RESUMO
A large-scale outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Shanghai, China, in early December 2022. To study the incidence and characteristics of otitis media with effusion (OME) complicating SARS-CoV-2, we collected 267 middle ear effusion (MEE) samples and 172 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected by RT-PCR targeting. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in human samples was examined via immunofluorescence. During the COVID-19 epidemic in 2022, the incidence of OME (3%) significantly increased compared to the same period from 2020 to 2022. Ear symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 complicated by OME generally appeared late, even after a negative NP swab, an average of 9.33 ± 6.272 days after COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected in MEE, which had a higher viral load than NP swabs. The insertion rate of tympanostomy tubes was not significantly higher than in OME patients in 2019-2022. Virus migration led to high viral loads in MEE despite negative NP swabs, indicating that OME lagged behind respiratory infections but had a favorable prognosis. Furthermore, middle ear tissue from adult humans coexpressed the ACE2 receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the TMPRSS2 cofactors required for virus entry.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Otite Média com Derrame , Adulto , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/complicações , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
With the advancement of bioinformatics, the integration of genome mining with efficient separation technology enables the discovery of a greater number of novel bioactive compounds. The deletion of the key gene responsible for triterpene cyclase biosynthesis in the polar strain Eutypella sp. D-1 instigated metabolic shunting, resulting in the activation of dormant genes and the subsequent production of detectable, new compounds. Fifteen sesquiterpenes were isolated from the mutant strain, with eight being new compounds. The structural elucidation of these compounds was obtained through a combination of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy, and ECD calculations, revealing six distinct skeleton types. Compound 7 possessed a unique skeleton of 5/10 macrocyclic ether structure. Based on the gene functions and newly acquired secondary metabolites, the metabolic shunting pathway in the mutant strain was inferred. Compounds 6, 8, 11, 14, and 15 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects without cytotoxicity through the release of nitric oxide from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Notably, acorane-type sesquiterpene 8 inhibited nitric oxide production and modulated the MAPK and NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathways. Compound 8 also alleviated the CuSO4-induced systemic neurological inflammation symptoms in a transgenic fluorescent zebrafish model.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Sesquiterpenos , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/química , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The adenoids act as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens and immune molecules, and they are significantly involved in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). As an essential carrier of intercellular substance transfer and signal transduction, exosomes with different biological functions can be secreted by various types of cells. There remains significant uncertainty regarding the clinical relevance of exosomes to OME, especially in its pathophysiologic development. In this study, we will seek to determine the biological functions of exosomes in children with adenoid hypertrophy accompanied by OME (AHOME). METHODS: The diagnostic criteria for OME in children aged 4-10 years include a disease duration of at least 3 months, type B or C acoustic immittance, and varying degrees of conductive hearing loss. Adenoidal hypertrophy is diagnosed when nasal endoscopy shows at least 60% adenoidal occlusion in the nostrils or when nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray shows A/N > 0.6. Children who meet the indications for adenoidectomy surgery undergo adenoidectomy. Peripheral blood, nasopharyngeal swab, and adenoid tissue will be collected from patients, and the exosomes will be isolated from the samples. Following the initial collection, patients will undergo adenoidectomy and peripheral blood and nasopharyngeal swabs will be collected again after 3 months. EXPECTED RESULTS: This study aims to identify differences in exosomes from preoperative adenoid tissue and peripheral blood samples between children with AHOME and those with adenoid hypertrophy alone. Additionally, it seeks to determine changes in microbial diversity in adenoid tissue between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are expected to provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of OME, to identify novel biomarkers, and to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of OME, potentially leading to the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Assuntos
Adenoidectomia , Tonsila Faríngea , Exossomos , Hipertrofia , Otite Média com Derrame , Humanos , Tonsila Faríngea/patologia , Otite Média com Derrame/etiologia , Otite Média com Derrame/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
