Associations between levels of physical literacy and adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among university students: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Emerging evidence indicates that the composition of movement behaviours within a 24-h period is associated with multiple health benefits across the lifespan. A concept that emphasises an individual's active lifestyle is physical literacy (PL), yet empirical research exploring the potential associations between PL and 24-h movement guidelines remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between levels of PL and adherence to the guidelines among Chinese university students. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Seven hundred and ninety-eight university students (390 male, 19.2 ± 1.2 years) completed all the measurements. Levels of PL and participants' adherence to guidelines including physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep were self-reported through Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was conducted to determine the associations between the number of guidelines met (0, 1, 2, or 3) and levels of PL. Results: The results demonstrate that 36.5% (n = 291) of the participants met all the three guidelines, while 4.1% (n = 33) met none. Further analysis indicated that meeting physical activity or sedentary behaviour guidelines was associated with significantly higher total PL scores, and scores in the sub-domains of Confidence and Physical Competence and Motivation. Conclusions: The findings provide evidence that young adults who obtained higher PL scores may meet more guidelines during a 24-h period. Future studies should incorporate accelerometer-based physical activity measurements and investigate the causal relationship between PL and adherence to the movement guidelines.

[Association of greenness exposure with waist circumference and central obesity in Chinese adults aged 65 years and over].

Objective: To examine the association of greenness exposure with waist circumference (WC) and central obesity in older adults in China. Methods: Based on the cross-sectional data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017-2018, 14 056 participants aged 65 years and over were included. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, WC, and other information were collected through a questionnaire and physical examination. Based on the satellite monitoring data of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) provided by NASA, the annual mean of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within a radius of 1 000 meters was obtained as the measurement value of greenness exposure. Multivariate linear regression model, multivariate logistic regression model, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between greenness exposure and WC and central obesity in older adults in China. Results: A total of 14 056 participants were enrolled with a median age of 84.0 years [IQR: 75.0-94.0 years]. About 45.0% (6 330) of them were male and 48.6% (5 853) were illiterate. There were 10 964 (78.0%) participants from rural. The mean of WC was (84.4±10.8) cm. Central obesity accounted for 60.2% (8 465), and the NDVI range was (-0.06, 0.78). After adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariate linear regression model showed that the change value of WC in the urban group [ß (95%CI):-0.49 (-0.93, -0.06)] was smaller than that in the rural [-0.78 (-0.98, -0.58)] for every 0.1 unit increase in NDVI (Pinteraction=0.022). Compared with the Q1 group in NDVI, WC of Q2 and Q3 groups in rural decreased, and the ß (95%CI) values were-1.74 (-2.5, -0.98) and-2.78 (-3.55, -2.00), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of central obesity decreased for urban and rural older adults with an increase of 0.1 unit in NDVI, and the OR (95%CI) values were 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) and 0.86 (0.82, 0.89), respectively (Pinteraction=0.284). Compared with the Q1 group in NDVI, the risk of central obesity in the Q2 and Q3 groups in rural was lower, and the OR (95%CI) values were 0.68 (0.58, 0.80) and 0.57 (0.49, 0.68), respectively. The results of the multivariate regression model with RCS showed that there was a non-linear association of NDVI with WC (Pnonlinear=0.006) and central obesity (Pnonlinear=0.025). Conclusion: Greenness exposure is negatively associated with WC and central obesity in older adults in China.

[Association of greenness, nitrogen dioxide with the prevalence of hypertension among the elderly over 65 years old in China].

