RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Median age at diagnosis of lung cancer is 70 years. Its presentation in patients 40 or younger is uncommon and it has been proposed that maybe it is a different disease due to its clinical characteristics and genetic makeup. There are a limited number of studies in this population and they report different clinic-pathological characteristics in comparison with older patients. METHODS: We described the incidence of lung cancer patients diagnosed at age 40 or younger at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), Lima-Peru; from 2009 to 2017 and evaluated the characteristic of NSCLC. Epidemiologic and clinic-pathological data was collected from clinical files. Analysis was carried out using SPSSvs19 software. RESULTS: We identified 3823 patients with lung cancer seen at INEN during the study period. Among these, 166 (4.3%) patients were 40 years or younger, and 137/166 (82.5%) were NSCLC. Median age at diagnosis was 36 years (range 14-40 years) and 59.1% of patients were female. A smoking history was present in 14.4% of patients. Frequent symptoms at diagnosis were cough (62.0%), chest pain (51.8%) and dyspnea (40.9%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type (63.3%). Most patients had advanced disease at diagnosis (84.7%). The median overall survival was 8.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of young patients with lung cancer in our population is higher than that reported in the most recent literature. Lung cancer in the young is mostly sporadic, more frequent in women, usually adenocarcinoma type and it presents with advanced disease, resulting in a very poor survival.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Carcinoma/epidemiologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/patologia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/fisiopatologia , Dor no Peito/fisiopatologia , Tosse/fisiopatologia , Dispneia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/epidemiologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/fisiopatologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether extended time intervals (8-12, 13-20 and >20 weeks) between the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery affect overall survival, disease-free survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study in 120 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma without evidence of metastasis (T1-4/N0-2/M0) at the time of diagnosis that underwent surgery with curative intent after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and obtained R0 or R1 resection between January 2010 to December 2014 at the National Cancer Institute of Peru. Dates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method, log- rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients, 70 were women (58%). The median age was 63(26-85) years. All received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. No significant difference was found between the association of the median radial (0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 cm; p=0.826) and distal edge (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 cm; p=0.606) with time interval groups and similarly the mean resected (18.8, 19.1 and 16.0; p=0.239) and infiltrated nodules (1.05, 1.29 and 0.41); p=0.585). The median follow-up time of overall survival and desease free survival was 40 and 37 months, respectively. No significant differences were observed in overall survival (79.0%, 74.6% and 71.1%; p=0.66) and disease-free survival (73.7%, 68.1% and 73.6%; p=0.922) according to the three groups studied at the 3-year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We found that widening the time intervals between the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery at 24 weeks does not affect the overall survival, disease-free survival and pathological outcomes. It allows to extend the intervals of time for future studies that finally will define the best time interval for the surgery.
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Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Capecitabina/administração & dosagem , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Reto/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Capecitabina/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Retais/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The study objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy D2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 498 medical records of patients with gastric cancer who were attended at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) between 2008 and 2011and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were distributed into 4 groups according to their LNR, LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0.13, LNR2: 0.14-0.4 and LNR3: = 0.4. RESULTS: The median of resected lymph nodes was 42 [range; 8.153] and 494 (99.2%) patients had more than 15 lymph nodes retrieved. 340 (68.5%) patients had lymph node involvement and 175 (35.1%) cases (35.1%) were classified as pN3, 94 (18.5%) pN2 and 72 (14.5%) were pN1. 285 (57.2%) patients had stage III disease. There was a significant difference between groups of LNR in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves (p <0.05). According to the LNR groups there was significant differences according to age, lesion size, lymph node involvement (pN), Lauren classification, vascular invasion and lymphatic invasion (p <0.05). LNR is an important prognostic factor to explain the time of death (LNR3: HR: 6.77, 95% CI: 3.346-13.706, p <0.05) and recurrence time (LNR3: 95% CI: 2.104-13.439, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: LNR remains as an important independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Gastrectomia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Gastrectomia/métodos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinicopathological features and prognostic factors among young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in a Peruvian Cancer Institute. METHODS: Data of patients 40 years or younger, admitted between January 2005 and December 2010, were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 196 young patients with CRC were admitted. The tumor was located in the rectum, left colon and right colon in 45.9%, 28.6% and 25.5% of cases. Family history of CRC was found in 13.2% and an autosomal pattern of inheritance, in 8.6% of the cases. The most common symptoms were pain (67.9%) and bleeding (67.3%). The majority (63.1%) of colon cancer cases and more than a third (34.4%) of rectal cancer cases were diagnosed in stage III or IV. The histologic type was tubular, mucinous and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma in 73.5%, 14.8% and 8.6%, respectively. The depth of invasion was T3 in 21.4% and T4 in 53%. Nodal involvement was detected in 44.5%. