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1.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 63(13): 1901-1929, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34463176

RESUMO

Nowadays, consumers are increasingly aware of the relationship between diet and health, showing a greater preference of products from natural origin. In the last decade, seaweeds have outlined as one of the natural sources with more potential to obtain bioactive carbohydrates. Numerous seaweed polysaccharides have aroused the interest of the scientific community, due to their biological activities and their high potential on biomedical, functional food and technological applications. To obtain polysaccharides from seaweeds, it is necessary to find methodologies that improve both yield and quality and that they are profitable. Nowadays, environmentally friendly extraction technologies are a viable alternative to conventional methods for obtaining these products, providing several advantages like reduced number of solvents, energy and time. On the other hand, chemical modification of their structure is a useful approach to improve their solubility and biological properties, and thus enhance the extent of their potential applications since some uses of polysaccharides are still limited. The present review aimed to compile current information about the most relevant seaweed polysaccharides, available extraction and modification methods, as well as a summary of their biological activities, to evaluate knowledge gaps and future trends for the industrial applications of these compounds.Key teaching pointsStructure and biological functions of main seaweed polysaccharides.Emerging extraction methods for sulfate polysaccharides.Chemical modification of seaweeds polysaccharides.Potential industrial applications of seaweed polysaccharides.Biological activities, knowledge gaps and future trends of seaweed polysaccharides.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Polissacarídeos , Alga Marinha , Alga Marinha/química , Polissacarídeos/análise , Polissacarídeos/química , Alimento Funcional , Alginatos/análise , Alginatos/química , Ágar/análise , Ágar/química , Carragenina/análise , Carragenina/química , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Estrutura Molecular
2.
Appl Opt ; 62(16): 4228-4235, 2023 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37706910

RESUMO

A practical guide for the easy implementation of a Fourier light-field microscope is reported. The Fourier light-field concept applied to microscopy allows the capture in real time of a series of 2D orthographic images of microscopic thick dynamic samples. Such perspective images contain spatial and angular information of the light-field emitted by the sample. A feature of this technology is the tight requirement of a double optical conjugation relationship, and also the requirement of NA matching. For these reasons, the Fourier light-field microscope being a non-complex optical system, a clear protocol on how to set up the optical elements accurately is needed. In this sense, this guide is aimed to simplify the implementation process, with an optical bench and off-the-shelf components. This will help the widespread use of this recent technology.

3.
Opt Express ; 30(1): 511-521, 2022 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35201227

RESUMO

We report a scanning non-confocal fluorescence microscopy scheme that provides images with optical sectioning and with a lateral resolution that surpasses by a factor of two the diffraction resolution limit. This technique is based on the type-1 microscopy concept combined with patterned illumination. The method does not require the application of phase-shifting or post-processing algorithms and provides artifact-free superresolved 3D images. We have validated the theory by means of experimental data.

4.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 62(7): 1765-1781, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33242978

RESUMO

Due to the increasing population, there is high concern about whether the current food system will be able to provide enough healthy food for 10 billion people by 2050. The general opinion is that it is possible to feed this population, but the food system requires major transformations on behalf of promoting sustainability, reducing food waste and stimulating a change toward diets healthy for humans and also sustainable for the planet. This article will review some detected problems in food production and consumption. In food production, current problems like destruction of land ecosystems, overfishing or generation of high amounts of residues stand out. Some solutions have been described, such as implement the agroecology, improve productivity of aquaculture or re-valorization of by-products. In food consumption, the main problems are the food fraud and the unhealthy dietary patters, whose main solutions are the standardization along food chain and education on healthy lifestyles. Concluding, food system should change toward more sustainable practices and behaviors in other to ensure the subsistence of the present and the future generations.


Assuntos
Alimentos , Eliminação de Resíduos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , Pesqueiros , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Humanos
5.
Opt Express ; 29(21): 33357-33366, 2021 Oct 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34809149

RESUMO

The use of microlens arrays for lightfield display has the drawback of providing images with strong chromatic aliasing. To overcome this problem, pinhole-type lightfield monitors are proposed. This paper is devoted to evaluating the capability for such lightfield monitors to offer the user a convincing 3D experience with images with enough brightness and continuous aspect. Thus, we have designed a psychophysical test specifically adapted for lightfield monitors, which allowed us to confirm the usability of pinhole-type monitors.