Objective: To investigate the association of mixed exposure to greenness and nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and hypertension among the older adults aged 65 years and over in China. Methods: The study subjects were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2017 to 2018. A total of 15 423 older adults aged 65 years and over meeting the criteria were finally included in the study. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and self-reported prevalence of hypertension. Blood pressure values were obtained through physical examination. The level of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was measured by the Medium-resolution Imaging Spectral Radiator(MODIS) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA). The concentration of NO2 was from China's surface air pollutant data set. Meteorological data was from NASA MERRA-2. The exposure to NDVI and NO2 for each study subject was calculated based on the area within a 1 km radius around their residence. The association between mixed exposure of NDVI and NO2 as well as their interaction and hypertension in older adults was analyzed by using the multivariate logistic regression model. The restrictive cubic spline(RCS) function was used to explore the exposure-response relationship between greenness and NO2 and the risk of hypertension in study subjects. Results: The mean age of 15 423 older adults were (85.6±11.6). Women accounted for 56.3%(8 685/15 423) and 55.6%(8 578/15 423) lived in urban areas. The mean time of residence was (60.9±28.5) years. 59.8% of participants were with hypertension. The mean NDVI level was 0.41±0.13, and the mean NO2 concentration was (32.18±10.36) µg/cm3. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NDVI was inversely and linearly associated with the hypertension in older adults, with the OR(95%CI) value of 0.959(0.928-0.992). Compared with the T1 group of NDVI, the risk of hypertension was lower in the T3 group, with the OR(95%CI) value of 0.852(0.769-0.944), and the trend test was statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the T1 group of NO2, the risk of hypertension was higher in the T2 and T3 groups, with OR(95%CI) values of 1.160(1.055-1.275) and 1.244(1.111-1.393), and the trend test was statistically significant (P<0.05). The result of the RCS showed that NDVI was inversely and linearly associated with hypertension in older adults. NO2 was nonlinearly associated with hypertension in older adults. The interaction analysis showed that NDVI and NO2 had a negative multiplicative interaction on the risk of hypertension, with OR(95%CI) value of 0.995(0.992-0.997). Conclusion: Exposure to greenness and NO2 are associated with hypertension in older adults.

[Analysis of related factors of prognosis after surgical treatment of patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer and construction of a normagram prediction model].

Objective: To investigate the postoperative prognostic factors of non-metastatic colorectal cancer (non-mCRC), and construct a prognostic prediction model. Methods: A total of 846 patients with colorectal cancer who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from July 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were included in the study. There were 314 patients in the metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) group and 532 patients in the non-mCRC group. The data of clinical characteristics, preoperative blood routine and common serum tumor markers for CRC tests were collected retrospectively. The disease-free survival time (DFS) data of patients in non-mCRC group were obtained by follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to clarify the independent risk factors of DFS, and then these factors were included to construct a nomogram prediction model. The concordance index (C index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: Platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) in the mCRC group were higher than those of the non-mCRC group, while the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) was lower than that of the non-mCRC group (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of CEA, CA19-9, CA242, NLR, LMR and PLR for the diagnosis of mCRC were 0.775, 0.716, 0.712, 0.607, 0.591 and 0.556, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that age, perineural invasion, pN stage and preoperative CA242 level were independent risk factors for DFS of non-mCRC patients (P<0.05). Based on this, a nomogram prediction model predicting 3 years of DFS for non-mCRC patients was constructed, its C index and AUC for non-CRC prognostic prediction were 0.710 and 0.733, respectively, higher than 0.696 and 0.701 of AJCC 7th edition TNM staging system. The calibration curve of nomogram showed that the predicted DFS rate was consistent with the actual DFS rate. Conclusions: Age, perineural invasion, pN stage and preoperative CA242 level are independent risk factors for 3-year DFS of non-mCRC patients. The nomogram prediction model constructed based on these four indictors has a good predictive performance and may provide prognosis evaluation reference for the patients with non-mCRC.

[Study on the reliability and validity of the Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people].

