The association between work-related activities and leisure-time physical activity among Latinos.

OBJECTIVES: Latinos engage in high levels of occupational physical activity, yet low levels of leisure-time physical activity. Limited research has examined specific work-based activities that may contribute to leisure-time physical activity for meeting current physical activity recommendations among Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between frequency of work-related exertion and standing/walking with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines among Latinos and whether associations varied by nativity. DESIGN: We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latinos ≥18 years of age (n = 3162). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between the frequency of work-related activities with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. We also examined whether associations varied by nativity. RESULTS: In adjusted models, compared with those never engaging in exertion at work, participants always exerting themselves were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.51-0.87). Compared with those never standing/walking at work, participants seldom standing/walking were also less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. When stratified by nativity, the patterns in the strength of the associations were similar, while differences were observed in the associations of work-related activities with meeting guidelines. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that engaging in higher frequency of exertion and standing/walking at work are associated with being less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline during leisure time among Latinos, with variation observed in meeting guidelines by nativity. Insight into physical activities performed at work could inform efforts aimed at promoting recommended levels of physical activity among Latinos.

The association between neighborhood social cohesion and sleep duration in Latinos.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between neighborhood social cohesion and sleep duration among Latinos, and whether this association varies by Latino subgroup. DESIGN: We used cross-sectional data from the 2013-2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on 13,537 Latino adults aged ≥18 years originating from 5 countries/regions (i.e. Latinos of Mexican/Mexican-American, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Central or South American, and Cuban/Cuban-American origin). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between neighborhood social cohesion and sleep duration, and whether associations varied by Latino subgroup. RESULTS: Among Mexicans/Mexican-Americans, medium and high levels of neighborhood social cohesion were associated with normal sleep duration, relative to short sleep duration (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.31; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.08-1.57, and OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.26-1.69, respectively). Among Puerto Ricans, Cubans/Cuban Americans, and Central or South Americans, high neighborhood social cohesion was significantly associated with normal sleep duration (OR: 1.53; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.10-2.11, OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.10-3.42, and OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.35-2.34, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The variation in the contribution of neighborhood social cohesion to sleep duration by Latino subgroup should be considered in health promotion programs aimed at improving sleep among Latinos.

The Association Between Family Social Network Size and Healthy Lifestyle Factors: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

We examined associations of central family (i.e., children, parents, in-laws) social network size with healthy lifestyle factors (i.e., favorable body mass index, physical activity, diet, alcohol use, smoking). Using data on 15,511 Hispanics/Latinos 18-74 years old from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, multivariable adjusted survey logistic regression was used to compute associations of social network size with healthy lifestyle factors. A one-unit higher total of central family size was associated with lower odds of healthy body mass index (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86-0.93) and having all five healthy lifestyle factors (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.85-0.96). Findings suggest familial structural social support may contribute to healthy lifestyle factors and differ based on the type of relationship among Hispanics/Latinos.

Food insecurity and adult overweight/obesity: Gender and race/ethnic disparities.

The majority of the food insecurity-obesity research has indicated a positive association among women, especially minority women. Less research has been conducted on men, and the findings are inconsistent. The aim was to assess whether gender and race/ethnic disparities exists between the food insecurity and overweight/obesity relationship among adults ages 18-59. We used the cross-sectional 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey data (N = 19,990). Three or more affirmative responses on the 10-item USDA Food Security Scale indicated food insecure experiences. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression models were stratified by gender and race/ethnicity to estimate the association between food insecurity and overweight/obesity controlling for several demographic characteristics. Adults on average were 36 years of age (51% female; 56% white, 27% Hispanic, and 17% black), 27% were food insecure, and 65% were overweight/obese. Food insecurity was most prevalent among blacks and Hispanics, regardless of gender. A greater percentage of food insecure women were overweight/obese compared to food secure women among all race/ethnicity groups; while similar proportions of white, black, and Hispanic men were overweight/obese irrespective of their food security status. In covariate-adjusted models, food insecurity was associated with a 41% and 29% higher odds of being overweight/obese among white and Hispanic women, respectively. Food insecurity was not related to overweight/obesity among black women nor among white, black, and Hispanic men. The complex relationship between food insecurity and obesity suggests a need to investigate potential behavioral and physiological mechanisms, and moderators of this relationship.

