Health-related quality of life in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and life-threatening disease. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is vital for individuals with T2DM. However, little is known about the impact of psychological stability factors on HRQoL among individuals with T2DM in mainland China. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in five tertiary grade-A hospitals in Chongqing, China, from January to December 2019. A total of 385 individuals with T2DM were included by the convenient sample method. Fear of Progression (FOP) Questionnaire-short Form, Hypoglycemia Fear Survey II, diabetes-management self-efficacy scale, and EuroQol-5 Dimensions were used for data collection. RESULTS: The mean age of the 385 individuals was 57.65 (SD = 15.15) years, three-quarters of whom had a high school or above education level. The participants in our study had moderate HRQoL and were more likely to have poor scores in the pain/discomfort dimension. The FOP level was moderate on average, and 23.1% of individuals suffered from psychological dysfunction. The participants had higher levels of fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) and self-efficacy (SE). Multiple steppage-regression analysis predicted that higher levels of FOP and FOH, reduced SE, older age, longer duration since diagnosis, lower educational attainment, higher levels of HbA1c, and living with comorbid conditions were related to lower HRQoL. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the HRQoL among Chinese T2DM patients may be impaired by increased FOP and FOH, decreased SE, and poor glycemic control. In addition, as the patient's age and duration since diagnosis increase, their HRQoL further declines. We recommend improving HRQoL by encouraging individuals to attain more health education and resilience skills to enhance SE and reduce negative emotions among individuals with T2DM.

The preferences for the telemedicine and standard health care services from the perspective of the patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of telemedicine, has enabled new and various ways to deliver health care services for patients with schizophrenia. However, it is not clear that the newly emerged is better than the standard or not from the perspective of patients with schizophrenia. This study aims to explore their preferences between telemedicine and standard health care services and their associated factors. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ningan hospital's inpatient department in Yinchuan, and collected socio-demographic and clinical information, the preferences regarding telemedicine (WeChat, telephone, and Email), and the standard health care services (community health center and home visit). The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the five-health care service delivery ways were assessed by descriptive analysis, and the associated impact factors of preferences of patients with schizophrenia were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 300 participants, most of them chose WeChat (46.3%), some of them tended to telephone (35.4%) and community health center (11.3%), and a few of them accepted home visits (4.7%), and Email (2.3%). There are so many associated factors that affected the patients with schizophrenia to choose their favorite health care services, of which age, gender, employment, residence, and duration of illness were the independent impact factors. CONCLUSIONS: The cross-sectional study surveyed the preferences between telemedicine and standard health care services in patients with schizophrenia's opinion, disclosed independent impact factors, as well as compared the advantage and disadvantages of these. According to our findings, the best health care services should be based on the preferences of the patients with schizophrenia and adapt to realistic conditions. This provides valuable evidence to improve the health care situation, facilitate the continuity of health care services, and achieve holistic rehabilitative outcomes for the patients with schizophrenia.

Bioinformatics analysis of potential key genes and pathways in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

OBJECTIVE: To detect differentially expressed genes in patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by bioinformatics methods and to provide new ideas and research directions for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of NEC. METHODS: Gene chip data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The genes that were differentially expressed in NEC compared with normal intestinal tissues were screened with GEO2R. The functions, pathway enrichment and protein interactions of these genes were analyzed with DAVID and STRING. Then, the core network genes and significant protein interaction modules were detected using Cytoscape software. RESULTS: Overall, a total of 236 differentially expressed genes were detected, including 225 upregulated genes and 11 downregulated genes, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. The results indicated that the upregulated differentially expressed genes were related to the dimerization activity of proteins, while the downregulated differentially expressed genes were related to the activity of cholesterol transporters. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly concentrated in metabolism, fat digestion and absorption pathways. Through STRING analysis, 9 key genes in the protein network interaction map were identified: EPCAM, CDH1, CFTR, IL-6, APOB, APOC3, APOA4, SLC2A and NR1H4. CONCLUSION: Metabolic pathways and biological processes may play important roles in the development of NEC. The screening of possible core targets by bioinformatics is helpful in clarifying the pathogenesis of NEC at the gene level and in providing references for further research.