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among older adults of Meiyuan Community in Haidian District, Beijing and Nanwangkong Village in Qingzhou City,Shandong Province during July 2021. Using a cluster sampling method, totally 667 elderly people were investigated by face-to-face interview, using the scale which was formulated after two rounds of the Delphi method and pilot study. The overall scale includes physical health, mental health and social health subscales, including 9, 52 and 15 items, respectively. Four weeks after the survey, 56 elderly people were randomly selected and repeated the survey with the same method. The test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated, and the validity was evaluated at the same time, including construct validity and content validity. Results: A total of 710 questionnaires were distributed and 667 valid questionnaires were obtained, with a total effective rate of 93.94%. The score of the overall scale was 79.79±16.22, the scores of the physical health, mental health, social health sub-scores were 41.64±9.76, 26.82±3.92 and 11.34±5.19, respectively. The scale had excellent reliability. In the test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the overall scale and each subscale were 0.766-0.861, and the weighted Kappa values were 0.762-0.817. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of the overall scale and each subscale in the split-half reliability were 0.722-0.855 (all P<0.001). The Cronbach's α coefficients of the overall scale of internal consistency reliability and each subscale were 0.748-0.899, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of each dimension were from 0.709 to 0.963(all P<0.001). At the same time, the scale had good construct validity and content validity. The correlation coefficients between the score of each dimension and its sub-scale were larger, from 0.641 to 0.873 (all P<0.05). The cumulative variance contribution rates of the scale and three subscales were all more than 50% of the approved standard. A total of 11 common factors were extracted, and all the load values of each item on the corresponding factors were ≥0.04. Conclusion: The Chinese Criteria of Health Scale for the elderly people has good validity and excellent reliability. It can be used as a basis for the scientific division of the health status of the elderly, the formulation of relevant policies by the government and the provision of appropriate health services for the elderly.

[Evaluation the application of intra-operative cell salvage in cesarean section based on multicenter data].

Objective: To investigate the safety, efficacy and application indication of intra-operative cell salvage (IOCS) in cesarean section. Methods: A total of 1 265 pregnant women who received IOCS blood transfusion during cesarean section in 11 tertiary A hospitals from August 2016 to January 2019 were collected and divided into <1 500 ml group (796 cases) and ≥1 500 ml group (469 cases) according to the amount of blood loss during cesarean section. The general clinical data, ultrasonic imaging data, perinatal and puerperium indicators were analyzed retrospectively. The risk factors of intraoperative blood loss ≥1 500 mL using IOCS transfusion were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression. Results: (1) A total of 848 001 ml of blood was recovered and a total of 418 649 ml of blood was transfused in 1 265 pregnant women who received IOCS transfusions, which was equivalent to 23 258 U red blood cell suspension, greatly saving medical resources. The intraoperative blood loss in <1 500 ml group and ≥1 500 ml group was 800 ml (300-1 453 ml) and 2 335 ml (1 500-20 000 ml), respectively. No amniotic fluid embolism, severe adverse reactions, shock and death occurred in the two groups. (3) Multivariate regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years (OR=1.5, 95%CI: 1.1-1.9), prenatal hemoglobin level <110 g/L (OR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.3-2.2), history of uterine surgery (OR=1.8, 95%CI: 1.3-2.6), placenta previa (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.1-3.1), placenta accreta (OR=2.6, 95%CI: 1.8-3.9), blood pool in the placenta (OR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.3), abnormal posterior placenta muscle wall (OR=1.8, 95%CI: 1.2-2.6), placenta projecting to the anterior uterine wall (OR=3.0, 95%CI: 1.3-7.0) were risk factors for blood loss ≥1 500 ml in obstetric transfusion using IOCS technique, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Conclusion: IOCS is safe and effective in cesarean section, which could save the medical resources and reduces medical expenses, however, it is necessary to strictly master the application indication.

[The association between myopic refraction and near work among children and adolescents based on genetic risk score].