6.
Dermatol Online J ; 26(9)2020 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33054945

RESUMO

Spiny keratoderma is a rare entity characterized by filiform keratotic lesions on palms and soles. Although there are some inherited cases the majority are acquired. This last variant can be idiopathic or associated with neoplasms and chronic systemic diseases. We report a new case of spiny keratoderma associated with endometrial carcinoma.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar/patologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias do Endométrio/complicações , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar/complicações , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar/diagnóstico
7.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 33(3): 553-559, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30317679

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ixekizumab (anti-IL17A) is effective as treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, but real-life data on effectiveness and safety are currently very limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in a cohort of real-life plaque psoriasis patients. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 100 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with ixekizumab at seven Spanish dermatological centres. RESULTS: According to the as observed analysis, the percentage of patients achieving a 75% and 90% of reduction from the baseline score of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was 87.5%-50.0% at week 12-16; 88.3%-58.4% at week 24 and 82.9%-58.5% at week 52, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score of PASI at baseline was 12.9 ± 9.2, and it declined rapidly after ixekizumab administration to 1.9 ± 4.0 (P < 0.001) at week 12-16 and was maintained at 1.7 ± 4.1 and 1.8 ± 2.9 at week 24 and 52, respectively. Ixekizumab response was not affected by clinical variables like body mass index, disease duration or the presence of psoriatic arthritis. However, the bio-naive group showed significantly higher PASI 75 response rate at week 12-16 compared to patients previously exposed to biologic agents (P = 0.037). Twenty-six (26%) patients experienced adverse events (AEs) during the follow-up period, being most of them of mild-to-moderate intensity. The most common AE was local reaction at the site of injection (14/26; 53.8%). At the end of the observational period, 15 (15%) patients discontinued ixekizumab treatment due to limited clinical improvement (n = 11), adverse events (n = 3) or lost to follow-up (n = 1) within a mean ± SD time of 6.0 ± 3.9 months. CONCLUSION: The present study illustrates the initial experience with ixekizumab in real-world clinical practice confirming its usefulness and safety in the management of plaque psoriasis patients.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Reação no Local da Injeção/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
8.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care ; 24(3): 227-232, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30958043

RESUMO

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the health of oocyte donors and explain how they regard their experience in the long-term. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study in a single fertility centre that consists of a telephone interview guided by a semi-structured questionnaire covering several aspects of reproductive health and personal experience. Results: At the time of interview, 84 out of 121 women (69%) had children while 64 (53%) were already mothers at the time of their donation. Of the 38 women achieving a pregnancy after donation, five reported six pregnancy complications. Two out of 121 (2%) women reported being in menopause (aged 41 and 45). Twenty-three women (19%) reported gynaecological issues and eight (7%) reported fertility problems, although only four consulted a specialist. Most of women highlighted positive feelings about their donation (113, 93%) and 155 (97%) would recommend donating. Less than half (53, 44%) mentioned some negative aspects, mainly related to physical discomfort: injections (20,17%), pain (17, 14%), and side effects of ovarian stimulation (10, 8%). Conclusion: The impact of donation on women's life was mostly favourable, with the majority of participants reporting positive aspects and recommending donation, although some negative feelings as physical discomfort also arose. Therefore, more comfortable stimulation protocols could be developed.


Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Doação de Oócitos/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/epidemiologia , Injeções/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doação de Oócitos/efeitos adversos , Doação de Oócitos/psicologia , Indução da Ovulação/efeitos adversos , Dor/etiologia , Paridade , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Taxa de Gravidez , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Parasitology ; 144(2): 124-130, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27894367

RESUMO

Strongyloides venezuelensis is a parasitic nematode of rodents that is frequently used to obtain heterologous antigens for immunological diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. The aim of this study was to identify antigens from filariform larvae of S. venezuelensis for immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Soluble and membrane fractions from filariform larvae of S. venezuelensis were obtained in phosphate saline (SS and SM) and in Tris-HCl buffer (TS and TM), and were analysed by Western blotting. Different antigenic components were recognized by IgG antibodies from the sera of strongyloidiasis patients. Highest recognition was observed for a 30-40 kDa mass range present in all antigenic fractions. The band encompassing this mass range was then excised and subjected to mass spectrometry for protein identification. Immunoreactive proteins identified in the soluble fractions corresponded to metabolic enzymes, whereas cytoskeletal proteins and galectins were more abundant in the membrane fractions. These results represent the first approach towards identification of S. venezuelensis antigens for use in immunodiagnostic assays for human strongyloidiasis.