Maternal endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure, the common environmental pollutants, was capable of involving in adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the evidence of their connection is not consistent. Our goal was to comprehensively explore the risk of EDCs related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. One hundred and one studies were included from two databases before 2023 to explore the association between EDCs and adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB). We found that maternal PFASs exposure was positively correlated with PTB (OR:1.13, 95% CI:1.04-1.23), SGA (OR:1.10, 95% CI:1.04-1.16) and miscarriage (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.00-1.19). The pooled estimates also showed maternal PAEs exposure was linked with PTB (OR:1.16, 95% CI:1.11-1.21), SGA (OR:1.20, 95% CI:1.07-1.35) and miscarriage (OR:1.55, 95% CI:1.33-1.81). In addition, maternal exposure to some specific class of EDCs including PFOS, MBP, MEHP, DEHP, and BPA was associated with PTB. Maternal exposure to PFOS, PFOA, PFHpA was associated with SGA. Maternal exposure to BPA was associated with LBW. Maternal exposure to MMP, MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, BPA was associated with miscarriage. Maternal PFASs, PAEs and BPA exposure may increase adverse pregnancy outcomes risk according to our study. However, the limited number of studies on dose-response hampered further explanation for causal association.
Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo , Dietilexilftalato/análogos & derivados , Disruptores Endócrinos , Fluorocarbonos , Nascimento Prematuro , Gravidez , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Nascimento Prematuro/induzido quimicamente , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/induzido quimicamente , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Retardo do Crescimento FetalRESUMO
PURPOSE: The narrow supralabyrinthine space affects surgical procedures. To study the effect of temporary transposition of geniculate ganglion of facial nerve versus nontransposition on lesion recurrence and facial nerve function in patients with petrous bone cholesteatoma. METHODS: A total of 18 patients with petrous bone cholesteatoma involving the facial nerve were treated in our hospital from November 2016 to March 2023. The main surgical method is the extended supralabyrinthine approach assisted by a microscope and an endoscope. We collected and retrospectively analyzed their medical records. RESULTS: Temporary facial nerve transposition was performed in five patients, and nontransposition was performed in 13 patients. Cholesteatoma recurred in three patients with facial nerve nontransposition, whereas none in patients with facial nerve transposition. In this study, except for one case with a second operation, postoperative facial paralysis in other cases was improved to varying degrees, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Temporary transposition of geniculate ganglion of facial nerve will not affect the postoperative nerve function of patients and can reduce the possibility of cholesteatoma recurrence of the petrous bone.
Assuntos
Colesteatoma , Endoscopia , Nervo Facial , Osso Petroso , Humanos , Osso Petroso/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Endoscopia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colesteatoma/cirurgia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Idoso , Gânglio Geniculado/cirurgia , Paralisia Facial/cirurgia , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Adulto Jovem , Recidiva , Adolescente , Resultado do Tratamento , Microcirurgia/métodosRESUMO
Two uncommon epoxyquinols, pyrrolocytosporin A (1) and cytosporin E2 (2), along with the known cytosporin Y1 (3), were isolated from the solid defined medium of the Arctic-derived fungus Eutypella sp. D-1. Their structures were established through comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic and electronic circular dichroism data. Structurally, compound 1 represented the first nitrogen-containing epoxyquinol characterized by a pyrrole fused cytosporin framework, while compound 2 contained an uncommon cyclic carbonate functionality. The antibacterial, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of all compounds were evaluated. Among the three metabolites, only compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide with an IC50 value of 6.55â µM. Additionally, only compound 2 displayed inhibitory activity against ConA-induced T-cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 9.85â µM.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Lipopolissacarídeos , Óxido Nítrico , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Camundongos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Pirróis/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura Molecular , Conformação Molecular , Células RAW 264.7 , Relação Dose-Resposta a DrogaRESUMO
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) are widely used in life-threatening infections, but they accumulate in cochlear hair cells (HCs) and result in hearing loss. Increases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and P2X7 receptor expression were observed after neomycin treatment. Here, we demonstrated that P2X7 receptor, which is a non-selective cation channel that is activated by high ATP concentrations, may participate in the process through which AGAs enter hair cells. Using transgenic knockout mice, we found that P2X7 receptor deficiency protects HCs against neomycin-induced injury in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, we used fluorescent gentamicin-Fluor 594 to study the uptake of AGAs and found fluorescence labeling in wild-type mice but not in P2rx7-/- mice in vitro. In addition, knocking-out P2rx7 did not significantly alter the HC count and auditory signal transduction, but it did inhibit mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cochlea after neomycin exposure. We thus conclude that the P2X7 receptor may be linked to the entry of AGAs into HCs and is likely to be a therapeutic target for auditory HC protection.
