RESUMO
Inflammation is a vital protective response to threats, but it can turn harmful if chronic and uncontrolled. Key elements involve pro-inflammatory cells and signaling pathways, including the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ampelopsis grossedentata, or vine tea, contains dihydromyricetin (DHM) and myricetin, which are known for their various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of an extract of A. grossedentata leaves (50 µg/mL) on inflammation factors such as inflammasome, pro-inflammatory pathways, and macrophage polarization, as well as its antioxidant properties, with a view to combating the development of low-grade inflammation. Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (APG) significantly decreased ROS production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-17a) in human leukocytes. In addition, APG reduced LPS/IFNγ -induced M1-like macrophage polarization, resulting in a significant decrease in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, along with a decrease in the percentage of M1 macrophages and an increase in M0 macrophages. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and in the expression of inflammasome genes (NLRP3, IL-1ß and Caspase 1) was observed. The results suggest that Ampelopsis grossedentata could be a promising option for managing inflammation-related chronic diseases. Further research is needed to optimize dosage and administration methods.
Assuntos
Ampelopsis , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Inflamassomos , NF-kappa B , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Citocinas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
(1) Interest in the Juncaceae family has risen as some members have shown anti-inflammatory properties and interesting compounds. In this regard, we decided to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Luzula sylvatica, a Juncaceae not yet extensively studied, in the context of osteoarthritis. (2) The Luzula sylvatica Ethanol extract (LS-E) was used to test the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by leucocytes, the IL1ß and PGE2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the production of EP4, and the activation of NFκB in THP-1, as well as the IL1ß-activated normal human knee articular chondrocytes (NHAC-Kn) gene expression, grown in monolayers or maintained in alginate beads. (3) Organic acids, caffeoylquinic acids, quercetin and luteolin, compounds frequently found in this family were identified. The LS-E exhibited inhibited ROS formation. The LS-E did not affect NFκB activation and IL1ß secretion but dampened the secretion of PGE2 by PBMCs and the presence of EP4 in THP-1. It also modulated the expression of NHAC-Kn in both models and inhibited the expression of several proteases and inflammatory mediators. (4) Luzula sylvatica might supply interesting antioxidant protection against cartilage damages and lessen joint inflammation, notably by decreasing PGE2 secretion in the synovial fluid. Moreover, it could act directly on chondrocytes by decreasing the expression of proteases and, thus, preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Antioxidantes , Cartilagem Articular , Extratos Vegetais , Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , MagnoliopsidaRESUMO
Phenanthrenoids have been widely described, in the Juncaceae family, for theirbiological properties such as antitumor, anxiolytic, anti-microbial, spasmolytic, and antiinflammatoryactivities. The Juncaceae family is known to contain a large variety ofphenanthrenoids possessing especially anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. Luzulasylvatica, a Juncaceae species, is widely present in the Auvergne region of France, but has neverbeen studied neither for its phytochemical profile nor for its biological properties. We investigatedthe phytochemical profile and evaluated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of L. sylvaticaaerial parts extracts. A bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out to identify the most activefractions. Nine compounds were isolated, one coumarin 1 and eight phenanthrene derivatives (2-9), including four new compounds (4, 5, 8 and 9), from n-hexane and CH2Cl2, fractions. Theirstructures were established by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The biological properties,especially the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activities (ROS production) and antiproliferativeactivity on THP-1, a monocytic leukemia cell line, of each compound, were evaluated. Threephenanthrene derivatives 4, 6, and 7 showed very promising antiproliferative activities.Phenanthrene derivatives.
