RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: People commonly use new technologies to promote a healthy lifestyle and help them lose weight through nutritional programs. This study evaluated the quality of individualized meal plans offered by dietary apps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten apps that offer personalized meal plans were selected for the study, weekly meal plans were generated, and the nutritional values of the diets were calculated. The Healthy Diet Indicator and the Diet Quality Index were estimated. RESULTS: Significant differences between apps were observed in the calculated energy values (p<0.0001) and macronutrients (p<0.05), the content of vitamins (vitamin A, E, K, B1, B3, B6, folates, C: p<0.05) and minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphor, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese: p<0.05), as well as diet quality (p<0.05) and food group consumption (vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy products, vegan products, meat, nuts, fats, sweets, beverages: p<0.05). Most diets covered the demand for the required nutrients, but the percentage of energy from fats, proteins and carbohydrates differed from the recommendations. Moreover, the nutritional values of the diets provided in the apps significantly differ from the values calculated using the nutritional databases. CONCLUSIONS: The meal plans from apps significantly differ in nutrients and food group intake. The quality of the diets offered in the app should be improved.
Assuntos
Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Humanos , Vitaminas , Minerais , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
An acidic O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O25 followed by gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography. The O-polysaccharide was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including two-dimensional correlation (1)H,(13)C HMBC, and (1)H,(1)H ROESY experiments both in D(2)O and, to detect correlations for NH protons, in a 9 : 1 H(2)O/D(2)O mixture. An amino acid was isolated from the polysaccharide by acid hydrolysis and identified as N(ε)-[(R)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-lysine ("alaninolysine", 2S,8R-alaLys) by determination of the specific optical rotation and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, using the authentic synthetic diastereomers 2S,8R-alaLys and 2S,8S-alaLys for comparison. The structure of the branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Lisina/análogos & derivados , Antígenos O/química , Providencia/metabolismo , Sequência de Carboidratos , Lisina/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Antígenos O/isolamento & purificação , Rotação Ocular , Providencia/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining mental and physical health. This study assessed the effect of physical activity monitoring awareness on the physical activity level and subjective self-assessment of physical activity in middle-aged subjects with normal cognitive function (NCF) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five subjects aged 50-65 years with NCF and MCI were randomised into two experimental groups, each taking part in two one-week intervention periods. Subjects in group A were not aware that their physical activity was monitored in the first week (phase I) and were aware of the monitoring in the second week (phase II), whereas it was the opposite order for group B. Physical activity was assessed using the ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: A total of 32 subjects (MCI: n = 12, NCF: n = 20) completed both intervention periods, with MCI subjects having significantly lower objectively assessed physical activity than NCF participants. Moreover, subjectively assessed physical activity in the MCI group was significantly higher when the participants were unaware of physical activity monitoring. A significant phase-group interaction was found in total (MET-min/d: p = 0.0072; min/d: p = 0.0194) and moderate (MET-min/d: p = 0.0015; min/d: p = 0.0020) physical activity as well as energy expenditure (p = 0.0366) assessed by the IPAQ and in the percentage of sedentary behaviour (p = 0.0330) and the average number of steps (p = 0.0342) assessed by ActiGraph. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of physical activity assessment might decrease the ability to subjectively assess physical activity in subjects with MCI.