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 44.3%. In the multivariate analysis, only the stage resulted an independent prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: CRC in Peruvian young patients is mostly sporadic. It presents more often in the distal colon or rectum and at advanced stages of the disease. Mucinous and signet ring cell carcinoma were requent histological types. Five-year OS stage by stage is similar to that reported in the literature for older patients. Stage was the only independent prognostic factor for survival.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Peru , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant chemo radiotherapy is the standard treatment in Western countries in gastric cancer patients submitted to curative resection. INT0116 pivotal trial established adjuvant chemo radiation as the standard care for resected high risk adenocarcinoma of the stomach in US however was hampered by suboptimal surgery. There is controversial data about efficacy of this adjuvant therapy in patients who have undergone D2 lymphadenectomy predominantly. In our hospital D2 lymphadenectomy is standard surgery for gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: To prove that chemo and radio therapy post gastrectomy and D2 linphadenectomy in patients' with gastric cancer is effective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study with gastric adenocarcinoma patients stage II to IV M0 who underwent curative resection at INEN (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas) Lima-Peru between 2001 and 2006. Standard treatment at institution is D2 lymphadenectomy. Chemo radiotherapy according to INT0116 was given like adjuvant therapy. Survivalcurves were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log-rank test. RESULTS: 84 patients were included 60.7% male and 39.3% female. Mean age was 49.5 years old. The pathologic stages were T1-T2 (15.5%), T3- T4 (84.5%), N0-N1 (10.7%), N2-N3 (89.3%). D2 lymphadenectomy was performed in all patients. The 3-year DFS was 17% and 3-year overall survival was 23.9%. However when we analyzed by subgroups the overall survival, was in group N1 (66.7%) and in group N2 (58.9%) and N3 (18.3%) and 3 years DFS by subgroups were N1 (100%), N2 (51.9%) and N3 (16.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemo radiotherapy decreased risk of death and relapse to three years mainly in patients with node positive N1-N2, who underwent curative resection with D2 lymphadenectomy, but recurrence was most frequent in N3 node positive, maybe is necessary improve the chemotherapy in this group of patients for decrease the rate of relapse.
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Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante , Excisão de Linfonodo , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Institutos de Câncer , Feminino , Gastrectomia , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy decreases the recurrence risk and improves survival rates; however, it is unclear whether a delayed initiation is associated with adverse outcomes, especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we evaluated the influence of the time to start adjuvant chemotherapy (TTC) in the outcomes of TNBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 15 years of data from patients with TNBC who received adjuvant chemotherapy at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (Lima, Peru). TTC was categorized into 4 groups: ≤ 30, 31 to 60, 61 to 90, and ≥ 91 days. We evaluated overall survival (OS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: In total, 687 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 49.1 years (SD, 11.8 years), and most (62.6%) patients had pathologic stage T2. The median TTC was 48.1 days (SD, 27.4 days); 189 (27.5%) received chemotherapy ≤ 30 days; 329 (47.9%), between 31 and 60 days; 115 (16.7%), between 61 and 90 days; and 54 (7.9%) in ≥ 90 days. In the multivariate analysis, a TTC between 31 and 60 days (hazard ratio [HR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-2.72), 61 and 90 days (HR, 2.38; 95%CI, 1.43-3.97), and ≥ 91 days (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.32-4.55) was associated with an increased mortality in contrast with a TTC < 30 days. Although a TTC between 31 and 60 days, 61 and 90 days, and ≥ 91 days was associated with an increased risk of DRFS (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.24-2.79; HR, 2.34, 95% CI, 1.42-3.867; and HR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.78-5.61, respectively). CONCLUSION: A delaying in TTC ≥ 30 days was associated with poorer outcomes. Our data suggest that several efforts should be conducted to avoid a delayed TTC in patients with TNBC.
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Quimioterapia Adjuvante/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Soft tissue sarcomas (SFT) are a group of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms (representing less than 1% of cancer in adults and 15% in pediatric patients), for which there is no updated records in the Latin American population. This study aims to describe the current situation of patients treated at a cancer institute in Latin America. METHODS: We obtained records from 250 patients with a diagnosis of SFT, treated at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases of Peru (INEN) during the period 2009-2013, with a mean follow-up of 62 months. The following data were recorded: epidemiological, clinical, treatment and follow-up. The analysis of global survival was done with the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: SFT showed a greater frequency in males (60.8%), with a peak incidence after 50 years of age (69.6%). Tumor location was predominantly in the lower extremities (64.4%), and the most frequent histologic subtypes were: undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (34%) and liposarcomas (25.6%); clinical stage iii was the most frequent (30.8%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 63.9%, while the statistical analysis found a significant association between global survival and the variables: age (>50 years), tumor size (>5cm), depth (subfascial), histologic grade (G3), local and distant recurrence, showing shorter survival times in these groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study has clarified the epidemiology, treatment and prognosis, as well as the variables that have an impact on the survival of the Latin American patients with SFT studied.