Objective: To explore the relationship between myopic refraction and near work in children and adolescents with different genetic risks. Methods: From September to December 2016, Nankai District and Hongqiao District of Tianjin were taken as the study sites. Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, 533 children and adolescents aged 6-14 years from one primary school and one junior middle school in each of the two districts were included as the study subjects. Refraction measurements by an auto-kerato-refractor and questionnaire survey about near work were conducted. 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the selected myopia susceptibility genes were detected, and the genetic risk of each individual was scored. After grouping by genetic risk score, the relationship between myopia and near work was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression, and the relationship between near work and refraction was analyzed by the multivariate linear regression. Results: The age of 553 subjects was (9.8±2.5) years, including 295 boys (53.3%). The overall detection rate of myopia was 62.0%. The spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was (-1.30±1.85) D. The results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that in the low risk group of GRS, compared with those with continuous near work time less than half an hour, those with continuous near work time no less than half an hour had a higher risk of myopia [OR (95%CI) = 2.64 (1.07, 6.52)]. In the moderate risk group of GRS, the risk of myopia increased with the increase of daily computer use [OR (95%CI) = 2.14 (1.03, 4.77)]. In the high risk group of GRS, the risk of myopia increased with the increase of the total daily reading and writing time [OR (95%CI) = 1.27 (1.01, 1.59)]. The results of the multivariate linear regression showed that in the low risk group of GRS, with increase of 1 hour in the total daily reading and writing time and mobile phone time, the SER decreased by 0.18 D (95%CI:-0.30, -0.07) and 0.95 D (95%CI:-1.51, -0.39), respectively. In the moderate risk group of GRS, with increase of 1 hour in the total daily reading and writing time and computer use time, the SER decreased by 0.25 D (95%CI:-0.31, -0.18) and 0.57 D (95%CI:-0.97, -0.18), respectively. In the high risk group of GRS, with increase of 1 hour in the daily total reading and writing time, the SER decreased by 0.33 D (95%CI:-0.43, -0.22). Conclusion: Continuous near work time no less than half an hour, daily computer use time, the total daily reading and writing time, and daily mobile phone use time were associated with myopic refraction in children and adolescents.

[Related environmental factors of refractive parameters in children and adolescents aged 6-14].

Objective: To explore the relationship between environmental factors and refractive parameters of children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years old. Methods: A total of 566 students aged 6 to 14 years old were selected by using random cluster sampling method in Nankai District and Hongqiao District of Tianjin from September to December 2016. Questionnaires were conducted and refractive parameters were measured including axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT). Vitreous chamber depth (VCD), corneal radius (CR), the ratio of axial length to corneal radius (AL/CR) and equivalent spherical diopter (SER) were calculated. Multivariate generalized linear model was used to analyze the related factors of refractive parameters. Results: The average age of the subjects was (9.8±2.5) years old, including 302 male students (53.4%). The overall SER, AL, CCT, ACD, LT, VCD, CR and AL/CR ratios were (-1.31±1.85) D, (23.67±1.16) mm, (23.67±1.16) mm, (546.60±31.98) µm, (3.06±0.27) mm, (3.48±0.21) mm, (17.12±1.13) mm, (7.78±0.25) mm and 3.04±0.14, respectively. Multivariate generalized linear model analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, height, weight, education level of parents, occupation of parents and family income, compared with those whose daily reading and writing time>6 hours, the AL and VCD of students with daily reading and writing time ≤ 2 hours, 3-4 hours or 5-6 hours were smaller, and the AL/CR ratio of students with daily reading and writing time ≤ 2 hours or 3-4 hours were also smaller (all P<0.05). Compared with those having daily sleep time>9 hours, the students with daily sleep time of 8 hours or 9 hours had higher AL, while the students with daily sleep time of 8 hours had higher CCT, and the students with daily sleep time ≤ 7 hours had higher CR (all P<0.05). Compared with those whose daily electronic screen usage time>1.5 hours, the AL, VCD and CR of students who used electronic screen ≤1.5 hours per day were lower (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Daily reading and writing time, daily electronic screen use time and daily sleep time are the main environmental factors related to eye refractive parameters.

[The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis based on outpatients in Baotou area].