Assuntos
Cumarínicos/química , Citotoxinas/química , Magnoliopsida/química , Fenantrenos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cumarínicos/isolamento & purificação , Cumarínicos/farmacologia , Citotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Fenantrenos/isolamento & purificação , Fenantrenos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
The present study aimed at developing an original pre-column HPLC assay allowing rapid characterization of nitric oxide (NO) scavengers from complex plant extracts. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was employed as a NO donor and spiked with an aqueous extract from Aloysia triphylla leaves prior to HPLC analysis. Relying on the ability of radical scavenging constituents to be oxidized upon reaction with radicals, this assay successfully allowed direct identification of three potential NO scavengers, including verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide. These three phenolics were also individually assessed for their NO scavenging activities by using a Griess colorimetric assay. With respective IC50 values of 56 ± 4, 51 ± 3, and 69 ± 5 µg/mL, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide were all reported as potent NO scavenging compounds, confirming the efficiency of the SNP spiking HPLC assay. The present method can, thus, be considered as a valuable and effective approach for speeding up the discovery of NO scavenging constituents.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Óxido Nítrico/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Verbenaceae/química , Antioxidantes/química , Flavonas/química , Glucosídeos/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported that polyphenols may exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of preventive consumption of polyphenol-rich red grape pomace extracts (GPEs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Rats were fed for 21 days with a semi-synthetic diet enriched with a GPE (Alicante-S, Alicante-P or Pinot-S) and colitis was induced by DSS administration in drinking water (40 g L(-1) ) during the last 7 days of experimentation. RESULTS: GPEs attenuated clinical signs and colon shortening and Alicante GPEs limited histological lesions induced by DSS. GPEs curbed the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and modulated antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, GPEs prevented the DSS-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the up-regulation of various genes implicated in colitis such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that polyphenol-rich red GPEs could provide prevention against colon inflammation.
Assuntos
Colite/prevenção & controle , Sulfato de Dextrana , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis/análise , Vitis , Animais , Antioxidantes , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/genética , Colo/patologia , Citocinas/análise , Inflamação/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/genética , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/genética , Estresse Oxidativo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis is a widely used model for inflammatory bowel disease. However, various factors including nutrition may affect the development of this colitis. This study aimed to compare and characterize the impact of purified and non-purified basal diets on the development of DSS-induced colitis in the rat. METHODS: Wistar rats were fed a non-purified or a semi-synthetic purified diet for 21 days. Colitis was then induced in half of the rats by administration of DSS in drinking water (4% w/v) during the last 7 days of experimentation. At the end of the experimental period, colon sections were taken for histopathological examination, determination of various markers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase: MPO, cytokines) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, glutathione peroxidase: GPx and glutathione reductase: GRed activities), and evaluation of the expression of various genes implicated in this disorder. RESULTS: DSS ingestion induced a more marked colitis in animals receiving the purified diet, as reflected by higher histological score and increased MPO activity. A significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities was also observed in rats fed the purified diet. Also, in these animals, administration of DSS induced a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1ß and IL-6. In addition, various genes implicated in inflammation were over-expressed after ingestion of DSS by rats fed the purified diet. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a purified diet promotes the onset of a more severe induced colitis than a non-purified one, highlighting the influence of basal diet in colitis development.
Assuntos
Colite/dietoterapia , Dieta , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Peso Corporal , Catalase/metabolismo , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Sulfato de Dextrana/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Energia , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Interleucina-1alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) infusion, a widely consumed herbal tea, contains significant amounts of polyphenols such as flavone diglucuronides and phenylpropanoid glycosides (mainly verbascoside). We have recently shown that lemon verbena infusion offers beneficial effects against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation in rats. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability and intestinal absorption of polyphenols derived from lemon verbena infusion in both healthy and colitic rats. For this purpose, lemon verbena infusion was given to rats ad libitum for 14 d, and then 4 % DSS was added to the infusion for 7 d. Before and after DSS administration, 24 h urinary excretion of polyphenols was determined. Flavones were excreted in the urine as conjugated aglycones, and their excretion was not significantly altered by colonic inflammation. Only trace amounts of verbascoside were excreted in the urine, but various metabolites (hydroxycinnamic acids) were detected. The urinary excretion of hydroxycinnamic acids, particularly that of caffeic acid, increased after DSS administration (P< 0·05). Only flavone aglycones (luteolin and diosmetin) were excreted in the faeces in small proportions (3·2 % of ingested flavones). Intestinal absorption of lemon verbena polyphenols was examined using an in situ intestinal perfusion model. Intestinal absorption of verbascoside and flavone diglucuronides did not significantly differ between the healthy and colitic rats. Collectively, these results show that intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of lemon verbena flavone diglucuronides were not altered by colonic inflammation, but that urinary excretion of hydroxycinnamic acids derived from verbascoside was affected in a colitic situation.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Colo/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/metabolismo , Absorção Intestinal/fisiologia , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Verbena/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bebidas , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fezes/química , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Polifenóis/urina , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Recently, the development of functional beverages has been enhanced to promote health and nutritional well-being. Thus, the fermentation of plant foods with lactic acid bacteria can enhance their antioxidant capacity and others like anti-inflammatory activity, which may depend on the variations in the total content and profile of (poly)phenols. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of fermentation with two strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum of several herbal infusions from thyme, rosemary, echinacea, and pomegranate peel on the (poly)phenolic composition and whether lacto-fermentation can contribute to enhance their in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on human colon myofibroblast CCD18-Co cells. HPLC-MS/MS analyses revealed that fermentation increased the content of the phenolics present in all herbal infusions. In vitro analyses indicated that pomegranate infusion showed higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, followed by thyme, echinacea, and rosemary, based on the total phenolic content. After fermentation, despite increasing the content of phenolics, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via reduction pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8 and PGE2) were similar to those of their corresponding non-fermented infusions, with the exception of a greater reduction in lacto-fermented thyme. Overall, the findings suggest that the consumption of lacto-fermented herbal infusions could be beneficial in alleviating intestinal inflammatory disorders.