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Sarcoma/epidemiologia , Sarcoma/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Lipossarcoma/patologia , Extremidade Inferior/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/patologia , Sarcoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate of optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with dose-dense carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of a series of cases of Peruvian women treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin (6 AUC mg/mL/min) and paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 weekly) followed by IDS, at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases during the 2010-2014 period. RESULTS: The 41 patients who made it to the interval surgery had a median age of 59 years (range: 47-73 years). In 37 (90.2%) patients, high-grade serous adenocarcinoma histology was reported. Thirty-four (82.9%) achieved optimal cytoreduction and five (14.7%), a complete pathological response. Progression-free survival at one year and two years was 74.7% and 51.8%, respectively. Overall survival at one year and two years was 85.2% and 71.4%, respectively. The risk of progression and death was greater in patients without optimal cytoreduction and in patients with postsurgery levels of carcinoembryonic antigen 125 > 30 U/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant therapy with dose-dense carboplatin and paclitaxel achieved an elevated frequency of optimal cytoreduction. The post-surgery levels of carcinoembryonic antigen 125 and optimal cytoreduction were independent factors of progression-free survival and overall survival.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar la tasa de citorreducción óptima en pacientes con cáncer de ovario avanzado que recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante con carboplatino y paclitaxel dosis densa seguido de cirugía de citorreducción de intervalo (CCI). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de una serie de casos retrospectiva de mujeres peruanas tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante con carboplatino (AUC 6 mg/ml/min) y paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 semanal) seguido de CCI, en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas durante el período 2010-2014. RESULTADOS: Los 41 pacientes que alcanzaron cirugía de intervalo, tuvieron una mediana de edad de 59 años (rango: 47-73 años). En 37 (90,2%) pacientes se reportó histología de adenocarcinoma seroso de alto grado. Treinta y cuatro (82,9%) lograron citorreducción óptima y cinco (14,7%) respuesta patológica completa. La sobrevida libre de progresión al año y 2 años fueron 74,7% y 51,8%, respectivamente. La sobrevida global al año y 2 años fue 85,2% y 71,4%, respectivamente. El riesgo de progresión y muerte fue mayor en pacientes sin citorreducción óptima y pacientes con niveles de dosaje del antígeno carcinoembrionario 125 postoperatorio > 30 U/ml. CONCLUSIONES: La neoadyuvancia con carboplatino y paclitaxel dosis densa logró una frecuencia elevada de citorreducción óptima. Los niveles de antígeno carcinoembrionario 125 postoperatorios y citorreducción óptima resultaron factores independientes de sobrevida libre de progresión y sobrevida global.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Institutos de Câncer , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Peru , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE.: To determine the frequency and prognostic value of anemia in cancer patients receiving care at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas - INEN) between January and April of 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Anemia was considered for men with hemoglobin levels at <13 g/dL; and for women, at <12 g/dL. Associations between qualitative features were assessed with a Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier estimator was used for the analysis of the survival curves, and differences between the curves were performed with the log-rank test. RESULTS.: 772 patients were included; 584 (75.7%) had solid tumors and 188 (24.3%) had hematologic malignancies. Anemia was diagnosed in 359 patients (46.5%); hematologic malignancies in 127 patients (67.6%); and solid neoplasms in 235 (40.2%). Hematologic malignancies with the highest frequency of anemia were chronic myeloid leukemia, acute leukemias, and multiple myeloma (100%, 92.5% and 60%, respectively); and were cancer of gastrointestinal, gynecological, and urological origin were in the group of solid neoplasms (62%, 52.1% and 45%, respectively). Two hundred and four (204) patients (26.4%) were transfused. In 762 patients, a significant difference in overall survival was found between groups with and without anemia, estimated at 5 years in 62% and 47% respectively (p <0.001). In the solid tumor subgroup (p = 0.002), and the hematological malignancies subgroup (p = 0.007), such association was also found. CONCLUSIONS.: Anemia is common in cancer patients, and its presence determines an independent prognostic factor in overall survival.
OBJETIVOS.: Determinar la frecuencia y el valor pronóstico de la anemia en pacientes con cáncer atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) entre enero y abril del 2010. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se consideró anemia en varones cuando la hemoglobina fue <13 g/dL, y en mujeres cuando fue <12 g/dL. Para determinar asociaciones se usó la prueba Chi-cuadrado. Para el análisis de las curvas de sobrevida se usó el estimador de Kaplan-Meier y log rank test. RESULTADOS.: 772 pacientes fueron incluidos; 584 (75,7%) tuvieron tumores sólidos y 188 (24,3%) neoplasias hematológicas. Se diagnóstico anemia en 359 (46,5%) pacientes, en 124 (66,0%) neoplasias hematológicas, y en 235 (40,2%) neoplasias sólidas. Las neoplasias hematológicas con mayor frecuencia de anemia fueron la leucemia mieloide crónica, las leucemias agudas, y el mieloma múltiple (100%, 92,5% y 60%; respectivamente) y en el grupo de neoplasias sólidas fueron los cánceres de origen: gastrointestinal, ginecológico, y urológico (62%, 52,1% y 45%; respectivamente). Recibieron transfusiones 204 pacientes (26,4%). En 762 pacientes se encontró una diferencia en la sobrevida global entre los grupos sin y con presencia de anemia, estimándose a los cinco años en 62% y 47% respectivamente (p<0,001), además se encontraron diferencias en la sobrevida global para el subgrupo de tumores sólidos (p=0,002) y neoplasias hematológicas (p=0,007). CONCLUSIONES.: La anemia es frecuente en pacientes con cáncer y su presencia determina un factor pronóstico independiente en la sobrevida global.
Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , Anemia/etiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer (OPS) has been a surgical trend for the past 25 years. In 2012, OPS has been introduced as the standard treatment for a selected group of patients at the National Cancer Institute of Peru (INEN). The aim of this study is to describe our findings. METHODS: This is a retrospective and descriptive study that identified demographics, tumour-pathologic features and includes patients solely treated since diagnosis until late follow-up at INEN. These OPS patients were identified from the conservative treatment patients group by review of medical charts and creation of a database for periods December 2005 through December 2015. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were ruled in by the inclusion criteria. All patients were Peruvian females, 56.2% being 51 or older. 93.8% had core biopsy diagnosis of breast cancer and 52.1% located at the upper outer quadrant. 79.5% patients had upfront OPS and the round block (43.2%) and reduction/mastopexy (23.3%) were the most used techniques. pT2 was the most frequent size (54.7%). We achieved negative margins in 134 patients (93.2%) in a single procedure. Of 29 patients, who had neoadjuvant treatment, 11 achieved pCR. Only 5.5% had pN2 or higher. 95.2% received complimentary external beam radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: OPS has proven to be a reliable surgical option, both for aesthetic and oncologic outcomes. Important points for achieving these results are breast surgeons having properly trained under the OPS philosophy and knowing the patients' characteristics for correct technique selection.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas constitute a heterogeneous and rare group of diseases with regional particularities in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathological features, relative frequency and survival among patients from a Peruvian institution. METHODS: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas were defined based on the absence of extracutaneous disease at diagnosis. Classification was performed following the 2008 World Health Organization Classification of Neoplasms of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid tissues. Risk groups were established according to the 2005 World Health Organization-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Data of patients admitted between January 2008 and December 2012 were analyzed. RESULTS: 74 patients were included. Mean age was 49.5 years. In order of frequency, diagnoses were: mycosis fungoides (40.5%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (22.95%), adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (18.9%), CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (6.8%), hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma (5.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (4.1%) and Sézary syndrome (1.4%). Predominant clinical patterns were observed across different entities. Mycosis fungoides appeared mainly as plaques (93%). Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified and adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia presentation was polymorphic. All patients with hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma presented with facial edema. All cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma appeared as ulcerated nodules/tumors. Disseminated cutaneous involvement was found in 71.6% cases. Forty-six percent of patients were alive at 5 years. Five-year overall survival was 76.4% and 19.2%, for indolent and high-risk lymphomas, respectively (p<0.05). High risk group (HR: 4.6 [2.08-10.18]) and increased DHL level (HR: 3.2 [1.57-6.46]) emerged as prognostic factors for survival. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Small series. CONCLUSION: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides or CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders are aggressive entities with a poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/diagnóstico , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and histological characteristics and prognostic factors of cervical cancer (CC) in young Peruvian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients younger than 35 years old diagnosed with CC between 2008 and 2012 in the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. RESULTS: 449 patients had epithelial neoplasms. The main histological types were: squamous cell carcinoma (84.9%), adenocarcinoma (11.0%) and adenosquamous carcinoma (2.4%). The average tumor size was 4.98 cm. Anemia (55.7%), elevated creatinine (21.2%) and hydronephrosis (13.8%) were also identified. 82.3% of the patients presented locally advanced disease. Stages IIB (47.4%) and IIIB (25.8%) were the most common. Overall 5-year survival was 59.5% (I, 90.9%; II, 57.5%; III, 42.7% and IV, 13.3%). Elevated creatinine, anemia, tumor size, parametrial involvement and hydronephrosis were factors that affected survival. No significant relation was found between histological type and survival. The presence of anemia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%]: 1.6-4.0) and hydronephrosis (aHR: 1.6; CI 95%: 1.0-4.0) were independently associated with survival; likewise, the parametrial commitment with (aHR: 3.3; CI 95%: 1.5-7.2) or without (aRH: 2.6; CI 95%: 1.3-5.3) extension to the pelvic bone. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer in young Peruvians is diagnosed in advanced stages. Overall survival in each stage is similar to the reported in older patients. The importance of conventional prognosis- related factors was confirmed. Anemia was an important independent prognostic factor requiring further investigations.