Objective: To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic conjunctivitis in Baotou area at different times. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2021, 111 patients with allergic conjunctivitis who were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology in 2020 were selected as the research subjects. The basic information, allergic conditions, living habits and other information of the patients were obtained by self-made questionnaire. The pollen concentration and allergy related indicators(allergic duration and frequency, eye itching score, eye burn score, eye foreign body sensation score, tears score and the total scores) of 2019 and 2020 were analyzed by paired sample t-test. The pollen concentration of 2019 and 2020 were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The allergy related indicators of different genders were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The allergy related indicators of different ages were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The relationship between the length of wearing masks and the allergy related indicators were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: Among the 111 patients with allergic conjunctivitis, 54 were males and 57 were females, ranging in age from 8 to 69 years old, with a median age of 35 years old and an average age of (36.77±13.18) years old. The average pollen concentration in Baotou in 2019 was (125.35±222.64) grains/1 000 square millimeter, and the average pollen concentration in Baotou in 2020 was (107.38±137.29) grains/1 000 square millimeter. There was no significant difference in pollen concentration between the two years(Z=-0.178, P=0.859). The severity of allergic indicators in all patients in 2020 is significantly lower than in 2019(t values were 4.701,3.587,2.582,3.661,4.444,2.784,2.555,3.886,respectively, with P<0.05). The severity of allergic indicators in male patients is lower than that of female patients (t values were -1.558, -1.257, -3.41, -3.085, -2.335, -2.897, -2.652, -4.124, respectively). The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis dose not vary significant with age (P values were 0.504, 0.095, 0.499, 0.265, 0.284, 0.655, 0.421, 0.976, respectively). In 2020, the average time that patients wear masks is (6.55±3.28) h/d, and there is a correlation with the difference in allergy duration (r=0.191, P=0.045). Conclusion: The severity of allergic conjunctivitis in Baotou in 2020 was significantly improved compared with that in 2019, which may be related to masks wearing.

Characterizing diversity in the tumor-immune microenvironment of distinct subclasses of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEAs) are heterogeneous cancers where immune checkpoint inhibitors have robust efficacy in heavily inflamed microsatellite instability (MSI) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibitor responses are markedly lower in diffuse/genome stable (GS) and chromosomal instable (CIN) GEAs. In contrast to EBV and MSI subtypes, the tumor microenvironment of CIN and GS GEAs have not been fully characterized to date, which limits our ability to improve immunotherapeutic strategies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Here we aimed to identify tumor-immune cell association across GEA subclasses using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (N = 453 GEAs) and archival GEA resection specimen (N = 71). The Cancer Genome Atlas RNAseq data were used for computational inferences of immune cell subsets, which were correlated to tumor characteristics within and between subtypes. Archival tissues were used for more spatial immune characterization spanning immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analyses. RESULTS: Our results confirmed substantial heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment between distinct subtypes. While MSI-high and EBV+ GEAs harbored most intense T cell infiltrates, the GS group showed enrichment of CD4+ T cells, macrophages and B cells and, in ∼50% of cases, evidence for tertiary lymphoid structures. In contrast, CIN cancers possessed CD8+ T cells predominantly at the invasive margin while tumor-associated macrophages showed tumor infiltrating capacity. Relatively T cell-rich 'hot' CIN GEAs were often from Western patients, while immunological 'cold' CIN GEAs showed enrichment of MYC and cell cycle pathways, including amplification of CCNE1. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal the diversity of immune phenotypes of GEA. Half of GS gastric cancers have tertiary lymphoid structures and are therefore promising candidates for immunotherapy. The majority of CIN GEAs, however, exhibit T cell exclusion and infiltrating macrophages. Associations of immune-poor CIN GEAs with MYC activity and CCNE1 amplification may enable new studies to determine precise mechanisms of immune evasion, ultimately inspiring new therapeutic modalities.