Assuntos
Aminoglicosídeos , Ototoxicidade , Animais , Camundongos , Aminoglicosídeos/toxicidade , Aminoglicosídeos/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo , Ototoxicidade/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Neomicina/toxicidade , Neomicina/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/metabolismo , Cóclea , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismoRESUMO
The Arctic-derived fungus Eutypella sp. D-1 can produce numerous secondary metabolites, and some compounds exhibit excellent biological activity. Seven pimarane-type diterpenes, including three new compounds eutypellenone F (1), libertellenone Y (2), and libertellenone Z (3), and four known compounds (4-7), were isolated from fermentation broth of Eutypella sp. D-1 by the OSMAC strategy of adding ethanol as a promoter in the culture medium. Compound 2 has a rare tetrahydrofuran-fused pimarane diterpene skeleton. The anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds was evaluated. Compounds 3-6 showed a significant inhibitory effect on cell NO release at 10 µmol/L by in vitro experiments, of which 3-5 had inhibitory rates over 60% on nitric oxide (NO) release. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of 3-5 was evaluated based on a zebrafish model, and the results showed that 3 had a significant inhibitory effect on inflammatory cells migration at 40 µmol/L, while 4 and 5 had a significant inhibitory effect at 20 µmol/L. Moreover, compounds 3-5 have the same conjugated double bond structure, which may be an important group for these compounds to exert anti-inflammatory activity.
Assuntos
Diterpenos , Xylariales , Animais , Abietanos/química , Peixe-Zebra , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Xylariales/química , Diterpenos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
A chemical investigation of the Arctic-derived fungus Eutypella sp. D-1 based on the OSMAC (one strain many compounds) approach resulted in the isolation of five cytosporin polyketides (compounds 1-3 and 11-12) from rice medium and eight cytosporins (compounds 2 and 4-11) from solid defined medium. The structures of the seven new compounds, eutypelleudesmane A (1), cytosporin Y (2), cytosporin Z (3), cytosporin Y1 (4), cytosporin Y2 (5), cytosporin Y3 (6), and cytosporin E1 (7), were elucidated by analyzing their detailed spectroscopic data. Structurally, cytosporin Y1 (4) may be a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of the isolated cytosporins, rather than an end product. Compound 1 contained a unique skeleton formed by the ester linkage of two moieties, cytosporin F (12) and the eudesmane-type sesquiterpene dihydroalanto glycol. Additionally, the occurrence of cyclic carbonate moieties in compounds 6 and 7 was found to be rare in nature. The antibacterial, immunosuppressive, and cytotoxic activities of all compounds derived from Eutypella sp. D-1 were evaluated. Unfortunately, only compounds 3, 6, 8, and 10-11 displayed immunosuppressive activity, with inhibitory rates of 62.9%, 59.5%, 67.8%, 55.8%, and 68.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 µg/mL.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Sesquiterpenos , Xylariales , Estrutura Molecular , Xylariales/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that oral microbiota alteration in patients with OSAHS, particularly in the genera Aggregatibacter and Porphyromonas, may influence the development of hypertension. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the main therapy for OSAHS and OSAHS-associated hypertension. However, the role of oral microbiota post CPAP treatment remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted 16S rDNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analyses to compare the bacterial composition of oral specimens from patients with OSAHS before and after overnight CPAP treatment. RESULTS: This approach enabled a relatively comprehensive description of oral microbiota, with decreases in Gemella and increases in Staphylococcus, f_Lachnospiraceae, Parabacteroides, and f_Ruminococcaceae after CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Alteration of oral microbiota may shed new insight on the underlying pathogenesis of OSAHS-associated hypertension.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Microbiota , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Humanos , Hipertensão/terapia , Projetos Piloto , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , SíndromeRESUMO