RESUMO
Excess weight and obesity are the fifth leading cause of death globally, and sustained efforts from health professionals and researchers are required to mitigate this pandemic-scale problem. Polyphenols and flavonoids found in Aspalathus linearis-a plant widely consumed as Rooibos tea-are increasingly being investigated for their positive effects on various health issues including inflammation. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of Rooibos extract on obesity and the associated low-grade chronic inflammatory state by testing antioxidant activity, cytokine secretions, macrophage polarization and the differentiation of human adipocytes through the development of adipospheroids. Rooibos extract significantly decreased ROS production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2 and IL-17a) in human leukocytes. Additionally, Rooibos extract down-regulated LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization, shown by a significant decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1ß and CXCL10. In addition, Rooibos inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced adipogenesis by decreasing the expression of PPARγ, Ap2 and HSL in adipospheroids. A significant decrease in leptin expression was noted and this, more interestingly, was accompanied by a significant increase in adiponectin expression. Using a co-culture system between macrophages and adipocytes, Rooibos extract significantly decreased the expression of all studied pro-inflammatory cytokines and particularly leptin, and increased adiponectin expression. Thus, adding Rooibos tea to the daily diet is likely to prevent the development of obesity associated with chronic low-level inflammation.
Assuntos
Aspalathus , Humanos , Leptina , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Adiponectina , Obesidade/complicações , Inflamação , Adipócitos , Citocinas , CháRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the n-butanol fraction of the methanol leaf extract of Artemisia campestris (BFAC), growing wild in the arid zone of Tunisia, on induced obesity in male Wistar rats. METHODS: The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the BFAC were estimated. The main phenolic composition of the BFAC was determined using the high-performance chromatography system coupled with a diode array detector technics. Five groups of rats received either a standard diet (SD group), a high-fat diet (HFD group), or an HFD supplemented with oral administration of BFAC for eight weeks. RESULTS: The BFAC showed higher phenolic content and antioxidant potential than the total leaf methanol extract. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified in the BFAC. HFD increased body and relative liver weights, as well as serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, compared to SD. HFD generated significant oxidative stress in the liver by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, compared to SD. These HFD-altered parameters were restored to normal values by oral treatment with the BFAC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings give first evidence about the antiobesity efficacy of A. campestris. Such a study would enhance existing information and promote the use of this species.