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar las características clínicas, histológicas y los factores pronósticos del cáncer cervical (CC) en pacientes jóvenes peruanas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de 35 años de edad o menos diagnosticadas con CC entre el 2008 y el 2012 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. RESULTADOS: 449 pacientes tenían neoplasias epiteliales. Los tipos histológicos principales fueron: carcinoma de células escamosas (84,9%), adenocarcinoma (11,0%) y carcinoma adenoescamoso (2,4%). El tamaño tumoral promedio fue 4,98 cm. También se identificó anemia (55,7%), creatinina elevada (21,2%) e hidronefrosis (13,8%). El 82,3% de los pacientes presentaron enfermedad localmente avanzada. Los estadios IIB (47,4%) y IIIB (25,8%) fueron los más comunes. La supervivencia global a 5 años fue de 59,5% (I, 90,9%; II, 57,5%; III, 42,7% y IV, 13,3%). La creatinina elevada, la anemia, el tamaño tumoral, el compromiso parametrial y la hidronefrosis fueron factores que afectaron la supervivencia. No se encontró relación significativa entre el tipo histológico y la supervivencia. La presencia de anemia (Hazard Ratio ajustado [HRa]: 2,5; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: 1,6-4,0) y la hidronefrosis (HRa: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,0-4,0) estuvieron independientemente asociados con la supervivencia; asimismo, el compromiso parametrial con (HRa: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,5-7,2) o sin (HRa: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,3-5,3) extensión al hueso pélvico. CONCLUSIONES: El cáncer cervical en jóvenes peruanas es diagnosticado en estadios avanzados. La supervivencia global en cada estadio es similar a la reportada en pacientes mayores. Se confirmó la importancia de los factores convencionales relacionados con el pronóstico. La anemia fue un factor de pronóstico independiente importante que requiere mayores investigaciones.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency and factors associated with parametrial involvement (PI) in patients with cervical cancer IB1 who underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 214 patients with cervical cancer IB1 undergoing RH with pelvic lymphadenectomy between 2007 and 2012. The population was compared with and without clinicopathological variables associated with PI such as age, tumor size, depth of infi histological grade and pelvic lymph node involvement. RESULTS: Ten patients (4.6%) had PI. Multivariate analysis showed that the depth of invasion (OR 8.37, 95% CI 1.24- 56.41, p=0.029) and pelvic node involvement (OR 18.03; 95% CI 3.30-98.44, p=0.001) were all independent predictors of PI. The presence of tumor size = 2 cm, invasion = 10 mm, absence of lymphovascular permeation and absence of nodal involvement identifi 97 patients at low risk of PI, none of whom had PI pathology. CONCLUSIONS: We confi the low frequency of PI in the cervical cancer IB1 subgroup and its association with the depth of invasion and lymph node involvement suggested in previous studies. This information will allow the identifi of a subgroup of patients at low risk of PI for less radical surgery in our institution.
Assuntos
Histerectomia , Neoplasias Musculares/patologia , Diafragma da Pelve , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Peru , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In order to describe the clinical-pathological characteristics of the cases of Eccrine Porocarcinoma (EP) found in the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), a cross-sectional study was carried out, including all EP cases recorded between 1998 and 2009. A revision of the clinical-pathological records indentified and a new reading of the pathology slides of the cases found were performed. 19 EP cases were found, the median age of which was 64 years (range: 37-98). EP was primarily found on male patients (57.9%) and was most commonly located on the foot (21.1%), followed by the head, thorax and thigh (15.8%, respectively). In one case, EP was located on the gluteal region, and showed an unusually invasive behavior and rectal involvement. We conclude that EP is a rather uncommon entity in Peru. Its most common location is on the foot and it affects mostly male patients for the most part.
Assuntos
Porocarcinoma Écrino/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/patologia , Academias e Institutos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PeruRESUMO
Objective: To assess whether extended time intervals (8-12, 13-20 and >20 weeks) between the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery affect overall survival, disease-free survival. Materials and methods: Retrospective study in 120 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma without evidence of metastasis (T1-4/N0-2/M0) at the time of diagnosis that underwent surgery with curative intent after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and obtained R0 or R1 resection between January 2010 to December 2014 at the National Cancer Institute of Peru. Dates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method, log- rank test and Cox regression analysis. Results: Of the 120 patients, 70 were women (58%). The median age was 63(26-85) years. All received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. No significant difference was found between the association of the median radial (0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 cm; p=0.826) and distal edge (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 cm; p=0.606) with time interval groups and similarly the mean resected (18.8, 19.1 and 16.0; p=0.239) and infiltrated nodules (1.05, 1.29 and 0.41); p=0.585). The median follow-up time of overall survival and desease free survival was 40 and 37 months, respectively. No significant differences were observed in overall survival (79.0%, 74.6% and 71.1%; p=0.66) and disease-free survival (73.7%, 68.1% and 73.6%; p=0.922) according to the three groups studied at the 3-year of follow-up. Conclusions: We found that widening the time intervals between the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery at 24 weeks does not affect the overall survival, disease-free survival and pathological outcomes. It allows to extend the intervals of time for future studies that finally will define the best time interval for the surgery