Assuntos
Strongyloides/imunologia , Estrongiloidíase/sangue , Estrongiloidíase/diagnóstico , Animais , Antígenos de Helmintos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Proteínas de Helminto/imunologia , Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estrongiloidíase/imunologia
10.
Genet Mol Res ; 16(2)2017 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28525650

RESUMO

Different studies have suggested an association between arsenic (As) exposure and damage to single-stranded DNA by reactive oxygen species derived from the biotransformation of arsenic. The single strand damages are converted to double strand damage upon interaction with ultraviolet radiation. Analysis of genomic integrity is important for assessing the genotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. In this study, we compared the concentration of As in drinking water, nutritional status, lifestyle variables, and the level of genotoxicity in an exposed population and a control group. Arsenic content of water was determined using a portable Arsenator® kit. DNA fragmentation was determined using the two-tailed comet assay. Our results show that the exposed population had low nutritional consumption compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the water consumed by the exposed group had As concentration of 14.3 ± 8.4 mg/L, whereas the As level in the water consumed by the control group was 7.7 ± 3.5 mg/L. Analysis shows that the frequency of double strand break (DSB) fragmentation was higher in the population exposed to higher levels of As compared to that of the control group. These results suggest a possible association between the concentration of As in drinking water and lifestyle variables, with increasing fragmentation of DSBs in the exposed population.


Assuntos
Intoxicação por Arsênico/genética , Arsênio/toxicidade , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Simples , Água Potável/química , Adulto , Arsênio/análise , Intoxicação por Arsênico/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México
11.
Opt Express ; 24(18): 20792-8, 2016 Sep 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27607682

RESUMO

Integral microscopes (IMic) have been recently developed in order to capture the spatial and the angular information of 3D microscopic samples with a single exposure. Computational post-processing of this information permits to carry out a 3D reconstruction of the sample. By applying conventional algorithms, both depth and also view reconstructions are possible. However, the main drawback of IMic is that the resolution of the reconstructed images is low and axially heterogeneous. In this paper, we propose a new configuration of the IMic by placing the lens array not at the image plane, but at the pupil (or Fourier) plane of the microscope objective. With this novel system, the spatial resolution is increased by factor 1.4, and the depth of field is substantially enlarged. Our experiments show the feasibility of the proposed method.

12.
J Microsc ; 261(3): 285-90, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26501512

RESUMO

Diabetes is currently the world's fastest growing chronic disease and it is caused by deficient production of insulin by the endocrine pancreas or by abnormal insulin action in peripheral tissues. This results in persistent hyperglycaemia that over time may produce chronic diabetic complications. Determination of glycated haemoglobin level is currently the gold standard method to evaluate and control sustained hyperglycaemia in diabetic people. This measurement is currently made by high-performance liquid chromatography, which is a complex chemical process that requires the extraction of blood from the antecubital vein. To reduce the complexity of that measurement, we propose a fully-optical technique that is based in the fact that there are changes in the optical properties of erythrocytes due to the presence of glucose-derived adducts in the haemoglobin molecule. To evaluate these changes, we propose to perform quantitative phase maps of erythrocytes by using telecentric digital holographic microscopy. Our experiments show that telecentric digital holographic microscopy allows detecting, almost in real time and from a single drop of blood, significant differences between erythrocytes of diabetic patients and healthy patients. Besides, our phase measurements are well correlated with the values of glycated haemoglobin and the blood glucose values.


Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Holografia/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Microscopia/métodos , Adulto , Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Helminthol ; 90(4): 422-7, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26169305

RESUMO

Strongyloides venezuelensis is an intestinal nematode of rats, frequently used as a model for studying human and animal strongyloidiasis. In the present study, we evaluated parasitological, serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of experimental S. venezuelensis in rats, Rattus norvegicus. Blood and faecal samples were collected and analysed up to 60 days post infection (pi) with adult worm recovery occurring from 5 to 45 days pi. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum levels of IgG antibodies increased up to 28 days pi, thereafter decreasing by day 60 pi. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays detected S. venezuelensis DNA in faecal samples of rats from 5 to 21 days pi. The present study therefore represents the first step towards improving the diagnosis of experimental strongyloidiasis.