Association of self-reported physical activity with obstructive sleep apnea: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

We examined associations of mild and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 and ≥15, respectively) with recommended amounts of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) and by type of activity (i.e., recreational, transportation, and work activity). The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter population-based study, enrolled individuals from 2008 to 2011 from four U.S. metropolitan areas (Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; San Diego, California). Participants in this study included 14,087 self-identified Hispanic/Latino ages 18 to 74years from the HCHS/SOL. Survey logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI], adjusting for sociodemographics, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Relative to being inactive, performing some MVPA (>0 to <150min/week) or meeting the recommended MVPA (≥150min/week) were associated with lower odds of mild OSA (ORs and 95% CIs 0.70 [0.61-0.82] and 0.76 [0.63-0.91], respectively), as well as moderate to severe OSA (ORs and 95% CIs 0.76 [0.62-0.93] and 0.76 [0.59-0.98], respectively). Associations of VPA with OSA were not significant. Engaging in medium or high levels of transportation activity was associated with lower odds of mild OSA (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96; OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95, respectively). Performing some recreational MVPA was associated with lower likelihood of mild and moderate to severe OSA (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.93; OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97, respectively). Health promotion and OSA prevention efforts should encourage individuals to engage in at least some MVPA.

Race and ethnic differences in physical activity, osteopenia, and osteoporosis: results from NHANES 2009-2010, 2013-2014, 2017-2018.

This study aimed to determine current physical activity trends association with bone density in a racial and ethnically diverse sample of older adults. We found that those engaged in no and some physical activity had lower femoral BMD when compared to those that met the physical activity recommendation. PURPOSE: Most older adults do not engage in the recommended levels of physical activity to improve health, and there are racial and ethnic differences in physical activity participation. This study aims to evaluate whether meeting the physical activity recommendation is related to osteopenia and osteoporosis in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of older adults. METHODS: Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009-2010, 2013-2014, 2017-2018) was obtained from 5252adults 60-80 years old. Self-reported physical activity was categorized into met recommendation, some physical activity, and no physical activity. We used linear regression models to examine the association between physical activity and BMD for each race and ethnic group adjusting for sociodemographics and other selected variables. RESULTS: Non-Latino Blacks (NLB) and Latinos reported the lowest prevalence of meeting the physical activity recommendation, compared with Non-Latino Whites (NLW) (40.0%, 44.0%, and 51.4%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Further, NLB and Latinos had a lower prevalence of osteoporosis when compared to NLW (5.4%, 7.3%, and 9.1% respectively; p < 0.0001). There was a 0.03 g/cm2 difference in BMD between those who met the physical activity recommendation when compared to the no physical activity group; however, this decreased after adjusting for selected covariates. CONCLUSION: Considering the prevalence and burden of osteopenia and osteoporosis, and projected increases in the racial and ethnic diversity of the older population, more research is needed to further understand the association between meeting the physical activity recommendation and bone health among racial and ethnic diverse older adults.

The role of neighborhood social cohesion in the association between seeing people walk and leisure-time walking among Latino adults.

Few studies have investigated the association between seeing people walk and leisure-time walking, and the role of neighborhood social cohesion among Latinos/Latinx. We examined the association between frequency of seeing people walk within sight of home and leisure-time walking, and whether neighborhood social cohesion explained this association. We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey from Latinos aged 18+ years (n=4,669). A structural equation model was used to estimate the association between seeing people walk and leisure-time walking, and to test the extent to which neighborhood social cohesion accounted for the association. Findings indicate that there is a strong association between seeing people walk and leisure-time walking, and neighborhood social cohesion partially explains this association among Latinos/Latinx. Neighborhood social cohesion may strengthen efforts focused on neighborhood-level behavioral norms that promote walking.

