RESUMO
Two novel series of spirocyclic piperidine analogs appended to a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine core were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HCV activity. A series of piperidine ketals afforded dispiro 6p which showed excellent in vitro anti-HCV activities (EC50 of 1.5nM and 1.2nM against genotype 1a and 1b replicons, respectively). A series of piperidine oxazolidinones afforded 27c which showed EC50's of 10.9nM and 6.1nM against 1a and 1b replicons, respectively. Both compounds 6p and 27c bound directly to non-structural NS4B protein in vitro (IC50's=10.2 and 30.4nM, respectively) and exhibited reduced potency in replicons containing resistance mutations encoding changes in the NS4B protein.
Assuntos
Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Hepacivirus/fisiologia , Compostos de Espiro/química , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Antivirais/síntese química , Desenho de Fármacos , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/metabolismo , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Compostos de Espiro/síntese químicaRESUMO
Optimization of the amino acid residue of a series of anthranilimide-based glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors is described leading to the identification of serine and threonine ether analogs. t-Butylthreonine analog 20 displayed potent in vitro inhibition of GPa, low potential for P450 inhibition, and excellent pharmacokinetic properties.
Assuntos
Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glicogênio Fosforilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Imidas/química , Serina/química , Treonina/química , ortoaminobenzoatos/química , Animais , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Desenho de Fármacos , Glicina/química , Glicogênio Fosforilase/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Fígado/enzimologia , Modelos Químicos , RatosRESUMO
Key binding interactions of the anthranilimide based glycogen phosphorylase a (GPa) inhibitor 2 from X-ray crystallography studies are described. This series of compounds bind to the AMP site of GP. Using the binding information the core and the phenyl urea moieties were optimized. This work culminated in the identification of compounds with single nanomolar potency as well as in vivo efficacy in a diabetic model.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glicogênio Fosforilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipoglicemiantes/síntese química , ortoaminobenzoatos/síntese química , ortoaminobenzoatos/farmacologia , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Cristalografia por Raios X , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipoglicemiantes/sangue , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Camundongos , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/farmacologia , ortoaminobenzoatos/sangue , ortoaminobenzoatos/químicaRESUMO
Optimization of the amino acid residue within a series of anthranilimide-based glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors is described. These studies culminated in the identification of anthranilimides 16 and 22 which displayed potent in vitro inhibition of GPa in addition to reduced inhibition of CYP2C9 and excellent pharmacokinetic properties.
Assuntos
Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glicogênio Fosforilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Imidas/farmacologia , ortoaminobenzoatos/farmacologia , Animais , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Glicina/química , Glicogênio Fosforilase/metabolismo , Humanos , Imidas/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Fígado/enzimologia , Conformação Molecular , Ratos , ortoaminobenzoatos/químicaRESUMO
Genetic manipulation studies in mice at both the MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) as well as the MCH peptide levels have implicated MCHR1 as a key player in energy homeostasis. The phenotype exhibited by these studies, that is, increased metabolic rate, resistance to high fat diet, and subsequent weight loss, has spurred considerable efforts to develop antagonists of MCHR1. In continuation of efforts directed toward this goal, the present work capitalizes on the putative binding mode of an MCH antagonist, resulting in the identification of several novel chemotypes that are potent and selective MCHR1 antagonists. In addition, the favorable pharmacokinetics of representative examples has allowed for the evaluation of an MCHR1 antagonist in a high fat diet-induced obese rodent model of obesity. The tolerability of the right-hand side of the template for diverse chemotypes accompanied by favorable effects on weight loss enhances the attractiveness of this template in the pursuit toward development of effective anti-obesity agents.
Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/síntese química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Receptores de Somatostatina/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiofenos/síntese química , Animais , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacocinética , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Camundongos , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Receptores de Somatostatina/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/farmacocinética , Tiofenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Opioid analgesics with both micro and delta opioid receptor activation represent a new approach to the treatment of severe pain with an improved safety profile. Compounds with this profile may exhibit strong analgesic properties due to micro agonism, with a reduced side effect profile resulting from delta agonism. Replacing the p-diethylamide of the known potent delta opioid receptor selective agonist BW373U86 with a m-diethylamide resulted in a compound with agonist activity at both the micro and delta opioid receptors. Modifying the amide to an N-methyl-N-phenylamide increased agonist potency at both receptors. A series of 3-(alphaR)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N-alkyl-N-arylbenzamides have been made to explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) around the N-methyl-N-phenylamide. Several potent agonists of both the micro and delta opioid receptors have been identified, including (+)-3-((alphaR)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methylbenzamide (23), which has EC50 values of 0.67 and 1.1 nM at the micro (guinea pig ileum assay) and delta (mouse vas deferens assay) opioid receptors, respectively.