Assuntos
Artemisia , 1-Butanol/metabolismo , 1-Butanol/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Artemisia/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Fígado , Masculino , Metanol/farmacologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of an uncontrolled intestinal inflammation leading to mucosal disruption. This inflammation is accompanied by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyphenols are micronutrients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and may play an interesting role in the prevention of intestinal inflammation. Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) infusion is a popular herbal infusion rich in polyphenols (flavones and verbascoside). AIMS: This study evaluated the preventive effects of lemon verbena infusion consumption against mild-to-moderate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Wistar rats drank water or lemon verbena infusion for 14 days. On day 15, half of the rats received DSS (4%) in their drink for 7 days. At the end of the experimental period, the colon was taken for histopathological examination and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione reductase [GR], catalase [CAT]), glutathione and lipid peroxidation. Lymphocyte populations were determined in blood, mesenteric nodes and Peyer's patches. RESULTS: Rats ingested daily 5.6 µmol of polyphenols. DSS reduced food intake and induced colitis, as reflected by histological lesions and increased MPO activity. Although these alterations were not significantly counteracted by lemon verbena consumption, the herbal infusion increased colonic SOD activity and decreased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Other oxidative stress markers (GPx, GR, CAT, glutathione) were not significantly modified. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the preventive consumption of lemon verbena infusion offered some antioxidative protection during experimental colitis by stimulating SOD activity and decreasing lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Colite/metabolismo , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Preparações de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Verbena , Administração Oral , Animais , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a widespread anthocyanin derivative, which has been reported in vitro to exert potent antioxidant, antiglycation and α-glucosidase inhibition effects. Nevertheless, the physiological relevance of such properties remains uncertain considering its significant instability in gastrointestinal conditions. A simulated digestion procedure was thus instigated to assess the influence of gastric and intestinal media on its chemical integrity and biological activities. HPLC analyses of digested C3G samples confirmed the striking impact of intestinal conditions, as attested by a decomposition ratio of 70%. In contrast, with recovery rates of around 90%, antiglycation, as well as DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, uniformly revealed a noteworthy persistence of its antiglycoxidant capacities. Remarkably, a prominent increase of its α-glucosidase inhibition activity was even observed after the intestinal phase, suggesting that classical in vitro evaluations might underestimate C3G antidiabetic potential. Consequently, the present data provide novel and specific insights on C3G's digestive fate, suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract does not profoundly affect its positive action on oxidative and carbonyl stresses. More specifically, it also tends to support its regulating effects on postprandial hyperglycemia and its potential usefulness for diabetes management.
RESUMO
Vaccinium myrtillus fruit (bilberry) is well known for its high richness in anthocyanins, which may be responsible for its preventive effects on several oxidative and carbonyl stress-related pathologies. However, limited data are available regarding the antioxidant and antiglycative contributions of its constituents. Spectrometric analyses were performed to evaluate anthocyanin content, radical scavenging and antiglycative properties of an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberries. Additionally, original DPPH and methylglyoxal pre-column HPLC methods were instigated to allow straightforward identification of the main contributors to radical and carbonyl trapping effects. Finally, representative pure anthocyanins were evaluated using classical DPPH and antiglycation assays. Delphinidin, petunidin and cyanidin glycosides were identified as the most effective radical scavenging constituents in both HPLC and spectrometric DPPH evaluations. Potent antiglycative activities were also assessed for cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin glucosides as attested by their respective IC50 values of 114.2 ± 7.8, 130.5 ± 2.8, and 132.4 ± 3.7 µM. Interestingly, methylglyoxal spiking evaluation demonstrated that all bilberry anthocyanins exerted noticeable and comparable α-dicarbonyl trapping effects. Anthocyanins can be regarded as potent antiglycoxidant agents that might account for some health benefits of bilberries consumption. Besides, significant differences in their contributions were successfully highlighted by the employed pre-column HPLC assays.
RESUMO
Anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus fruits have been reported in vitro to exert potent radical scavenging and antiglycation activities. However, the physiological relevance of such properties remains unclear given the potential susceptibility of anthocyanin derivatives to digestive conditions. A simulated gastrointestinal tract model was thus implemented to assess the impact of gastric and intestinal phases on the chemical integrity of bilberry anthocyanins and their antiglycoxidant effects. Results demonstrated that the investigated activities as well as total and individual anthocyanin contents were marginally affected by gastric conditions. By contrast, with recoveries ranging from 16.1 to 41.2%, bilberry anthocyanins were shown to be highly sensitive to the intestinal phase. Of major interest, a much better preservation was observed for radical scavenging and antiglycation activities as attested by recovery rates ranging from 79.1 to 86.7%. Consistently with previous observations, the present study confirms the moderate bioaccessibility of anthocyanin constituents. It does however provide valuable information supporting the persistence of substantial radical scavenging and antiglycation activities at each step of the digestion process. Taken together, these data indicate that digestive conditions might not abolish the potential positive effects of bilberry consumption on both oxidative and carbonyl stresses.