Fear of Job Loss and Hypertension Prevalence Among Working Latino Adults.

Evidence indicates that stress increases cardiovascular disease risk. Latinos are disproportionately employed in precarious work conditions that can trigger hypertension risk. We examined if fear of job loss, a work stressor, was associated with hypertension among U.S. Latinos. We utilized 2015 National Health Interview Survey data from working Latino adults (n = 2683). In multivariate logistic regression models, we examined if fear of job loss was associated with hypertension, adjusting for age, sex, education, household income, and health insurance, and whether nativity status modified this relationship. Fear of job loss was significantly associated with increased probability of reporting hypertension among Latino workers in fully adjusted models (PR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18-2.03), compared with no fear of job loss. This relationship varied by nativity. These findings suggest that work-related conditions may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk among Latinos and public health initiatives should promote behavioral interventions in work settings.

Persistent disparities in cholesterol screening among immigrants to the United States.

BACKGROUND: This study compared differences in cholesterol screening among immigrant populations and US born race/ethnic groups and whether improving access to health care reduced differences in screening. METHODS: Self-reported cholesterol screening for adults was calculated from multivariate logistic regression analysis of the 1988-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (N = 17,118). Immigrant populations were classified by place of birth and length of residency. RESULTS: After adjusting for individual characteristics and access to health care, the multivariate adjusted probability of cholesterol screening is significantly lower for persons originating from Mexico (70.9%) compared to persons born in the US (80.1%) or compared to US born Hispanic persons (77.8%). Adjustment for access to care did significantly reduce the difference in screening rates between immigrants and natives because the rate for natives remained the same, but the rate for immigrants improved. For example, the difference in screening between US born persons and persons born in Mexico was reduced by nearly 10% after adjustment for access to care. CONCLUSIONS: There are persistent disparities in cholesterol screening for immigrants, particularly recent immigrants from Mexico, but improved access to health care may be a viable policy intervention to reduce disparities.

Perceptions and Barriers to Physical Activity in Childhood and Adulthood Among Latinas.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify perceptions and barriers to physical activity in childhood and adulthood among Latina adults. METHODS: Three focus groups, 2 dyadic interviews, and an individual interview were conducted using semi-structured interview guides with 23 Latina women aged 21-35. A thematic analysis approach employing inductive and deductive coding was utilized to code, categorize, and summarize data into themes. RESULTS: The themes that emerged focused on: (1) physical activity is enjoyable; (2) family influenced physical activity; (3) different lifestyle in the US influenced physical activity; (4) physical activity is important for health; and (5) responsibilities (eg, work, caregiving) as barriers to physical activity in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions and barriers to physical activity experienced in both childhood and adulthood should be considered in the promotion of physical activity among Latinas.

Evaluation of the Role of Leisure Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Simultaneously on the Income-Overweight/Obesity Relationship.

In the United States, overweight/obesity is more prevalent among those with low-income; higher income is related to greater leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), which are inversely related to overweight/obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the role of LTPA and SB simultaneously in the income-overweight/obesity relationship. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014) were utilized (n = 10,348 non-older adults (aged 20-59 years)). A multiple mediator structural equation model was conducted to evaluate the indirect effects from income to overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2) through LTPA and SB simultaneously, controlling for confounding variables, including diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. As expected, greater income was negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Income indirectly influenced overweight/obesity through LTPA (Indirect effect: B = -0.005; CI = -0.01, -0.003), and through SB (Indirect effect: B = 0.008; CI = 0.005, 0.01), in opposing directions. The direct effect from income to overweight/obesity remained statistically significant. LTPA partially accounted for the negative relationship between income and overweight/obesity; SB reduced the strength of the negative relationship between income and overweight/obesity. Targeted behavior approaches for weight management may be beneficial. Increasing LTPA among adults with lower income and decreasing SB among adults with higher income may provide some overweight/obesity protection.