The in-depth study of fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) over the past few years has led to the discovery of a vast number of novel fungal SMs, some of which possess good biological activity. However, because of the limitations of the traditional natural product mining methods, the discovery of new SMs has become increasingly difficult. In recent years, with the rapid development of gene sequencing technology and bioinformatics, new breakthroughs have been made in the study of fungal SMs, and more fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of SMs have been discovered, which shows that the fungi still have a considerable potential to produce SMs. How to study these gene clusters to obtain a large number of unknown SMs has been a research hotspot. With the continuous breakthrough of molecular biology technology, gene manipulation has reached a mature stage. Methods such as gene knockout and heterologous expression techniques have been widely used in the study of fungal SM biosynthesis and have achieved good effects. In this review, the representative studies on the biosynthesis of fungal SMs by gene knockout and heterologous expression under the fungal genome mining in the last three years were summarized. The techniques and methods used in these studies were also briefly discussed. In addition, the prospect of synthetic biology in the future under this research background was proposed.
Assuntos
Vias Biossintéticas , Genoma Fúngico , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Metabolismo Secundário/genética , Família Multigênica/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LLY-283, a selective inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), on a noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) mouse model and to identify a potential target for a therapeutic intervention against NIHL. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used. The auditory brainstem response was measured 2 days after noise exposure. The apoptosis of hair cells (HCs) was detected by caspase-3/7 staining, whereas the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by 4-HNE staining. We demonstrated that the death of HCs and loss of cochlear synaptic ribbons induced by noise exposure could be significantly reduced by the presence of LLY-283. LLY-283 pretreatment before noise exposure notably decreased 4-HNE and caspase-3/7 levels in the cochlear HCs. We also noticed that the number of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) was notably increased after LLY-283 pretreatment. Furthermore, we showed that LLY-283 could increase the expression level of p-AKT in the SGNs. The underlying mechanism involves alleviation of ROS accumulation and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating that LLY-283 might be a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention against NIHL.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído , Animais , Caspase 3 , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/tratamento farmacológico , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/metabolismo , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Espécies Reativas de OxigênioRESUMO
Two new polyketides, palitantins B and C (1 and 2), along with one known related compound (+)-palitantin (3) were obtained from the culture of the Antarctic fungus Geomyces sp. 3-1. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, CD, and ECD data. Compound 3 showed potent PTP1B inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 7.9 µM (ursolic acid as positive control, IC50 = 8.3 µM).
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Policetídeos , Cicloexanóis , Cicloexanonas , Estrutura Molecular , Policetídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The present study is to explore the anticancer effect of loonamycin (LM) in vitro and in vivo, and investigate the underlying mechanism with combined multi-omics. LM exhibited anticancer activity in human triple negative breast cancer cells by promoting cell apoptosis. LM administration inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-468 tumors in a murine xenograft model of breast cancer. Mechanistic studies suggested that LM could inhibit the topoisomerase I in a dose-dependent manner in vitro experiments. Combined with the transcriptomics and proteomic analysis, LM has a significant effect on O-glycan, p53-related signal pathway and EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway in enrichment of the KEGG pathway. The GSEA data also suggests that the TNBC cells treated with LM may be regulated by p53, O-glycan and EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings predicted that LM may target p53 and EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting topoisomerase to exhibit its anticancer effect.