Role of nasal saline irrigation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children and adults: A systematic analysis.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aims to access the efficacy of nasal saline irrigation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) in adults and children. METHODS: Two authors independently searched databases up to December 2018. Differences in efficacy between saline irrigation and other treatments were compared. Subgroup analyses of discrepancy in effects between children and adults were performed. RESULTS: (1) Saline irrigation vs. no irrigation, in both children and adults groups, saline irrigation showed significant efficacy. (2) Saline+medication vs. medication, in children group, there was no statistical difference of efficacy between saline+medication and medication; in adults group, efficacy of saline+medicine was superior to that of medication. (3) Saline irrigation vs. medication, in children group, there was no statistical difference between efficacy of saline irrigation and medication; in adults group, efficacy of medication was superior to that of saline irrigation. (4) Hypertonic saline vs. isotonic saline, for children, efficacy of hypertonic saline was superior to that of isotonic saline. Additionally, no adults reported adverse events in all trials. Adverse effects were reported during the first nasal irrigation in 20 children, and one child withdrew due to adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Saline irrigation can significantly improve symptoms of AR in children and adults. Saline irrigation can serve as a safe adjunctive treatment to medication of AR in adults. Saline irrigation can be an alternative therapy for children and pregnant women with AR. Efficacy of hypertonic saline may be better than that of isotonic saline in treating AR of children.

[The proatherogenic effect of high salt diet combined with focal hypoperfusion on spontaneous hypertension rat].

Objective: To explore the histopathology, monocytes phenotypes and brain mRNA transcription of angiogenic and atherogenic factors preliminarily in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) fed with high salt diet and subjected to chronic focal hypoperfusion. Methods: A total of 21 SHRs were randomly assigned into SHR with normal diet (SHR-ND group, n=7), SHR fed with high salt (8%) chows (SHR-HSD group, n=14) groups. After induction of high salt diet for 20 weeks, unilateral carotid artery occlusion was applied to one half of SHR-HSD (SHR-HSD-UCAO, n=7) group for 10 weeks to mimic chronic focal cerebral hypoperfusion. The neuropathology, monocytes phenotypes and brain transcription of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-b), platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), angiogenin (ANG), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) among three groups were compared. Results: The systolic blood pressure ((246±12) mmHg vs (220±16) mmHg, P=0.0291, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure ((189±15) mmHg vs (164±12) mmHg, P=0.0143) of SHR-HSD group were elevated significantly compared with those of SHR-ND group. Compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), SHR-ND, SHR-HSD and SHR-HSD-UCAO groups demonstrated lipohyalinosis, vessel wall thickening, lumen narrowing and multiple enlarged perivascular space and diffuse disarrangement of nerve fiber and myelin vacuolation in corpus callosum pathologically. The ratio of CD11b(+) CD68(+) monocytes in peripheral blood of SHR-HSD group was higher compared with both SHR-ND and SHR-HSD-UCAO groups (P=0.000 8). The mean inflorescence index (MFI) of CD86 and CD206 showd considerable decline in SHR-HSD-UCAO group compared with those of SHR-HSD group (P=0.018 7 and 0.016 8, respectively). The CD86 MFI of CD11b+CD68+ monocytes in SHR-HSD-UCAO group was remarkably higher than that of SHR-ND and SHR-HSD groups (P=0.000 5). Compared with SHR-ND and SHR-HSD groups, the brain mRNA transcription of angiogenic factors including PD-ECGF and ANG were down-regulated (P=0.004 6 and 0.000 2, respectively), while the atherogenic factors including TGF-ß and VEGF-A were up-regulated in SHR-HSD-UCAO group (P<0.000 1 and P=0.045, respectively). Conclusion: SHR-HSD-UCAO group shares the pathophysiological characteristics with advanced stage arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD), including neuropathology, imbalanced circulating monocytes phenotypes and down-regulated angiogenic factors.

[Analysis of imaging features of age-related cerebral small vessel disease with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus].

