Positive and negative parenting in conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits.

Less is known about the relationship between conduct disorder (CD), callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and positive and negative parenting in youth compared to early childhood. We combined traditional univariate analyses with a novel machine learning classifier (Angle-based Generalized Matrix Learning Vector Quantization) to classify youth (N = 756; 9-18 years) into typically developing (TD) or CD groups with or without elevated CU traits (CD/HCU, CD/LCU, respectively) using youth- and parent-reports of parenting behavior. At the group level, both CD/HCU and CD/LCU were associated with high negative and low positive parenting relative to TD. However, only positive parenting differed between the CD/HCU and CD/LCU groups. In classification analyses, performance was best when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD groups and poorest when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. Positive and negative parenting were both relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from TD, negative parenting was most relevant when distinguishing between CD/LCU and TD, and positive parenting was most relevant when distinguishing CD/HCU from CD/LCU groups. These findings suggest that while positive parenting distinguishes between CD/HCU and CD/LCU, negative parenting is associated with both CD subtypes. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple parenting behaviors in CD with varying levels of CU traits in late childhood/adolescence.

Neural correlates of theory of mind in typically-developing youth: Influence of sex, age and callous-unemotional traits.

Theory of mind (ToM), or the ability to infer and predict the intentions, thoughts and beliefs of others, involves cognitive perspective taking (cognitive ToM/cToM) and understanding emotions (affective ToM/aToM). While behavioral evidence indicates that ToM is influenced by sex and age, no study has examined the influence of these variables on the neural correlates of cToM and aToM in late childhood/adolescence. Using fMRI with 35 typically-developing youths (aged 9-18 years, 12 males), we investigated the influence of sex and age on the neural correlates of cToM and aToM. We also examined how callous-unemotional traits, indexing a lack of empathy, were related to brain responses during aToM. Across both conditions, we found convergent activity in ToM network regions, such as superior temporal sulcus/temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and precuneus across males and females, but males recruited the left TPJ significantly more than females during cToM. During aToM, age was negatively correlated with brain responses in frontal, temporal and posterior midline regions, while callous-unemotional traits were positively correlated with right anterior insula responses. These results provide the first evidence in youth that sex influences the neural correlates of cToM, while age and callous-unemotional traits are specifically related to brain responses during aToM.

Aconselhamento nutricional integrativo - interfaces entre nutrição moderna, Medicina Tradicional Chinesa e Ayurveda / Integrative nutritional counseling - interfaces between modern nutrition, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda

Introdução. O Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas regulamentou o exercício de racionalidades em saúde pelo profissional, entre elas a Medicina Tradicional Chinesa e o Ayurveda. Considerando que cada uma insere a alimentação em uma interpretação própria, integrar esses diferentes sistemas médicos com a nutrição moderna, inserida na lógica da biomedicina, pode ser desafiador. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar as interfaces entre as três racionalidades e suas potencialidades e desafios na construção de um aconselhamento nutricional integrativo. Métodos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão realizado em três bases de dados com período restrito entre 2012 a 2022. Referências de busca livre também foram incluídas no trabalho. Para o levantamento dos dados foram formuladas duas perguntas que direcionaram a busca e a seleção dos artigos, a primeira para entender as características básicas da alimentação segundo essas racionalidades e a segunda para investigar se há, na literatura, experiências dessa integração na nutrição. Resultados. Foram incluidas 32 referências a partir da busca nas bases de dados. Apenas 3 estudos testaram a integração entre intervenções alimentares, mas com foco em adaptação cultural para chineses. Conclusão. As racionalidades médicas Medicina Tradicional Chinesa e Ayurveda podem contribuir com o deslocamento da posição central da biomedicina na nutrição, ampliando suas formas de cuidado, estimulando a visão do homem em sua totalidade e individualidade. Todavia há muitos desafios para serem compreendidos e superados no processo de integração entre diferentes racionalidades para garantir qualidade e segurança na atuação do profissional que deseja atuar com essa área.

Introduction. The Federal Council of Nutritionists regulated the exercise of health rationales by professionals, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda. Considering that each one inserts food in its own interpretation, integrating these different medical systems with modern nutrition, inserted in the logic of biomedicine, can be challenging. Thus, the present study aimed to study the interfaces between the three rationales and their potentialities and challenges in the construction of an integrative nutritional counseling. Methods. A review driven in three databases with a restricted period between 2012 and 2022. Free search references were also included. For data collection, two questions were formulated that guided the search and selection of articles, the first to understand the basic characteristics of food according to these rationales and the second to investigate whether there are, in the literature, experiences of this integration in nutrition. Results. 38 references were included from the database search. Only 3 studies tested the integration between dietary interventions, but with a focus on cultural adaptation for Chinese. Conclusion. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda can contribute to shifting the central position of biomedicine in nutrition, expanding its forms of care, stimulating the totality and individuality vision of human. However, there are many challenges to be understood and overcome in the integration process between different rationales to guarantee quality and safety in the performance of the professional who wants to work in this area.