Assuntos
Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Proteômica , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Apoptose , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Proliferação de CélulasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cytokine-induced killer cells induced with tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DC-CIK) immunotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, itsefficacy isrestricted by the immunosuppression, which is mediated by the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) pathway. In order to overcome the negative co-stimulation from these T cells,we screened a nanobody targeted for CTLA-4 (Nb36) and blocked the CTLA-4 signaling with Nb36. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthy donors to beused to induce CIK cells in vitro, after which they were co-cultured with DC cells that had received tumor antigens. In addition, wetested whether blocking CTLA-4 signaling with Nb36 could promote in vitro DC-CIK cells proliferation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity,or not. For the in vivo experiments, we constructed a subcutaneously transplanted tumor model and placed it in NOD/SCID mice to verify the anti-tumor effect of this therapy. RESULTS: After stimulation with Nb36, the DC-CIK cells presented enhanced proliferation and production of IFN-γ in vitro, which strengthened the killing effect on the tumor cells. For the in vivo experiments, it was found that Nb36-treated DC-CIK cells significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted livercancer tumors, as well as reduced the tumor weight and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS: Ourfindings demonstrated that in response to CTLA-4 specific nanobody stimulation, DC-CIK cells exhibited a better anti-tumor effect. In fact, this Nb-based CTLA-4 blocking strategy achieved an anti-tumor efficacy close to that of monoclonal antibodies. Our findings suggest that DC-CIK cells + Nb36 have the potential totreatmalignant tumors through in vivo adoptive therapy.
Assuntos
Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Células Matadoras Induzidas por Citocinas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/farmacologia , Animais , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Proliferação de Células , Técnicas de Cocultura , Células Matadoras Induzidas por Citocinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Células Hep G2 , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Transplante de Neoplasias , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up 15 % to 20 % of all breast cancer (BC) cases, and represents one of the most challenging malignancies to treat. For many years, chemotherapy has been the main treatment option for TNBC. Natural products isolated from marine organisms and terrestrial organisms with great structural diversity and high biochemical specificity form a compound library for the assessment and discovery of new drugs. In this review, we mainly focused on natural compounds and extracts (from marine and terrestrial environments) with strong anti-TNBC activities (IC50 <100â µM) and their possible mechanisms reported in the past six years (2015-2021).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Conformação Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
Proximal sensing offers a novel means for determination of the heavy metal concentration in soil, facilitating low cost and rapid analysis over large areas. In this respect, spectral data and model variables play an important role. Thus far, no attempts have been made to estimate soil heavy metal content using continuum-removal (CR), different preprocessing and statistical methods, and different modeling variables. Considering the adsorption and retention of heavy metals in spectrally active constituents in soil, this study proposes a method for determining low heavy metal concentrations in soil using spectral bands associated with soil organic matter (SOM) and visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR). To rapidly determine the concentration of heavy metals using hyperspectral data, partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and support vector machine regression (SVMR) statistical methods and 16 preprocessing combinations were developed and explored to determine an optimal combination. The results showed that the multiplicative scatter correction and standard normal variate preprocessing methods evaluated with the second derivative spectral transformation method could accurately determine soil Cr and Ni concentrations. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of Vis-NIR model combinations with PLSR, PCR, and SVMR were 0.34, 3.42, and 2.15 for Cr, and 0.07, 1.78, and 1.14 for Ni, respectively. Soil Cr and Ni showed strong spectral responses to the Vis-NIR spectral band. The R2 value of the Vis-NIR-based PLSR model was higher than 0.99, and the RMSE value was 0.07-0.34, suggesting higher stability and accuracy. The results were more accurate for Ni than Cr, and PLSR showed the best performance, followed by SVMR and PCR. This perspective has critical implications for guiding quantitative biogeochemical analysis using proximal sensing data.