Inhibitory effect of ficin on Candida albicans biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of ficin, a type of proteases, on Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm, including forming and pre-formed biofilms. METHODS: Crystal violet tests together with colony forming unit (CFU) counts were used to detect fungal biofilm biomass. Live/dead staining of biofilms observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to monitor fungal activity. Finally, gene expression of C. albicans within biofilms was assessed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: According to our results, biofilm biomass was dramatically reduced by ficin in both biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms, as revealed by the crystal violet assay and CFU count (p < 0.05). Fungal activity in biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms was not significantly influenced by ficin according to live/dead staining. Fungal polymorphism and biofilm associated gene expression were influenced by ficin, especially in groups with prominent antibiofilm effects. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, ficin effectively inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation and detached its preformed biofilm, and it might be used to treat C. albicans biofilm associated problems.

A Survey on the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Influencing Factors of Caregivers for Newborns With COVID-19 in Chongqing, China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the healthcare knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of primary caregivers of newborns with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic in Chongqing, China, and analyze the influencing factors. METHODS:  The study included primary caregivers of COVID-19 newborns hospitalized in our institution from December 2022 to January 2023. A questionnaire survey was initiated to assess the caregivers' health-care knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors for COVID-19 and the influencing factors. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: A total of 195 caregivers were included, one for each infant with COVID-19. The questionnaire consisted of three dimensions. For the knowledge dimension, the top scoring items were wearing masks in public spaces (4.92 ± 0.087), strengthening hand hygiene (4.83 ± 0.164), and frequent ventilation in living environment (4.62 ± 0.331) in order; for the attitude dimension, the top three scoring items were wearing masks in public spaces (4.85 ± 0.353), strengthening hand washing and disinfection (4.72 ± 0.450), and regular ventilation (4.49 ± 0.501). For the behavior dimension, the top three were confidence in winning the challenge of the pandemic (4.71 ± 0.480), standardized wearing of masks in public spaces/confined spaces (4.68 ± 0.589), and high satisfaction with community epidemic prevention measures (4.67 ± 0.496). Among the influencing factors, fear of COVID-19 was the independent risk indicator for the caregivers' anxiety (OR = 38.085, 95% CI = 14.383-100.664) and fear of COVID-19 (OR = 8.170, 95%CI = 2.156-30.957) and fever (OR = 10.213, 95% CI = 1.972-52.892) were the independent risk indicators for depression. CONCLUSION:  The study shows a key link between caregiver knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and neonatal COVID-19 infection, with a gap between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Caregivers, especially those dealing with premature infants, worried about mother-to-child transmission and experienced multiple births, face significant psychological stress during this phase of the pandemic.

A Comparison of In Vitro Measurement and Ultrasound for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement in Premature Infants: A Before-and-After Self-Controlled Prospective Study.

Background This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasonography (US) and in vitro measurement (IVM) methods in localizing peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in premature infants and analyze the relevant factors affecting the accuracy of IVM. Methodology The study employs a prospective before-and-after self-controlled clinical trial design. A total of 210 premature infants who underwent PICC catheterization were compared. We assessed the rate of catheter tip placement, consistency, and stability and analyzed the relevant factors. Results The study enrolled a total of 202 premature infants after eight infants dropped out. The one-time positioning rates of the PICC catheter tip using US and IVM were 100% and 73.8%, respectively. Concerning IVM, 53 (26.2%) patients did not reach the optimal position, with 24 (11.8%) patients having a shallow position and 29 (14.3%) having a deep position. The consistency of the two methods was 0.782 (p < 0.05). The degree of dispersion of US was 0.2 (0.0-0.4) cm, which was significantly smaller than IVM at 1.5 (0.0-1.8) cm. Gestational age less than 32 weeks (odds ratio (OR) = 6.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-30.81), weight less than 1,500 g (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 2.11-16.20), body length less than 40 cm (OR = 15.36, 95% CI = 4.47-52.72), mechanical ventilation (OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 1.77-14.83), abdominal distension (OR = 78.18, 95% CI = 10.62-575.22), and bloating (OR = 8.81, 95% CI = 1.42-47.00) were risk factors that affected the accuracy of IVM. Conclusions Gestational age, weight, length, mechanical ventilation, abdominal distension, and swelling can lead to deviations with IVM. US can directly view the tip of the catheter, which is more accurate. Additionally, it is recommended to reduce the length of the catheter by 1.3 cm when using IVM to achieve the best-estimated placement length.

Measuring care-related regret intensity: Reliability and validation of a 10-item scale among Chinese nursing interns.