Assuntos
Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/métodos , Strongyloides/isolamento & purificação , Estrongiloidíase/diagnóstico , Animais , Sangue/parasitologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes/parasitologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Parasitologia/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Ratos , Testes Sorológicos/métodos
14.
Skinmed ; 14(2): 131-3, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27319960

RESUMO

A 17-year-old adolescent girl attended our clinic for a scheduled review of her nevus lesions. She complained about a lesion on the posterior region of her neck, which she had noticed approximately 2 years before. Even though it had not caused any symptoms, its appearance had changed according to her parents. The patient's medical history, as well as that of her family's, was unremarkable.


Assuntos
Melanoma/patologia , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos
15.
Environ Monit Assess ; 188(8): 466, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27418073

RESUMO

Even though geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that is seen as cost-effective and environmentally friendly, emissions from geothermal plants can impact air, soil, and water in the vicinity of geothermal power plants. The Cerro Prieto geothermal complex is located 30 km southeast of the city of Mexicali in the Mexican state of Baja California. Its installed electricity generation capacity is 720 MW, being the largest geothermal complex in Mexico. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the emissions generated by the geothermal complex have increased the soil mercury concentration in the surrounding areas. Fifty-four surface soil samples were collected from the perimeter up to an approximate distance of 7660 m from the complex. Additionally, four soil depth profiles were performed in the vicinity of the complex. Mercury concentration in 69 % of the samples was higher than the mercury concentration found at the baseline sites. The mercury concentration ranged from 0.01 to 0.26 mg/kg. Our results show that the activities of the geothermal complex have led to an accumulation of mercury in the soil of the surrounding area. More studies are needed to determine the risk to human health and the ecosystems in the study area.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Mercúrio/análise , Centrais Elétricas , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Cidades , Humanos , México
16.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 58(3): 1596-602, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24366748

RESUMO

Current monotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis has serious side effects, and resistant Leishmania strains have been identified. Amphotericin B (AmB) has shown an extraordinary antileishmanial efficacy without emergence of resistance; however, toxicity has limited its general use. Results obtained showed, using a fixed-ratio analysis, that the combination of diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin) and AmB ranged from moderately synergic to synergic at low concentrations (0.07 µM AmB plus 35.45 µM allicin induced 95% growth inhibition). None of the treatments, alone or in combination, had noticeable adverse effects on macrophages (M) in the concentration range examined (allicin, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 µM; AmB, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 µM). Allicin, AmB, or the combination did not affect the infection rate (percentage of infected M) of Leishmania. Allicin enhanced the activity of AmB on intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (ca. 45% reduction of amastigote burden with 0.05 µM AmB plus 10 µM allicin); this represented nearly a 2-fold reduction in the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the antibiotic added alone. Results point toward the possible utility of testing this combination in vivo to reduce the toxicity associated with monotherapy with AmB.


Assuntos
Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmania infantum/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Sulfínicos/farmacologia , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Animais , Dissulfetos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ácidos Sulfínicos/administração & dosagem , Tripanossomicidas/administração & dosagem
17.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 69(12): 3268-74, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25096077

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of allicin and amphotericin deoxycholate (AmB) in the chemotherapy of Leishmania infantum infection with the final aim of reducing the dose of AmB in the chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis. METHODS: Hamsters were intraperitoneally (ip) infected with L. infantum (10(7) stationary phase promastigotes). On day 45 post-infection animals were treated ip with AmB (1 or 5 mg/kg/day), allicin (5 mg/kg/day) or a combination of AmB (1 mg/kg/day) + allicin (5 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Animals were clinically and biopathologically monitored and the antibody response (IgG, IgG1, IgG2) was determined. Parasite burdens were estimated by limiting dilution and AmB biodistribution was determined by HPLC in plasma, kidney, spleen and liver. RESULTS: No clinical signs or liver and kidney alterations were observed. AmB (1 mg/kg/day) did not clear the Leishmania infection and no parasites were detected in two animals treated with 5 mg/kg/day allicin. Combination therapy (5 mg/kg allicin + 1 mg/kg AmB) reduced the L. infantum burden by >95%. Antileishmanial activity of the combination was comparable (P < 0.05) to the standard AmB treatment (5 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: Allicin alone (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) significantly reduced the Leishmania burden in spleen and liver of infected hamsters. Co-administration of allicin (5 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and AmB (1 mg/kg/day for 5 days) showed a partial additive effect on the reduction of leishmanial burden in both target organs.