RESUMO
Libertellenone H (LH), a marine-derived pimarane diterpenoid isolated from arctic fungus Eutypella sp. D-1, has shown effective cytotoxicity on a range of cancer cells. The present study is to explore the anticancer effect of LH on human pancreatic cancer cells and to investigate the intracellular molecular target and underlying mechanism. As shown, LH exhibited anticancer activity in human pancreatic cancer cells by promoting cell apoptosis. Mechanistic studies suggested that LH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was responsible for apoptosis as antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) antagonized the inhibitory effect of LH. Zymologic testing demonstrated that LH inhibited Trx system but had little effect on the glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that the mechanism of action was based on the direct conjugation of LH to the Cys32/Cys35 residue of Trx1 and Sec498 of TrxR, leading to a decrease in the cellular level of glutathione (GSH) and activation of downstream ASK1/JNK signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings revealed LH was a marine derived inhibitor of Trx system and an anticancer candidate.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiorredoxinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Ascomicetos/química , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Tiorredoxinas/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of non-apoptotic cell death caused by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, which plays important roles in a wide spectrum of pathological conditions. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of ferroptosis on cisplatin-induced sensory hair cell damage. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactase dehydrogenase assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated by 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and MitoSox-Red staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining. Lipid peroxidation, intracellular and mitochondrial iron were detected by Liperfluo, C11-BODIPY581/591 , FerroOrange and Mito-FerroGreen, respectively. We found that cisplatin treatment not only markedly augmented ROS accumulation, decreased the MMP, but increased lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells. Of note, treatment with the specific ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 could effectively abrogate the cisplatin-induced toxicity and subsequent cell death. Specifically, the improvement of mitochondrial functions is important mechanisms for protective action of ferroptosis inhibitor against cisplatin-induced damages in HEI-OC1 cells. Moreover, inhibition of ferroptosis significantly protected murine cochlear hair cells against cisplatin damage. In addition, treatment murine cochlear hair cells with ferroptosis inducer, RSL3, significantly exacerbated cisplatin-induced damage, which could be alleviated by ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Collectively, our study indicated that ferroptosis inhibition could alleviate the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via inactivation of lipid peroxide radical and improvement of mitochondrial function in hair cells.
Assuntos
Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Citoproteção , Ferroptose , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/patologia , Ototoxicidade/patologia , Aldeídos/metabolismo , Animais , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicloexilaminas/farmacologia , Citoproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ferro/metabolismo , Sobrecarga de Ferro/patologia , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fenilenodiaminas/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
The utricle is one of the five sensory organs in the mammalian vestibular system, and while the utricle has a limited ability to repair itself, this is not sufficient for the recovery of vestibular function after hair cell (HC) loss induced by ototoxic drugs. In order to further explore the possible self-recovery mechanism of the adult mouse vestibular system, we established a reliable utricle epithelium injury model for studying the regeneration of HCs and examined the toxic effects of 3,3'-iminodiproprionitrile (IDPN) on the utricle in vivo in C57BL/6J mice, which is one of the most commonly used strains in inner ear research. This work focused on the epithelial cell loss, vestibular dysfunction, and spontaneous cell regeneration after IDPN administration. HC loss and supporting cell (SC) loss after IDPN treatment was dose-dependent and resulted in dysfunction of the vestibular system, as indicated by the swim test and the rotating vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) test. EdU-positive SCs were observed only in severely injured utricles wherein above 47% SCs were dead. No EdU-positive HCs were observed in either control or injured utricles. RT-qPCR showed transient upregulation of Hes5 and Hey1 and fluctuating upregulation of Axin2 and ß-catenin after IDPN administration. We conclude that a single intraperitoneal injection of IDPN is a practical way to establish an injured utricle model in adult C57BL/6J mice in vivo. We observed activation of Notch and Wnt signaling during the limited spontaneous HC regeneration after vestibular sensory epithelium damage, and such signaling might act as the promoting factors for tissue self-repair in the inner ear.