Assuntos
Conscientização , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Exercício Físico , Autorrelato , Idoso , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Monitores de Aptidão Física , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We assessed the influence of hyperoxemia on erythropoietin secretion in patients with various etiological forms of arterial hypertension (essential, n = 15; renoparenchymal, n = 16; renovascular, n = 15) and in 15 healthy subjects. On the first day of the study, blood was withdrawn at 1-hour intervals for the estimation of erythropoietin during a total of 6 hours and at 2-hour intervals for the assessment of PO2. Three days later the same parameters were assessed again at identical time intervals, but the subjects were breathing pure oxygen during the first 2 hours. Breathing with pure oxygen resulted in a significant increase of blood PO2 (184.85 +/- 4.47 versus 85.92 +/- 2.28 in essential, 185.21 +/- 5.52 versus 84.55 +/- 3.04 in renoparenchymal, and 181.7 +/- 3.14 versus 87.49 +/- 2.25 in renovascular hypertension groups and 189.84 +/- 5.2 versus 85.89 +/- 1.73 mm Hg in healthy subjects; P < .001 in all groups). Baseline plasma erythropoietin was not different among the groups (29.33 +/- 4.14 in essential, 24.56 +/- 3.09 in renoparenchymal, and 27.77 +/- 3.29 in renovascular hypertension groups and 24.23 +/- 2.70 mU/mL in the control group). The pattern of erythropoietin decline was different in the groups of hypertensive patients. In patients with essential hypertension, unlike in healthy subjects and patients with other etiological forms of arterial hypertension, only a very short-term suppression of erythropoietin levels was observed during hyperoxemia. No significant changes in blood pressure during breathing with pure oxygen were found in any of the studied groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Eritropoetina/metabolismo , Hipertensão Renal/metabolismo , Hipertensão Renovascular/metabolismo , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Oxigênio/sangue , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritropoetina/sangue , Feminino , Ferritinas/metabolismo , Hematócrito , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Renal/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Renovascular/fisiopatologia , Ferro/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Oxigênio/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is a glycoprotein that is exclusively produced by the kidney in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAHL). Disturbances of TAHL function are associated with decreased urinary THP excretion. It is well known that renal function declines with advancing age. Moreover, it is suggested that THP may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess urinary excretion of THP (U-THP) in healthy and hypertensive elderly patients. Fifteen young healthy subjects (YHS), 15 young hypertensive patients (YHT), 15 older normotensive (>60 years) subjects (OHS) and 31 older (>60 years) hypertensive patients (OHT) were examined. In all subjects 24-h urinary volume (UV), U-THP and creatinine (U-Cr), specific gravity of urine (U-SG), serum creatinine (S-Cr), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed. THP urinary excretion was significantly decreased in normotensive elderly patients, but not in hypertensive ones. Higher U-THP in the elderly hypertensive as compared with the elderly normotensive patients seems to be more the consequence than the cause of arterial hypertension.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/urina , Mucoproteínas/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Renal , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Gravidade Específica , Urina/química , UromodulinaRESUMO
The role of the carbohydrate moiety of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) was investigated by studying the effect of partial enzymatic desialylation and deglycosylation on its immunoreactivity. In our experiments primarily sialic acid alpha 2,6 linked to a galactose was split off, resulting in a 14% increase of immunoreactivity. It was increased up to 21% by further removal of the sugar residues. We also found that complexes composed of THP and human serum albumin, immunoglobulin G or transferrin reacted with anti-THP antibodies. When these complexes were formed with desialylated or deglycosylated THP an essential increase of this reactivity (about 25%) occurred. Our studies indicate that modifications of the carbohydrate moiety of THP (which might occur in vivo by changes in the glycosylation process e.g. in pathologic conditions) lead to increased exposure of THP to the immune system.