AIM: The 10-item care-related regret intensity scale (RIS-10) assesses the experience and intensity of care-related regrets. The aim of this study was to validate a Chinese version of the RIS and examine its reliability and validity when applied to Chinese nursing interns. BACKGROUND: Nursing students, the future healthcare workforce, often face clinical errors and adverse events due to limited knowledge and experience. Assessing care-related regret during their internships is crucial for their development. METHODS: Through a process involving translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation, a Chinese version of the RIS-10 was developed. A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 529 nursing interns to validate the reliability and validity of the scale. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the scale, consisting of 10 items, demonstrated a single dimension, explaining 66.77% of the total variance according to exploratory factor analysis. Content validity for the 10 items ranged from 0.800 to 1.000, with a scale-level content validity of 0.980. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a well-fitting model (CFI = 0.968, GFI = 0.921, NFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.088). Convergent validity was supported by an Average Variance Extracted of 0.636 and a Composite Reliability of 0.946. The scale also exhibited strong reliability with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.945, a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.903 and a test-retest reliability of 0.901. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive translation and validation process confirms the suitability of the Chinese version of the RIS-10 for use among Chinese nursing interns.

Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans within cross-kingdom biofilms support Candida albicans growth under fluoride and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine.

Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) might affect the ecological balance of biofilms in the presence of fluoride. We used a S. mutans and Candida albicans (C. albicans) cross-kingdom biofilm model to investigate whether fluoride-resistant S. mutans in biofilms would support C. albicans growth under fluoride stress and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. The impact of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on formation of cross-kingdom biofilms by S. mutans and C. albicans in the presence of fluoride was investigated in vitro using the crystal violet staining assay. Biofilm constitution was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) generation in biofilms was determined by EPS/bacterial dying and water-insoluble polysaccharide detection. Acid production and demineralization were monitored using pH, lactic acid content, and transversal microradiography (TMR). The gene expression of microorganisms in the cross-kingdom biofilm was measured using qRT-PCR. Our results showed that both C. albicans and fluoride-resistant S. mutans grew vigorously, forming robust cross-kingdom biofilms, even in the presence of sodium fluoride (NaF). Moreover, fluoride-resistant S. mutans-containing cross-kingdom biofilms had considerable cariogenic potential for EPS synthesis, acid production, and demineralization ability in the presence of NaF than fluoride-sensitive S. mutans-containing biofilms. Furthermore, the gene expression of microorganisms in the two cross-kingdom biofilms changed dissimilarly in the presence of NaF. In summary, fluoride-resistant S. mutans in cross-kingdom biofilms supported C. albicans growth under fluoride and might attenuate the anti-caries potential of fluorine by maintaining robust cross-kingdom biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence expression in vitro in the presence of NaF.

Chronic pain exacerbates memory impairment and pathology of Aß and tau by upregulating IL-1ß and p-65 signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is linked to cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we examined these mechanisms in a well-established mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Neuropathic pain was modeled in 5-month-old transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve on the left side, and chronic inflammatory pain was modeled in another group of APP/PS1 mice by injecting them with complete Freund's adjuvant on the plantar surface of the left hind paw. Six weeks after molding, the animals were tested to assess pain threshold (von Frey filament), learning, memory (novel object recognition, Morris water maze, Y-maze, and passive avoidance), and depression-like symptoms (sucrose preference, tail suspension, and forced swimming). After behavioral testing, mice were sacrificed and the levels of p65, amyloid-ß (residues 1-42) and phospho-tau in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were assayed using western blotting, while interleukin (IL)-1ß levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Animals subjected to either type of chronic pain showed lower pain thresholds, more severe deficits in learning and memory, and stronger depression-like symptoms than the corresponding control animals. Either type of chronic pain was associated with upregulation of p65, amyloid-ß (1-42), and IL-1ß in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, as well as higher levels of phosphorylated tau. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain may exacerbate cognitive deficits and depression-like symptoms in APP/PS1 mice by worsening pathology related to amyloid-ß and tau and by upregulating signaling involving IL-1ß and p65.

Pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep and distress comprised a symptom cluster that related to quality of life and functional status of lung cancer surgery patients.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the common symptom cluster in lung cancer patients with surgical treatment and to evaluate the relationships between symptom cluster and patients' disease outcomes, including functional status and quality of life. BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death for both men and women, and its incidence is increasing in China. Growing number of researches confirmed that symptoms in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy and radiotherapy occurred as 'symptom cluster' across the disease trajectory and influenced disease outcomes. However, few studies focused on the symptom cluster and its effects on quality of life and functional status of lung cancer surgery patients. DESIGN: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional design. METHODS: Symptoms in lung cancer surgery were assessed by M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, Karnofsky Performance Scale and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients - Lung Cancer. One hundred and forty-five individuals were involved in the survey. RESULTS: The top four common and most severe symptoms were pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep and distress for lung cancer surgery patients. 4·8% (n = 7) and 17·2% (n = 25) of patients reported co-occurrence of two or three symptoms of pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep and distress. About 76·6% (n = 111) of patients reported co-occurrence of all the four symptoms. There were strong negative relationships between the top four symptoms and Karnofsky Performance Scale and Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients - Lung Cancer scores. CONCLUSION: Pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep and distress constituted the common symptom cluster during the disease trajectory in patients with lung cancer who got surgical treatment and negatively affected their quality of life and functional status. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Symptoms in lung cancer surgery patients often occurred as cluster during the trajectory of disease. To improve the well-being of patients, attentions need to be focused on developing symptom cluster management strategies.