Objective: To explore the imaging features in age-related cerebral small vessel disease (ArCSVD) with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). Methods: Ten cases of age-related cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 2015 to March 2020 were retrospective analyzed, all patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and completed the head Magnetic resonance angiography plain scan, T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging sequence. Deep marrow venous signs (DMVs), INPH severity (DESH score), cortical/subcortical and deep microhemorrhages (CMBs) statistics, paraventricular and deep white matter damage (WMH) severity and CSVD imaging burden score were acquired, and correlations of DMVs and DESH scores with CMBs, WMH and Burden scores were evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: DMVs and DESH scores were significantly and positively correlated (r=0.965 9, P<0.000 1). DMVs and DESH scores were not significantly correlated with cortical/subcortical CMBs and deep CMBs. Likewise, DMVs and DESH scores were not significantly correlated with deep WMH. The WMH score of paraventricular of the 10 cases was 3 points, and the Burden score was 4 points. Conclusion: DMVs may be an indicator of the severity of ArCSVD with INPH, due to the small sample size of the current study, more cases are needed for further verification.

[Effect of non-breathing-related sleep fragmentation on cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease].

Objective: To investigate the effect of non-breathing-related sleep fragmentation on cognitive function in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD). Methods: Seventy-two patients with arteriosclerotic CSVD in the Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this study from August 2017 to July 2018. The patients undertook MRA(Magnetic Resonance Angiography)+SWI(Susceptibility weighted imaging), polysomnography, Montreal Cognitive Inventory (MoCA) and Concise Mental State Examination (MMSE). The patients were divided into study group (≥19) and control group (<19) according to the median number of arousal events (median=19) at night. Results: The sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ratio and non-rapid eye movement-3 (NREM-3) sleep ratio of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the total MoCA score (18.2±4.3) , visual space score(1.9±1.4) and delayed recall score(1.4±0.9) of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (22.7±3.5, 2.9±1.2, 2.9±1.1, P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of non-breathing-related sleep fragmentation is high in CSVD patients and this kind of fragmentation is associated with cognitive impairment.

Evaluation of radiation loading on finite cylindrical shells using the fast Fourier transform: A comparison with direct numerical integration.

The radiation loading on a vibratory finite cylindrical shell is conventionally evaluated through the direct numerical integration (DNI) method. An alternative strategy via the fast Fourier transform algorithm is put forward in this work based on the general expression of radiation impedance. To check the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method, a comparison with DNI is presented through numerical cases. The results obtained using the present method agree well with those calculated by DNI. More importantly, the proposed calculating strategy can significantly save the time cost compared with the conventional approach of straightforward numerical integration.

[Clinical features of community-acquired bloodstream infection due to Gram-negative bacilli in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Objective: o investigate the features of pathogenic bacteria for community-acquired bloodstream infection due to Gram-negative bacilli in patients with liver cirrhosis and optimal therapeutic strategy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to 302 Hospital of PLA due to community-acquired bloodstream infection from January 2010 to December 2015, and a statistical analysis was performed for their clinical features, pathogenic bacteria, and results of drug sensitivity test. The Pearson chi-square test was used for comparison of rates, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of ranked data. Results: A total of 240 patients (including 178 male patients) with liver cirrhosis caused by various reasons were enrolled, with a mean age of 51.7 ± 11.1 years, an overall clinical remission rate of 80.42%, and an ineffective/mortality rate of 19.58%. The patients who used sensitive antibiotics within 12 hours after the onset of community-acquired bloodstream infection achieved a significantly higher improvement rate than those who used such drugs at more than 12 hours after onset (88.2% vs 58.1%, P < 0.001). The improvement rate achieved by the application of sensitive antibiotics at more than 12 hours after onset decreased with the increase in the Child-Pugh grade (P < 0.05). A total of 245 strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated, among which the six most common ones were 135 strains of Escherichia coli (55.1%), 62 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.3%), 16 strains of Aeromonas (6.5%), 4 strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella (1.6%), 3 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (1.2%), and 2 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (0.8%). These Gram-negative bacilli had the highest sensitivity to meropenem (98.5%), followed by imipenem (97.9%), amikacin (97.5%), piperacillin/tazobactam (94.7%), cefmetazole (93.7%), and cefoperazone/sulbactam (93%). Different bacteria had different sensitivities to antibiotics. Conclusion: Once community-acquired bloodstream infection occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis, highly sensitive antibiotics should be used as early as possible. Cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem can be used as first-line empirical antibiotics, and drug combination should be considered when necessary.