Assuntos
Reações Antígeno-Anticorpo , Carboidratos/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Mucoproteínas/imunologia , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/imunologia , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Configuração de Carboidratos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Epitopos/química , Glicosilação , Cabras/imunologia , Humanos , Mucoproteínas/química , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Coelhos , UromodulinaRESUMO
An analysis of the Johannesburg forensic database over the years 1991-1995 revealed 206 cases in which a traditional remedy was either stated to be the cause of death or was found to be present in a case of poisoning with an unknown substance. The range of toxins detected was wide, with herbal materials being found in 43% of cases, and pharmaceutical or agri-chemicals in 20% and 33% respectively. Since there are as yet no standard methods for the detection of many herbal remedies or their metabolites, careful analysis, using methods such as HPLC/MS, are mandatory for the correct identification of the true cause in cases of poisoning ascribed to traditional remedies.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Medicina Legal , Medicina Tradicional , Plantas Medicinais/intoxicação , Toxinas Biológicas/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , África do SulRESUMO
Recent data indicated the importance of urinary losses of erythropoietin (Epo) in the pathogenesis of anaemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome. In the present study we aimed to investigate plasma and urinary Epo levels and their renal handling in relation to beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), sodium metabolism and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), respectively, in patients with sub-nephrotic range proteinuria (SNP), microalbuminuric diabetics and hypertensives, and in healthy subjects studied on a standardized diet containing 120 mmol sodium and 70 g protein per day. We found that patients with SNP were characterized by lower plasma levels of Epo than healthy subjects but no differences were found in urinary excretion of Epo, endogenous Epo clearance and its fractional excretion (FEEpo). There were no differences between groups in FE beta 2m and FENa and plasma aldosterone levels but plasma renin activity was higher in patients with SNP than in the controls. No relationships were found between Epo levels and activity of the RAAS and sodium metabolism, respectively. Our data suggest that lower levels of plasma Epo in patients with SNP and normal renal excretory function are not due to urinary losses of Epo but rather to the decreased production/degradation ratio.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Eritropoetina/metabolismo , Hipertensão/complicações , Síndrome Nefrótica/complicações , Proteinúria/metabolismo , Adulto , Albuminúria/etiologia , Albuminúria/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/urina , Humanos , Hipertensão/sangue , Hipertensão/urina , Síndrome Nefrótica/sangue , Síndrome Nefrótica/urina , Proteinúria/etiologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Sódio/sangue , Sódio/urina , Microglobulina beta-2/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by compensatory polycythaemia probably induced by increased erythropoietin (EPO) secretion in the kidneys. METHODS AND RESULTS: As the regulatory mechanisms of erythropoietin secretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are scarcely known we studied plasma EPO levels in 14 patients with COPD (pO2 = 61.9 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, Hct = 47.8 +/- 1.1%) under basal conditions, after two hours of isobaric oxygen breathing and two and four hours after discontinued oxygen breathing. The control group consisted of 12 healthy subjects (pO2 = 87.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, Hct = 43.7 +/- 1.6%). Under basal conditions patients with COPD showed significantly higher plasma erythropoietin levels as compared with healthy controls. Oxygen breathing was followed by a significant decline of plasma EPO levels both in patients with COPD as in the control group. This decline was significantly more marked and of longer duration in COPD patients than in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are characterized by significantly higher plasma EPO levels as compared with healthy subjects. 2. The renal oxygen sensor function involved in the regulation of EPO secretion seems to be altered in COPD patients.
Assuntos
Eritropoetina/sangue , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/sangue , Oxigenoterapia , Humanos , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
There was determined excretion albumins, beta 2-microglobulin and Tamma-Horsfall's protein with urine in 50 healthy pregnant women just before delivery and in 15 healthy non pregnant women. There was established uncreased excretion of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin with urine in healthy pregnant women, however decreased excretion Tamma-Horsfall's protein. The results of the examinations suggest the function change particular nephron's section in physiologic pregnancy. The knowledge of this changes have significant meaning for proper results interpretation of index examinations activity particular nephron's section in healthy pregnant women.
Assuntos
Néfrons/fisiologia , Gravidez/fisiologia , Adulto , Albuminúria , Feminino , Humanos , Mucoproteínas/urina , Proteínas da Gravidez/urina , Valores de Referência , Uromodulina , Microglobulina beta-2/urinaRESUMO
There were examined the influence the various types of delivery (spontaneous, oxytocin induced, cesarean section) on the value of albumin's (marker of glomerular activity), beta 2-microglobulin's (beta 2-M) (marker of activity proximal renal tubule) and Tamm-Horsfall's protein (pTH) (as a marker of activity distal's renal tubule) excretion in 50 healthy pregnant women without clinical symptoms of nephropathy. There were also estimated creating concentration in plasma and value of creating excretion in urine before and after delivery in every women. There were stated a little increase of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin but proper excretion (pTH) in urine in every group of pregnant women. There were estimated increase of albumin and pTH excretion in urine after spontaneous delivery, oxytocin inducted or cesarean section, particularly in women after cesarean section. The type of delivery had not an effect on the beta 2-microglobulin's urine excretion. The results of conducted researches suggest occurrence of functional changes in both renal glomeruli and tubules in physiologic pregnancy. The type of delivery reveals differentiated in quantity's respect the influence on albumin's and pTH excretion, but it has not an effect on beta 2-microglobulin's urine excretion.