Fabrication of conifer-like TiSnO2 nanorods for sensing H2S gas at room temperature.

Conifer-like TiSnO2 nanorods mixed metal oxide was synthesized via the one-pot polyol method utilizing ethylene glycol (EG), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O), and titanium(IV)-ethylhexanoate (TE) as precursor materials, aimed at room temperature H2S gas sensing. The effects of polyol duration time and capping agent concentration (PDDA) were examined to explore the morphological, structural, and gas-sensing characteristics, as well as to propose potential growth mechanisms of conifer-like TiSnO2 nanorods mixed metal oxide. The morphology and composition of the synthesized TiSnO2 mixed metal oxide were carried out employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The experimental findings demonstrated a significant influence of polyol duration time and PDDA concentration on the morphological evolution of the synthesized TiSnO2 mixed metal oxide structures. Comparative gas-sensing analysis indicated that the conifer-like TiSnO2 nanorods mixed metal oxide exhibited the highest response (2.45%) towards H2S gas at a concentration of 1 ppm, along with a low detection limit (0.20 ppm) and good linearity (R2 = 0.9865) within the range of 1-15 ppm of H2S gas at room temperature.

The relationship between the PICC tip position and weight gain, length growth of premature infants under ultrasonography: a correlation analysis study.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between PICC tip position and weight/length changes in preterm infants in different positions using ultrasonography. Methods: The study is a prospective before and after self-control clinical trial. The study analyzed the distance between the PICC tip and the entrance of the heart under ultrasonography for premature infants who underwent PICC insertion. The infants were positioned and tracked weekly, and their weight and length were recorded. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the displacement distance of the PICC tip under ultrasonography in different positions and weight/length changes. Results: A total of 202 premature infants were included in the study, and 100% of them experienced changes in the PICC tip position. During the first week, 134 (66.33%) cases in a flexed position and 153 (75.74%) cases in a straight position showed displacement of the catheter toward the heart. The displacement distance of the tip during catheter retention was significantly correlated with weight change (rs = 0.681/0.661, P < 0.05) and length change (rs = 0.629/0.617, P < 0.05). In the third and fifth weeks, weight increased by 451 ± 178 and 750 (715-975) g, length increased by 1.50 (1.00-2.12) and 3.00 (2.00-3.70) cm, the catheter moved 1.27 ± 0.89 and 2.23 ± 0.95 cm, respectively, in a flexed position. Conclusion: The PICC tip position in preterm infants is influenced by weight and length changes. It is crucial to use ultrasonography to track and locate the catheter within the first week of placement and to increase the frequency of catheter localization starting from the third and fifth weeks. The flexed position is recommended during catheter localization.

Study on the participation of nursing staff in tobacco cessation support and related influencing factors: A survey from Chongqing, China.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing staff's assistance for smokers to quit smoking can increase the rate of quitting. The smoking cessation help can be affected by many factors. This study surveyed the use of the 5As (Asking, Advising, Assessing, Assisting, Arranging) approach to support smoking cessation by the nursing staff in Chongqing, China, and analyzed the corresponding influencing factors. METHODS: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select nursing staff from 8 tertiary hospitals, 5 secondary hospitals, 12 community health centers, and 35 township health centers in different geographical regions of Chongqing. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the nursing staff to investigate their participation in smoking cessation. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the influencing factors of smoking cessation 5As behavior of the nursing staff. RESULTS: The 1669 participants were 44 males (2.6%) and 1625 females (97.4%), with an average age of 37.00 ± 10.89 years. Among the participants, 55.2% were from tertiary hospitals, 23.2% from secondary hospitals, 14.2% from township health centers, and 7.4 from community health centers. The often or always used behaviors were: Asking, 69.2%; Advising, 53.0%; Assessing, 39.5%; Assisting, 33.7%; and Arranging, 25.1%. The factors that affected all the 5As were: smoking cessation training (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.22-2.11), knowledge of smoking cessation guidelines (AOR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.32-2.32) and the use of smoking cessation Apps (AOR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.09-2.06), and smokers' willingness to quit (AOR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.60-3.02). CONCLUSIONS: Smoker's motivation to quit smoking and nurses' knowledge of tobacco cessation resources affected nurses' participation in smoking control behavior. While encouraging smokers to quit smoking, clinical nursing staff should be provided with related resources to advocate smoking cessation. Guided by the Chinese Clinical Tobacco Cessation Guidelines, smoking control knowledge and skills training should be provided for nursing staff to increase their positive attitude towards smoking control, so as to promote their active participation.