Objetivo: Evaluar si los intervalos de tiempo extendidos (8-12, 13-20 y >20 semanas) entre el fin de la quimioradioterapia neoadyuvante y la cirugía afectan la sobrevida global, y la sobrevida libre de enfermedad. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 120 pacientes con adenocarcinoma rectal sin evidencia de metástasis (T1-4/N0-2/M0) al momento del diagnóstico que se sometieron a cirugía con intención curativa luego de quimioradioterapia neoadyuvante con capecitabina y tuvieron resección R0 o R1 entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2014 en el Instituto Nacioanal de Enfermedades Neoplásicas de Perú. El análisis se hizo con el método de Kaplan-Meier, la prueba log-rank y la regresión de Cox. Resultados: De 120 pacientes, 70 fueron mujeres (58%). La mediana de la edad fue 63 años (26-85 años). Todos recibieron quimioradioterapia neoadyuvante. No hubo diferencia significativa entre la asociación de las medianas de los bordes radial (0,6, 0.7 y 0,8 cm; p=0,826) y distal (3,0, 3,5 y 4,0 cm; p=0,606) con los intervalos de tiempo de los grupos y similarmente con la media de los ganglios resecados (18,8, 19,1 y 16,0; p=0,239) e infiltrados (1,05, 1,29 y 0,41; p=0,585). No se observaron diferencias significativas en sobrevida global (79,0%, 74,6% y 71,1%; p=0,66) y sobrevida libre de enfermedad (73,7%, 68,1% y 73,6%; p=0,922), en los tres grupos estudiados a 3 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Encontramos que aumentar los intervalos de tiempo entre el fin de la quimioradioterapia neoadyuvante y la cirugía hasta 24 semanas no afecta la sobrevida global, sobrevida libre de enfermedad ni los desenlaces patológicos. Esto permitiría extender los intervalos de tiempo en estudios futuros para definir el mejor intervalo de tiempo para la cirugía
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Reto/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Capecitabina/administração & dosagem , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Retais/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Esquema de Medicação , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Capecitabina/uso terapêutico , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la tasa de citorreducción óptima en pacientes con cáncer de ovario avanzado que recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante con carboplatino y paclitaxel dosis densa seguido de cirugía de citorreducción de intervalo (CCI). Materiales y métodos. Estudio de una serie de casos retrospectiva de mujeres peruanas tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante con carboplatino (AUC 6 mg/ml/min) y paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 semanal) seguido de CCI, en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas durante el período 2010-2014. Resultados . Los 41 pacientes que alcanzaron cirugía de intervalo, tuvieron una mediana de edad de 59 años (rango: 47-73 años). En 37 (90,2%) pacientes se reportó histología de adenocarcinoma seroso de alto grado. Treinta y cuatro (82,9%) lograron citorreducción óptima y cinco (14,7%) respuesta patológica completa. La sobrevida libre de progresión al año y 2 años fueron 74,7% y 51,8%, respectivamente. La sobrevida global al año y 2 años fue 85,2% y 71,4%, respectivamente. El riesgo de progresión y muerte fue mayor en pacientes sin citorreducción óptima y pacientes con niveles de dosaje del antígeno carcinoembrionario 125 postoperatorio > 30 U/ml. Conclusiones . La neoadyuvancia con carboplatino y paclitaxel dosis densa logró una frecuencia elevada de citorreducción óptima. Los niveles de antígeno carcinoembrionario 125 postoperatorios y citorreducción óptima resultaron factores independientes de sobrevida libre de progresión y sobrevida global.
ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the rate of optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with dose-dense carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS). Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of a series of cases of Peruvian women treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin (6 AUC mg/mL/min) and paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 weekly) followed by IDS, at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases during the 2010-2014 period. Results. The 41 patients who made it to the interval surgery had a median age of 59 years (range: 47-73 years). In 37 (90.2%) patients, high-grade serous adenocarcinoma histology was reported. Thirty-four (82.9%) achieved optimal cytoreduction and five (14.7%), a complete pathological response. Progression-free survival at one year and two years was 74.7% and 51.8%, respectively. Overall survival at one year and two years was 85.2% and 71.4%, respectively. The risk of progression and death was greater in patients without optimal cytoreduction and in patients with postsurgery levels of carcinoembryonic antigen 125 > 30 U/mL. Conclusions. Neoadjuvant therapy with dose-dense carboplatin and paclitaxel achieved an elevated frequency of optimal cytoreduction. The post-surgery levels of carcinoembryonic antigen 125 and optimal cytoreduction were independent factors of progression-free survival and overall survival.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Peru , Institutos de Câncer , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia Combinada , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia y el valor pronóstico de la anemia en pacientes con cáncer atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) entre enero y abril del 2010. Materiales y métodos. Se consideró anemia en varones cuando la hemoglobina fue <13 g/dL, y en mujeres cuando fue <12 g/dL. Para determinar asociaciones se usó la prueba Chi-cuadrado. Para el análisis de las curvas de sobrevida se usó el estimador de Kaplan-Meier y log rank test. Resultados. 772 pacientes fueron incluidos; 584 (75,7%) tuvieron tumores sólidos y 188 (24,3%) neoplasias hematológicas. Se diagnóstico anemia en 359 (46,5%) pacientes, en 124 (66,0%) neoplasias hematológicas, y en 235 (40,2%) neoplasias sólidas. Las neoplasias hematológicas con mayor frecuencia de anemia fueron la leucemia mieloide crónica, las leucemias agudas, y el mieloma múltiple (100%, 92,5% y 60%; respectivamente) y en el grupo de neoplasias sólidas fueron los cánceres de origen: gastrointestinal, ginecológico, y urológico (62%, 52,1% y 45%; respectivamente). Recibieron transfusiones 204 pacientes (26,4%). En 762 pacientes se encontró una diferencia en la sobrevida global entre los grupos sin y con presencia de anemia, estimándose a los cinco años en 62% y 47% respectivamente (p<0,001), además se encontraron diferencias en la sobrevida global para el subgrupo de tumores sólidos (p=0,002) y neoplasias hematológicas (p=0,007). Conclusiones. La anemia es frecuente en pacientes con cáncer y su presencia determina un factor pronóstico independiente en la sobrevida global.
ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the frequency and prognostic value of anemia in cancer patients receiving care at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas - INEN) between January and April of 2010. Materials and Methods. Anemia was considered for men with hemoglobin levels at <13 g/dL; and for women, at <12 g/dL. Associations between qualitative features were assessed with a Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier estimator was used for the analysis of the survival curves, and differences between the curves were performed with the log-rank test. Results. 772 patients were included; 584 (75.7%) had solid tumors and 188 (24.3%) had hematologic malignancies. Anemia was diagnosed in 359 patients (46.5%); hematologic malignancies in 127 patients (67.6%); and solid neoplasms in 235 (40.2%). Hematologic malignancies with the highest frequency of anemia were chronic myeloid leukemia, acute leukemias, and multiple myeloma (100%, 92.5% and 60%, respectively); and were cancer of gastrointestinal, gynecological, and urological origin were in the group of solid neoplasms (62%, 52.1% and 45%, respectively). Two hundred and four (204) patients (26.4%) were transfused. In 762 patients, a significant difference in overall survival was found between groups with and without anemia, estimated at 5 years in 62% and 47% respectively (p <0.001). In the solid tumor subgroup (p = 0.002), and the hematological malignancies subgroup (p = 0.007), such association was also found. Conclusions. Anemia is common in cancer patients, and its presence determines an independent prognostic factor in overall survival.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anemia/etiologia , Anemia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el valor pronóstico de la razón de ganglios metastásicos (LNR) en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico operados de gastrectomía radical D2. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 498 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) entre los años 2008 y 2011 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se dividieron en 4 grupos de acuerdo a su LNR; LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0,13, LNR2: 0,14-0,4 y LNR3: ≥ 0,4. Resultados: La mediana de ganglios resecados fue de 42 [rango 8-153] y 494 (99,2%) pacientes tuvieron más de 15 ganglios resecados. 340 (68,5%) pacientes presentaron compromiso ganglionar y 175 (35,1%) fueron clasificados como pN3, 94 (18,5%) pN2 y 72 (14,5%) como pN1. 285 (57,2%) pacientes tuvieron estadío III. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos del LNR en las curvas de sobrevida global (SV) y de sobrevida libre de enfermedad (SVLE) (p <0,05). Según los grupos del LNR existen diferencias según la edad, el tamaño de la lesión, el nivel de compromiso ganglionar (pN), la clasificación Lauren, la invasión vascular y la invasión linfática (p <0,05). El LNR es un factor pronóstico importante para explicar el tiempo de muerte (LNR3: HR: 6,77, 95%CI: 3,346-13,706, p <0,05) y de recurrencia (LNR3: HR: 5,3, 95%CI: 2,104-13,439, p <0,05). Conclusión: El LNR es un factor pronóstico independiente importante en los pacientes operados de gastrectomía radical con linfadenectomia D2 por cáncer gástrico.