Stimuli-responsive NLO properties of tetrathiafulvalene-fused donor-acceptor chromophores.

The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-fused electron donor-acceptor dyads have been determined using the Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) technique and theoretically rationalized. Dyads TTF-dppz (1) and TTF-BTD (2) were obtained by direct fusion of a TTF electron donor unit either with a dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) or a benzothiadiazole (BTD) electron acceptor moiety. Dyad 1 acts as a reversible acido-triggered NLO switch by protonation/deprotonation at two nitrogen atoms of the dppz acceptor moiety induced by sequential exposure to HCl and ammonia vapors. Dyad 2, on the other hand, displays redox-tunable NLO properties upon two consecutive oxidations to its radical cation 2+˙ and dication 22+ species. The resulting final dication 22+ exhibits an inversion of the sign of ß0, due to a completely inverted distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals with respect to those of its neutral species, leading to a scarcely polar species in the excited state, as indicated by the theoretical calculations.

[Effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on the cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity of patients with stable coronary artery disease].

Objective: To observe the effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on the cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) . Methods: From June 2014 to December 2015, 73 patients with stable CAD in our department were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: the control group (n=38) and the exercise group (n=35) . Patients in both groups received conventional medical treatment for CAD and related cardiac health education. While for patients in exercise group, a twelve-week aerobic exercise combined with resistance training program were applied on top of conventional treatment and health education. Cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity were evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results: (1) The exercise capacity was significantly increased in the exercise group after 12 weeks training as compared to baseline level: peak oxygen uptake per kilogram ( (26.25±5.14) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs. (20.88±4.59) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) , anaerobic threshold ( (15.24±2.75) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs. (13.52±2.92) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)], peak oxygen pulse ( (11.91±2.89) ml/beat vs. (9.77±2.49) ml/beat) , peak Watts ( (113.2±34.0) W vs. (103.7±27.9) W) , peak metabolic equivalent ( (7.57±1.46) METs vs. (6.00±1.32) METs) (all P<0.05 vs. baseline) . (2) The degree of improvement of peak oxygen uptake per kilogram ( (26.25±5.14) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs. (22.32±4.00) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) , anaerobic threshold ( (15.24±2.75) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs. (13.76±2.51) ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) , peak oxygen pulse ( (11.91±2.89) ml/beat vs. (9.99±2.15) ml/beat) and peak metabolic equivalent ( (7.57±1.46) METs vs. (6.47±1.17) METs) were significantly higher in exercise group than in control group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion: Aerobic training at an aerobic threshold level combined with Thera-band resistance training is safe for patients with stable coronary artery disease. This combined exercise program can significantly improve the cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise capacity of patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Five in one therapy for graded treatment of haemophilic arthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilic arthritis is the most universal clinical appearance of haemophilia. Treatment of this disease has become an important and difficult issue worldwide until recently. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of five in one therapy for graded treatment of haemophilic arthritis. METHODS: Haemophilic arthritis was classified into grades I-IV according to severity and the standards of De Palma and Cotler. Under no application of FVIII/FIX replacement therapy state, the effect of five in one therapy (intra-articular cavity drug injection, oral drug preparation, physiotherapy, and prevention of haemorrhage and infection evoked by puncture) was observed in 1527 affected joints of 750 cases of haemophilic arthritis. RESULTS: After 20 days treatment, all grade I and II, 94.98% of grade III and 56.16% of grade IV affected joints were completely relieved; 5.02% of grade III and 41.47% of grade IV affected joints were basically relieved; and 2.38% of grade IV were partially relieved. This resulted in short-term complete and basic relief of 98.56% (1505/1527) of all affected joints. After follow-up of 1-6 years, 86.97% of the affected joints were completely relieved, without any adverse reaction or complication. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that five in one therapy is safe and effective for treatment of haemophilic arthritis, and provides a convenient, cost-effective way of preventing and treating deformity caused by haemophilic arthritis.