Comparison of bedside ultrasonography and bedside chest radiography in neonatal peripherally inserted central catheters: A before and after self-control study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the applications of bedside ultrasonography (US) and bedside chest radiography (CR) in positioning peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Methods: The study is a prospective before and after self-control clinical trial. A consecutive series of 181 neonate patients were finally enrolled for PICC placement. CR, followed by US, was used to evaluate and readjust the sites of catheter tips. The imaging capability for PICC key structures, fluctuation of the measured data, measurement of tip-to-atrium distance, operation time, infants' body temperature changes, and direct expenses of the two imaging modalities were obtained and compared. Results: (1) Comparison in viewing PICC key structures: the display rate of catheter tip, SVC-and-right-atrium junction, IVC-and-right-atrium junction and tip-to-atrium distance is 99.47%, 100%, 100% and 99.47% for US and 100%, 98.42%, 97.37% and 95.79% for CR, respectively. (2) Fluctuation of the measured data by US and CR: the tip-to-atrium distance measured by US is 0.631 (0.435-0.820) cm, and that measured by CR is 0.593 (0.210-0.825) cm. US showed a narrower range of datum variance. (3) Consistency between US and CR: for consistency analysis, the Kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.843 (P < 0.05), showing their favorable consistency. (4) Comparison of operation time and infants' body temperature drop: for a CR exam, the time period taken was significantly longer than that of US (59.7 ± 26.33 vs. 79.6 ± 28.06, P < 0.001); and CR operations caused a significant babies' body temperature drop compared to US (0.14 ± 0.11 vs. 0.34 ± 0.19, P < 0.001). (5) Comparison of the direct expenses: the total cost for CR positioning was significantly higher than that for US (¥153.99 vs. ¥143, P = 0.026). Conclusion: US exhibited superior traits to CR in the positioning of PICC tip. It could be promising for routine use in NICU.

Status and correlates of home smoking bans after the implementation of the smoke-free legislation in public places: A survey in Chongqing.

INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke exposure in many countries decreased dramatically after the implementation of smoke-free legislation in public places, but the exposure at home did not change to the same degree. The aim of this study was to describe the status and correlates of a home smoking ban in Chongqing, China. METHODS: From June to August 2021, we selected two healthcare centers in the East, West, North, South and Middle regions of Chongqing. We investigated the family smoke-free situation in the selected region using a stratified random sampling method. A chi-squared test was performed to compare the totally and partially smoke-free homes, and a binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlates of smoke-free rules at home. RESULTS: The study investigated 2121 families, among which 884 (41.7%) implemented a total ban on smoking at home. The covariates included age (OR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.18-2.01), living with children aged <14 years (OR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.20-1.90), no smokers in the family (OR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.78-3.17), awareness of the hazards of secondhand smoke (OR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.07-1.59), worrying about the impact of smoking in the presence of children on health (OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.25-2.95), no difficulty (OR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.07-1.67) and confidence (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.41-2.13) in stopping others from smoking, no smoking rules in cars (OR=3.67; 95% CI: 2.58-5.22), and frequency of entertaining guests with cigarettes (OR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.28-0.59). CONCLUSIONS: It is common for households in Chongqing to have smoking bans, especially those with children. If a family has members that are smokers, education researchers should pay more attention to the hazards of secondhand smoke on the health of family members, and to adopt more tobacco control measures and enhance the self-efficacy of implementing a home smoking ban. Helping smokers to quit is a vital way to decrease the hazards of cigarettes.

Does Self-Control Promote Prosocial Behavior? Evidence from a Longitudinal Tracking Study.