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BACKGROUND: Some Bupleurum species, such as the Bupleurum chinense DC. or the Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd have been extensively studied (especially their roots) for the treatment of inflammation. In contrast, only compounds extracted from the aerial parts of Bupleurum rotundifolium have been studied and showed anti-inflammatory or antiproliferative activities. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of Bupleurum rotundifolium roots. METHODS: To tackle the various aspects of inflammation, we studied in vitro a methanolic extract from the roots of Bupleurum rotundifolium on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and the monocytic cells THP-1. Its antioxidant capacities and iron-chelating activity were assessed. The extract was tested on THP-1 differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by leukocytes, neutrophils chemotaxis, cytokines, PGE2 production, and NF-κB activation in PBMCs. RESULTS: The extract showed a decreased ROS production in stimulated cells. It increased PBMC chemokine secretion and up-regulated the differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophage-like cells, indicating a potential interest of the extract in the resolution of acute inflammation. In addition, the analysis of cytokine production suggests that Bupleurum rotundifolium has immunomodulatory properties. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokines secretion, especially IL-1ß and IL-12p70, provided us with a set of indicators suggesting that the extract might be able to drive the polarization of macrophages and lymphocytes toward a Th2 anti-inflammatory profile in excessive inflammation.
RESUMO
Evidence from several epidemiological and experimental studies points to a beneficial role of dietary polyphenols in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigate the protective effect of dietary supplementation with various amounts of a polyphenol-rich grape pomace extract (GPE) on the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Rats were fed 21 days on a semisynthetic diet enriched with GPE (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%), and acute colitis was induced by DSS (40 g/L in the drinking water) administration during the last 7 days. The low GPE content in the diet (0.1%) attenuated clinical signs and colon shortening and limited DSS-induced histological lesions. GPE 0.1% also attenuated the DSS-induced increase in myeloperoxidase activity and improved superoxide dismutase activity. Higher amounts of GPE in the diet induced only weak and nonsignificant protective effects. These results suggest that consumption of a low amount of polyphenol-rich GPE helps protect against colitis development.
Assuntos
Colite/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Vitis/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Colite/sangue , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana , Frutas/química , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/sangue , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Peroxidase/sangue , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/sangueRESUMO
Phenolic compounds contribute to the micronutrient composition of pasture, which in turn may affect animal product composition. To assess the importance and variations in content of these compounds, the polyphenolic and botanical compositions of 24 permanent pastures located in one lowland and two upland regions were studied at equivalent stages of growth. Phenolic fractions were characterized and quantified using HPLC-PDA-ESI-QToF, and the total content was determined by colorimetry over each whole pasture. A rise in altitude was accompanied by a marked increase in total phenolic content, linked to changes in botanical composition, but did not have any influence on the distribution according to molecular class. For all of the pastures, significantly different patterns due to qualitative and quantitative differences among the 92 separate peaks were observed with 31 compounds identified. The involvement of certain plants in the variations of content and composition in phenolic compounds of pastures was statistically evaluated.
Assuntos
Fenóis/análise , Poaceae/química , Ração Animal , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por ElectrosprayRESUMO
Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. Several positive effects of anthocyanin feeding have been described. We evaluated the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-glucoside and malvidin 3-glucoside) in rats adapted for 8 d to a diet enriched with a lyophilized blackberry powder. Rats had free access to an anthocyanin-containing diet for 8 h/d. Food was consumed throughout this period, and no anthocyanin accumulated in plasma at any of the times of sampling. Anthocyanins were recovered in urine as the intact glycosidic forms, whereas neither aglycone nor conjugates were detected. Moreover, peonidin 3-glucoside was present in urine and could have resulted from hepatic methylation at the 3' hydroxyl moiety position of cyanidin 3-glucoside. Urinary recovery of cyanidin 3-glucoside in either intact or methylated forms was approximately 0.26% of the ingested amount, whereas that of malvidin 3-glucoside was 0.67%. This result suggested that structure of the aglycone moiety of anthocyanins could play an important role in their metabolism. Low amounts of glucosides as well as of cyanidin were recovered in cecal contents. This could result from adaptation of microflora to anthocyanin degradation. Overall, these data indicate that blackberry anthocyanins are excreted in urine as intact and methylated glucoside forms and that their bioavailability is very low compared with other flavonoids.