Assuntos
Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Leishmania infantum/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmaniose Visceral/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Sulfínicos/uso terapêutico , Anfotericina B/farmacocinética , Estruturas Animais/química , Animais , Antiprotozoários/farmacocinética , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cricetinae , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dissulfetos , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Carga Parasitária , Plasma/química , Ácidos Sulfínicos/farmacocinética , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Mol Biol Rep ; 41(4): 2275-9, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24435977

RESUMO

High levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) are involved in tumour escape mechanisms. The aim of this study is the evaluation of L-kynurenine of plasma as marker of diagnostic and prognostic in patients with colorectal cancer. The study included 78 patients with colorectal cancer, of whom 15 % were in stage I/II, 30 % in stage III, and 55 % in stage IV, and was compared with a control group of 70 healthy subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.917, with a specificity of 100 % and with a sensitivity to detect cancer of the colon of 85.2 %, taking 1.83 µM as a cut-off point. The overall survival analysis also indicated that patients with low levels of L-kynurenine in plasma increased survival rate after 45 months of follow-up (P = 0.032). These results show that the plasma levels of L-kynurenine could be a good biomarker to differentiate individuals with colorectal cancer from healthy individuals.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Curva ROC
19.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 49(2): 173-81, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24243684

RESUMO

AIMS: Adolescence is usually the time when individuals first drink alcohol and this has been associated with relatively weak or immature inhibitory control. This review examines the changes on brain development and inhibitory function that take place during adolescence and youth as well as the relationship between inhibitory control and alcohol use at this early age. METHODS: Narrative review of the chief studies related to (a) the development of inhibitory control during adolescence, (b) the deficits in the inhibitory ability in alcohol use disorders and (c) the effects of acute alcohol intake and binge drinking on inhibitory control in adolescents and young adults. RESULTS: Inhibitory control processes are developing during adolescence and youth. Poor inhibitory functions may predispose the individual to alcohol misuse. Likewise, acute and binge alcohol drinking may impair the inhibitory control and compromise the ability to prevent or stop behaviour related to alcohol use. CONCLUSION: Poor inhibitory control can be both the cause and the consequence of excessive alcohol use. Adolescence and young adulthood may be a particularly vulnerable period due to (a) the weak or immature inhibitory functioning typical of this stage may contribute to the inability of the individual to control alcohol use and (b) alcohol consumption per se may alter or interrupt the proper development of inhibitory control leading to a reduced ability to regulate alcohol intake. Further longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the interaction between inhibitory control dysfunction and alcohol use in both situations.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Humanos , Inibição Psicológica , Controle Interno-Externo , Adulto Jovem
20.
Radiologia ; 56(2): 175-9, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21724211

RESUMO

We present the cases of two men with isolated spontaneous dissection of visceral arteries diagnosed by multidetector CT. In the first patient, dissection of the celiac trunk was associated with periarterial changes. In the second patient, dissection of the superior mesenteric artery was associated with stenosis at the root of the celiac trunk. Both patients presented with acute pain, which was more intense and longer lasting in the first patient. Aortic dissection was suspected clinically in both patients. Both dissections were short and had patent saccular false lumens and reduced caliber of the true lumens. This morphological type is one of the most uncommon within this rare entity. However, in recent years, the number of cases published is rising. This suggests that this entity may have been underdiagnosed before the widespread use of multidetector CT. We discuss the two morphological classifications of dissection of the visceral arteries and the need to adapt therapeutic management to the particular circumstances of each case.


Assuntos
Dissecção Aórtica , Artéria Celíaca , Artérias Mesentéricas , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Artérias Mesentéricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Vísceras/irrigação sanguínea
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