Although numerous researches have shown that self-control is a significant promoter of prosocial behavior, the mechanism behind this relationship is still unclear. According to the organism-environment interaction model and self-control model, this study researched whether life satisfaction played a mediating role between self-control and adolescents' prosocial behavior and if friendship quality played a moderating role between self-control and prosocial behavior. This study used a longitudinal tracking research (T1&T2; and the interval between T1&T2 is 6 months). A total of 1182 Chinese middle school students participated the survey. They were between 12 and 15 years old (average age: 14.16 years old, SD = 1.29). Results indicated that life satisfaction played a mediating role between self-control and adolescents' prosocial behavior. Furthermore, this direct relationship in the link between self-control and prosocial behavior was significant when adolescents had a good-quality friendship. These results highlight that life satisfaction plays an important role in the relationship between self-control and prosocial behavior. The present study further determined that a high-quality friendship was an important factor that amplified this direct effect.

Polarization independent Fabry-Pérot filter based on polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals with fast response time.

This work demonstrates a polarization-independent electrically tunable Fabry-Pérot (FP) filter that is based on polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PSBPLCs). An external vertical electric field can be applied to modulate the effective refractive index of the PSBPLCs along the optical axis. Therefore, the wavelength-tuning property of the FP filter is completely independent of the polarization state of the incident light. The change in the birefringence in PSBPLCs is governed by Kerr effect-induced isotropic-to-anisotropic transition, and so the PSBPLCs based FP filter has a short response time. The measured tunability and free spectral range of the FP filter are 0.092 nm/ V and 16nm in the visible region, and 0.12nm/ V and 97nm in the NIR region, respectively, and the response time is in sub-millisecond range. The fast-responding polarization-independent electrically tunable FP filter has substantial potential for practical applications.

The Relations of Parental Autonomy Support, Parental Control, and Filial Piety to Chinese Adolescents' Academic Autonomous Motivation: A Mediation Model.

This study attempted to examine the mediating role of filial piety in the relationships between parental autonomy support and control and Chinese adolescents' academic autonomous motivation. A set of questionnaires were administered to 492 adolescent students at two senior high schools in Fuzhou, China. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were employed to analyze the data. The results showed that reciprocal filial piety (RFP) fully mediated the relationships of parental autonomy support and behavioral control with adolescents' academic autonomous motivation. RFP did not significantly mediate the relationship between psychological control and academic autonomous motivation. Comparatively, authoritarian filial piety (AFP) did not play a significant mediating role in the relationship between the three parenting dimensions and adolescents' academic autonomous motivation. The findings provide a new perspective for understanding the relationship between parenting behaviors and Chinese adolescents' academic autonomous motivation.

Self-Control, Consideration of Future Consequences, and Internet Addiction among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation.

Although a large number of studies have indicated that self-control was an important predictive factor for adolescent internet addiction, the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To address this research gap, the present study, according to social learning theory and the organism-environment interaction theory, tested whether consideration of future consequences mediated the relation between self-control and adolescent internet addiction and whether deviant peer affiliation moderated the relationship between consideration of future consequences and internet addiction. Using longitudinal tracking (two-time points and the interval is 6 months). Three middle schools in Guangzhou were randomly selected. The participants were 1182 students ranging in age from 12 to 15 years (average age: 14.16, SD = 1.29) from three middle schools in Guangzhou (651 boys and 531 girls) in Guangdong Province. Results showed that consideration of future consequences mediated the relationship between self-control and internet addiction. Furthermore, the relationship between future consequence consideration and internet addiction was moderated by deviant peer affiliation. These findings highlighted the potential mediating role of consideration of future consequences in linking self-control to adolescent internet addiction. We also found high deviant peer affiliation weakens the protective effect of future consequence consideration on Internet addiction. This study may provide support for adolescent Internet addiction prevention and have some educational implications.

Deviant Peer Affiliation and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: Depression as a Mediator and Sensation Seeking as a Moderator.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging health problem among adolescents. Although previous studies have shown that deviant peer affiliation is an important risk factor for this behavior, the reasons for this relationship are unclear. Based on the integrated theoretical model of the development and maintenance of NSSI and the social development model of delinquency prevention, this study tested whether depression mediated the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and NSSI and whether this mediating effect was moderated by sensation seeking. A sample of 854 Chinese adolescents (31.50% male; Mage = 16.35; SD = 1.15) anonymously completed questionnaires on the study variables. Results of regression-based analyses showed that depression mediated the association between deviant peer affiliation and NSSI, and this effect was stronger among adolescents who reported high sensation seeking. The results demonstrate the role of individual differences in the link between affiliation with deviant peers and NSSI, and have implications for preventing and treating this risky behavior.