Assuntos
Benzamidas/síntese química , Piperazinas/síntese química , Receptores Opioides delta/agonistas , Receptores Opioides mu/agonistas , Animais , Benzamidas/química , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Cobaias , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Íleo/fisiologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Camundongos , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Piperazinas/química , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ducto Deferente/efeitos dos fármacos , Ducto Deferente/fisiologiaRESUMO
A new series of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors based on an imidazole-amide biarylether scaffold has been identified and shown to possess potent antiviral activity against HIV-1, including the NNRTI-resistant Y188L mutated virus. X-ray crystallography of inhibitors bound to reverse transcriptase, including a structure of the Y188L RT protein, was used extensively to help identify and optimize the key hydrogen-bonding motif. This led directly to the design of compound 43 that exhibits remarkable antiviral activity (EC50<1 nM) against a wide range of NNRTI-resistant viruses and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile across multiple species.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologiaRESUMO
A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines which directly bind to HCV Non-Structural Protein 4B (NS4B) is described. This series demonstrates potent in vitro inhibition of HCV replication (EC50 < 10 nM), direct binding to purified NS4B protein (IC50 < 20 nM), and an HCV resistance pattern associated with NS4B (H94N/R, V105L/M, F98L) that are unique among reported HCV clinical assets, suggestive of the potential for additive or synergistic combination with other small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication.
RESUMO
A set of novel heterocyclic pyrimidyl hydrazones has been synthesized as inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) with the most active exhibiting low nanomolar activity. Quantum mechanical calculations indicate that of the conformational factors that could determine binding affinity, the planarity of the phenyl ring in relation to the central core and the conformation of the hydrazone chain may be the most influential.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos Heterocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Hidrazinas/síntese química , Hidrazinas/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Modelos Químicos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
The first report on the identification and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of GPR40 agonists based on a 3-(4-{[N-alkyl]amino}phenyl)propanoic acid template is described. Structural modifications to the original screening hit yielded compounds with a 100-fold increase in potency at the human GPR40 receptor and pEC(50)s in the low nanomolar range. The carboxylic acid moiety is not critical for activity but typically elicits an agonistic response higher than those observed with carboxamide replacements. These compounds may prove useful in unraveling the therapeutic potential of this receptor for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Alcanos/síntese química , Alcanos/farmacologia , Propionatos/síntese química , Propionatos/farmacologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Optimization of a series of constrained melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH R1) antagonists has provided compounds with potent and selective MCH R1 activity. Details of the optimization process are provided and the use of one of the compounds in an animal model of diet-induced obesity is presented.
Assuntos
Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Receptores do Hormônio Hipofisário/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos AKR , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Receptores do Hormônio Hipofisário/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Compostos de Sulfidrila/químicaRESUMO
A novel series of [1-(1H-benzimidazol-7-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl] arylhydrazones was synthesized and shown to potently inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). In light of detailed structure-activity relationships and structural knowledge of the GSK-3 binding pocket, a benzimidazole substituent was incorporated onto the pyrazolopyrimidine core resulting in improved potency over previous analogs. More importantly, these derivatives show low nanomolar efficacy for stimulating glycogen synthesis in vitro and therefore may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Hidrazonas/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Cães , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hidrazonas/química , Modelos MolecularesRESUMO
This communication describes the discovery and synthesis of a series of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitro-5-arylpyrazoles as potent K(ATP) channel agonists. The most potent compound reported is ca. 100-fold more potent than diazoxide and exhibits selectivity for the SUR1 K(ATP) channel subtype. The 4-nitro substitutent on the pyrazole ring was required for activity, and limited SAR suggests that the de-protonated pyrazole maybe the active species.
Assuntos
Membrana Celular/química , Canais de Potássio Corretores do Fluxo de Internalização/agonistas , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Diazóxido/química , Diazóxido/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oócitos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Xenopus laevis/metabolismoRESUMO
A series of [1-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]arylhydrazones were discovered as novel inhibitors glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Based on initial modeling a detailed SAR was constructed. Modification of the interior binding aryl ring (Ar(1)) determined this to be a tight binding region with little room for modification. As predicted from the model, a large variety of modifications could be incorporated into the hydrazone aryl ring. This work led to GSK-3 inhibitors in the low nano-molar range.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Modelos Moleculares , Pirimidinas/químicaRESUMO
A series of 7-substituted-3-cyclobutylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated as K(ATP) channel agonists using the inside-out excised patch clamp technique. The most active compounds were approximately 20-fold more potent than diazoxide in opening K(ATP) channels. A linear relationship exists between the potency of the compound and the sigma value of the 7-substituent with electron-withdrawing groups exhibiting higher activity. These compounds may be useful in modulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and in diseases associated with hyperinsulinemia.
Assuntos
Benzotiadiazinas/síntese química , Benzotiadiazinas/farmacologia , Canais de Potássio/agonistas , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Elétrons , Eletrofisiologia , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Canais KATP , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Canais de Potássio Corretores do Fluxo de Internalização , Prótons , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Se realiza un estudio higiénico-epidemiológico de 2 brotes de intoxicaciones alimentaria relacionadas con la ingestión de jurel (Caranx fallax), capturado en la costa centro sur del país, con un total de 26 personas enfermas. Los métodos utilizados para el diagnóstico de los brotes incluyeron: examen clínico, análisis de laboratorio para determinar la actividad de la colinesterasa sanguínea, encuestas epidemiológicas, bioensayo de toxicidad de las muestras de pescado en gatos de corta edad e inspecciones sanitarias en los lugares donde se elaboraron y consumieron los alimentos; se concluye que el jurel de la costa sur tenía relación causal con los 2 brotes estudiados, que por sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas eran compatibles con la ciguatera