Assuntos
Parto Obstétrico , Glomérulos Renais/fisiologia , Túbulos Renais/fisiologia , Mucoproteínas/urina , Proteínas da Gravidez/urina , Gravidez/fisiologia , Microglobulina beta-2/urina , Adulto , Albuminúria , Biomarcadores/urina , Cesárea , Creatina/sangue , Creatina/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Valores de Referência , UromodulinaRESUMO
Peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) in 165 COPD patients and 119 asthmatic children was investigated. In-Check set (peak inspiratory flow meter) which can mimic the internal resistance of some dry powder inhalers, e.g. Discus, Aerolizer and Turbuhaler, was used. All children and adults subjects achieved the minimum and optimum PIFR independently to bronchial obstruction when using Discus resistance. Optimum values of PIFR adequate for Turbuhaler resistance attained 57.4% of patients in both groups together. The worst results were observed in regard to Aerolizer resistance when only 21.1% of patients were able to achieve optimum PIFR. Checking actually PIFR may be useful before prescribing dry pressure inhaler for children and elderly COPD patients, especially in cases with bronchial obstruction. Discus can be optimally used by all patients despite of age and lung function.
Assuntos
Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/fisiopatologia , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório , Pós/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Idoso , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/diagnóstico , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/etiologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/prevenção & controle , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós/efeitos adversosRESUMO
One hundred and ten patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, currently symptomatic, were treated with fluticasone proprionate nasal spray (Flixonase) in open, multicentre efficacy and safety study. The drug studied statistically significantly decreased all symptoms of the disease conjunctivitis included, in the first week of treatment in the patient's and doctor's assessment. The full effect of treatment was revealed in the third week. There was significant protective effect observed during two weeks after the cessation of treatment. Adverse events were mild and occurred in fifteen cases, in two cases could be due to the drug (< 2%).
Assuntos
Androstadienos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Rinite Alérgica Perene/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Intranasal , Adulto , Androstadienos/administração & dosagem , Androstadienos/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fluticasona , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Eighty five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, currently symptomatic, were treated with fluticasone proportionate nasal spray (Flixonase) in open, multicentre efficacy and safety study. The drug studied statistically significant decrease all but one (conjunctivitis) symptoms of the disease in the first week of treatment in the patient's and doctor's assessment. The full effect of treatment was revealed in the second week. There was significant protective effect observed during two weeks after the cessation of treatment. Adverse events were mild and occurred in two cases, due to disease itself rather, than the drug tested.
Assuntos
Androstadienos/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Intranasal , Adulto , Feminino , Fluticasona , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
24 h urinary excretion of beta-microglobulin (beta 2M) and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) before and after administration 40 ml of 75% Uropoline were assessed, as a specific markers of proximal and distal tubular dysfunction respectively. 22 patients without renal diseases and hypertension (C), 22 hypertensive patients (HP), 14 patients with renal stone disease (RSD) and 16 patients with pyelonephritis (PN) were examined. Administration of Uropoline did not change beta 2M and THP urinary excretion in C, but increased beta 2M excretion in HP and decreased THP urinary excretion in patients with RSD. It is concluded, that Uropoline shows a noxious effect on the proximal tubule in HP and on the distal tubule in patients with RSD.
Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Diatrizoato de Meglumina/efeitos adversos , Diatrizoato/efeitos adversos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Testes de Função Renal , Adulto , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Túbulos Renais/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Presence of elevated plasma levels of erythropoietin (EPO) has been reported both in polycythaemic and normocythaemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to elucidate in what extent prolonged erythropoietin half-life time (T1/2EPO) is involved in the pathogenesis of elevated plasma EPO levels in patients with COPD. Seven normocythaemic patients (5 men and 2 women) with CODP and 6 healthy controls (4 males and 2 females) were examined. In all examined subjects half-life time of erythropoietin was determined after i.v. administration of EPO in a dose of 50 U/kg b.m. In COPD patients the T1/2EPO value was 5.98 +/- 0.67 hours and did not differ from that found in healthy controls (5.87 +/- 0.35 h). Results obtained in this study suggest participation of factors other than prolonged half-time of erythropoietin in the pathogenesis of polycythaemia in patients with COPD.
Assuntos
Eritropoetina/efeitos adversos , Eritropoetina/sangue , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/terapia , Policitemia/induzido quimicamente , Eritropoetina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
UNLABELLED: In 65 hypertensive patients the influence of 10 day treatment with furosemide (24 subjects), nifedipine (21 subjects) and propranolol (20 subjects) respectively on urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein (U-THP), sodium and potassium excretion, 24 hour urinary volume and blood pressure was determined. In 23 control subjects the above mentioned parameters were assessed only under basal conditions. In hypertensive patients urinary THP excretion was not different from controls. In all examined groups a significant positive correlation was found between urine volume and urinary THP excretion under basal conditions. Such a correlation was absent after nifedipine or propranolol therapy respectively, but still existed after furosemide administration. No correlation was found between urinary THP and Na and K excretion respectively. In contrast to nifedipine and propranolol, a 10 day treatment with furosemide caused a significant increase in U-THP. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary THP excretion in hypertensive patients did not differ from U-THP in healthy subjects. In contrast to propranolol and nifedipine, treatment with furosemide caused an increase in THP urinary excretion.
Assuntos
Furosemida/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Mucoproteínas/urina , Nifedipino/uso terapêutico , Propranolol/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Feminino , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hipertensão/urina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nifedipino/administração & dosagem , Propranolol/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , UromodulinaRESUMO
The present study aimed to assess the relationship between erythropoietin (EPO) secretion and hyperoxemia in uremic patients. In 19 patients with chronic renal failure (10 were hemodialyzed and 9 were not dialyzed) and in 13 healthy subjects plasma erythropoietin levels were assessed during 6 h of air breathing and a second time during 2 h of pure oxygen breathing and during 4 h after discontinued oxygen breathing. Under basal conditions, uremic patients showed higher plasma erythropoietin levels (39.85 +/- 5.86 mU/ml in hemodialyzed and 29.05 +/- 4.94 mU/ml in nondialyzed patients) as compared with healthy controls (21.04 +/- 1.77 mU/ml). Pure oxygen breathing was followed by a significant decline of plasma EPO levels both in patients with chronic renal failure and in the control group. However, this decline was significantly less marked and of longer duration in chronic renal failure patients than in healthy controls.
Assuntos
Eritropoetina/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Oxigênio/farmacologia , Administração por Inalação , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Gasometria , Eritropoetina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Oxigênio/sangue , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Diálise Renal , RespiraçãoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The present study aimed to assess the influence of 12-week treatment with Amlodipine (Am) on plasma renin activity (PRA), baseline and ACTH stimulated secretion of cortisol (C) and aldosterone (A). 21 patients with mild or moderately severe essential hypertension (EH) were examined. PRA was assessed under baseline and stimulatory conditions, C and A were estimated in blood samples withdrawn before (0') and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes after i.v. administration of 0.25 mg of Synacthen. All parameters were performed twice: before and after 12-week treatment with 5-10 mg/d of Am. The control group (not treated with Am) consisted of 15 healthy volunteers. In EH patients PRA was significantly higher after 12 weeks of Am administration. Patients with EH before Am treatment showed a reduced response of C and A secretion to Synacthen as compared with controls, which became normalized after Am treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Patients with EH are characterized by reduced response of C and A secretion to ACTH. 2. 12-week treatment with Am exerts a stimulatory effect on Synacthen induced C and A secretion and PRA in EH patients.