostra clínica.

Demência frontotemporal / Frontotemporal dementia

Os autores descrevem um caso de demência frontotemporal e seu diagnóstico diferencial com outros tipos de demência.

Transtornos alimentares comórbidos em uma amostra clínica de adultos com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade / Comorbid eating disorders in a Brazilian Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder adult clinical sample

A comorbidade de transtornos alimentares (TA) com o transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) é pouco investigada, apesar de relevante para o tratamento clínico. MÉTODOS: 86 adultos com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hipeartividade segundo o DSM-IV de uma amostra inicial de 107 indivíduos auto-referidos para um centro especializado em TDAH foram entrevistados com o SCID-P para avaliar a presença de transtornos alimentares e outros transtornos comórbidos. RESULTADOS: Nove pacientes apresentavam transtornos alimentares, sendo o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (TCAP) o diagnóstico mais comum. O grupo com transtornos alimentares revelou maior número de comorbidades (p=0,02), não foram observadas, entretanto, diferenças quanto ao sexo, idade na avaliação atual, escolaridade e tipo de transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Amostras clínicas de transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade podem apresentar elevada prevalência de comorbidade com transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica. Pacientes com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade e transtornos alimentares podem apresentar um perfil diferente de comorbidades.

Executive functions in a non-clinical sample of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Introdução: Déficits de funções executivas (FEs) já foram demonstrados no transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar medidas de FEs entre portadores de TDAH e controles de uma amostra não-clínica. Métodos: Trezentos e quatro alunos foram rastreados com a Swanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale (SNAP-IV); todos os casos positivos (60) foram entrevistados com o P-ChiPs e 26 casos (8,6 por cento) de TDAH foram encontrados. Um grupo controle pareado (n=26) foi obtido a partir dos casos negativos na SNAP-IV. Foram utilizados os testes Torre de Hanói, de Stroop, Labirintos, Dígitos e Códigos (WISC-III). O quociente intelectual (QI) estimado também foi calculado. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os QIs (na faixa médio-superior em ambos os grupos) e em nenhuma das demais medidas neuropsicológicas. Conclusões: Numa amostra não-clínica de crianças e adolescentes portadores de TDAH com QI médio-superior não foram evidenciadas diferenças clinicamente significantes em relação a controles quanto a medidas de FEs.