Objective: The study objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy D2. Materials and methods: We reviewed retrospectively 498 medical records of patients with gastric cancer who were attended at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) between 2008 and 2011and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were distributed into 4 groups according to their LNR, LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0.13, LNR2: 0.14-0.4 and LNR3: ≥ 0.4. Results: The median of resected lymph nodes was 42 [range; 8.153] and 494 (99.2%) patients had more than 15 lymph nodes retrieved. 340 (68.5%) patients had lymph node involvement and 175 (35.1%) cases (35.1%) were classified as pN3, 94 (18.5%) pN2 and 72 (14.5%) were pN1. 285 (57.2%) patients had stage III disease. There was a significant difference between groups of LNR in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves (p <0.05). According to the LNR groups there was significant differences according to age, lesion size, lymph node involvement (pN), Lauren classification, vascular invasion and lymphatic invasion (p <0.05). LNR is an important prognostic factor to explain the time of death (LNR3: HR: 6.77, 95% CI: 3.346-13.706, p <0.05) and recurrence time (LNR3: 95% CI: 2.104-13.439, p <0.05). Conclusion: LNR remains as an important independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Gastrectomia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Gastrectomia/métodos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Abstract: Background: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas constitute a heterogeneous and rare group of diseases with regional particularities in Latin America. Objective: To determine the clinicopathological features, relative frequency and survival among patients from a Peruvian institution. Methods: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas were defined based on the absence of extracutaneous disease at diagnosis. Classification was performed following the 2008 World Health Organization Classification of Neoplasms of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid tissues. Risk groups were established according to the 2005 World Health Organization-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Data of patients admitted between January 2008 and December 2012 were analyzed. Results: 74 patients were included. Mean age was 49.5 years. In order of frequency, diagnoses were: mycosis fungoides (40.5%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (22.95%), adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (18.9%), CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders (6.8%), hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma (5.4%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (4.1%) and Sézary syndrome (1.4%). Predominant clinical patterns were observed across different entities. Mycosis fungoides appeared mainly as plaques (93%). Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified and adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia presentation was polymorphic. All patients with hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma presented with facial edema. All cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma appeared as ulcerated nodules/tumors. Disseminated cutaneous involvement was found in 71.6% cases. Forty-six percent of patients were alive at 5 years. Five-year overall survival was 76.4% and 19.2%, for indolent and high-risk lymphomas, respectively (p<0.05). High risk group (HR: 4.6 [2.08-10.18]) and increased DHL level (HR: 3.2 [1.57-6.46]) emerged as prognostic factors for survival. Study limitations: Small series. Conclusion: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides or CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders are aggressive entities with a poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Risco , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/diagnóstico , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/epidemiologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar las características clínicas, histológicas y los factores pronósticos del cáncer cervical (CC) en pacientes jóvenes peruanas. Materiales y métodos Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de 35 años de edad o menos diagnosticadas con CC entre el 2008 y el 2012 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Resultados 449 pacientes tenían neoplasias epiteliales. Los tipos histológicos principales fueron: carcinoma de células escamosas (84,9%), adenocarcinoma (11,0%) y carcinoma adenoescamoso (2,4%). El tamaño tumoral promedio fue 4,98 cm. También se identificó anemia (55,7%), creatinina elevada (21,2%) e hidronefrosis (13,8%). El 82,3% de los pacientes presentaron enfermedad localmente avanzada. Los estadios IIB (47,4%) y IIIB (25,8%) fueron los más comunes. La supervivencia global a 5 años fue de 59,5% (I, 90,9%; II, 57,5%; III, 42,7% y IV, 13,3%). La creatinina elevada, la anemia, el tamaño tumoral, el compromiso parametrial y la hidronefrosis fueron factores que afectaron la supervivencia. No se encontró relación significativa entre el tipo histológico y la supervivencia. La presencia de anemia (Hazard Ratio ajustado [HRa]: 2,5; intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%]: 1,6-4,0) y la hidronefrosis (HRa: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,0-4,0) estuvieron independientemente asociados con la supervivencia; asimismo, el compromiso parametrial con (HRa: 3,3; IC 95%: 1,5-7,2) o sin (HRa: 2,6; IC 95%: 1,3-5,3) extensión al hueso pélvico. Conclusiones El cáncer cervical en jóvenes peruanas es diagnosticado en estadios avanzados. La supervivencia global en cada estadio es similar a la reportada en pacientes mayores. Se confirmó la importancia de los factores convencionales relacionados con el pronóstico. La anemia fue un factor de pronóstico independiente importante que requiere mayores investigaciones.
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the clinical and histological characteristics and prognostic factors of cervical cancer (CC) in young Peruvian patients. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of patients younger than 35 years old diagnosed with CC between 2008 and 2012 in the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas. Results 449 patients had epithelial neoplasms. The main histological types were: squamous cell carcinoma (84.9%), adenocarcinoma (11.0%) and adenosquamous carcinoma (2.4%). The average tumor size was 4.98 cm. Anemia (55.7%), elevated creatinine (21.2%) and hydronephrosis (13.8%) were also identified. 82.3% of the patients presented locally advanced disease. Stages IIB (47.4%) and IIIB (25.8%) were the most common. Overall 5-year survival was 59.5% (I, 90.9%; II, 57.5%; III, 42.7% and IV, 13.3%). Elevated creatinine, anemia, tumor size, parametrial involvement and hydronephrosis were factors that affected survival. No significant relation was found between histological type and survival. The presence of anemia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%]: 1.6-4.0) and hydronephrosis (aHR: 1.6; CI 95%: 1.0-4.0) were independently associated with survival; likewise, the parametrial commitment with (aHR: 3.3; CI 95%: 1.5-7.2) or without (aRH: 2.6; CI 95%: 1.3-5.3) extension to the pelvic bone. Conclusions Cervical cancer in young Peruvians is diagnosed in advanced stages. Overall survival in each stage is similar to the reported in older patients. The importance of conventional prognosis- related factors was confirmed. Anemia was an important independent prognostic factor requiring further investigations.