Educational Attainment and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Health (Life's Simple 7) in Asian Americans.

Asian Americans have a high burden of cardiovascular disease, yet little is known about the social patterning of cardiovascular health (CVH) in this population. We examined if education (10+ years, and 15.9% for the U.S.-born. All models showed that low education compared to high education was associated with lower odds of having ideal CVH. This pattern remained in adjusted models but became non-significant when controlling for nativity (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 1.13). Models stratified by time in the U.S. were less consistent but showed similar education gradients in CVH. Low education is a risk factor for attaining ideal cardiovascular health among Asian Americans, regardless of time in the U.S.

Neighborhood Walkability and Overweight/Obese Weight Status Among Latino Adults.

PURPOSE: To examine whether aerobic physical activity mediates the association between neighborhood walkability and overweight/obesity weight status among Latino adults and whether the relative contribution of this pathway linking neighborhood walkability and aerobic activity varies by level of neighborhood social cohesion. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2015. SAMPLE: NHIS adult Latino participants ≥18 years of age (n = 4303). MEASURES: Neighborhood walkability, neighborhood social cohesion, body mass index, and aerobic physical activity. ANALYSIS: To determine whether physical activity mediates the relationship of walkability with overweight/obese weight status, a simple mediation analysis was conducted. Additionally, a moderated mediation analysis was conducted to test whether neighborhood social cohesion had a moderating effect on this relationship. RESULTS: On average, the sample was 41 years old, 51% were male, 34% had less than a high school education, and 57% were foreign-born. Neighborhood walkability was statistically significantly related to overweight/obese weight status (standardized effect= -0.05, standard error [SE] = 0.02, P = .01). The interaction between walkability and neighborhood social cohesion on physical activity was not significant (standardized effect = 0.06, SE = 0.03, P = .09). Thus, the indirect effect of walkability on overweight/obesity weight status through physical activity was not shown to be modified by neighborhood social cohesion. CONCLUSION: Other neighborhood environment factors may play a role in the contribution of neighborhood walkability to overweight/obese weight status among Latinos.

Frequency of Seeing People Walk and Aerobic Physical Activity Among Latino Adults.

BACKGROUND: Little research has examined gender differences in the association of seeing others exercise, in the neighborhood context, with physical activity, particularly for diverse racial/ethnic groups. The authors examined the association between frequency of seeing people walk and aerobic activity by gender among Latinos. METHODS: The authors used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latino participants ≥18 years (n = 5147). Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association between seeing people walk and level of aerobic physical activity. RESULTS: Men reporting seeing people walk every 2 to 3 days and every day were more likely to meet the aerobic activity recommendation (odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.89 and OR 1.96; 95% CI, 1.23-3.14, respectively). Among women, those seeing people walk every day and every 2 to 3 days were likely to engage in some aerobic activity (OR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.26-2.80 and OR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.23-3.18, respectively) and meet the recommendation (OR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.24-2.42 and OR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03-2.67, respectively). Women seeing people walk about once a week were also likely to engage in some activity (OR 3.06; 95% CI, 1.59-5.89). CONCLUSIONS: Among Latino men and women, seeing people walk is associated with meeting the aerobic activity guideline. Results suggest that adoption of physical activity may in part be driven by neighborhood-level behavioral norms and by inference characteristics of the neighborhood that support walking.

Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Walking Limitations in Ethnically Diverse Older Latinos in the United States.

Walking is the most common form of physical activity and socially cohesive neighborhoods may provide the context for racially/ethnically diverse groups to maintain an active lifestyle, particularly at older ages. Among Latinos, the association between neighborhood cohesion and walking behaviors may additionally differ by Latino group. We examined the association between neighborhood social cohesion and walking limitations among Latinos overall and by specific Latino groups. We combined data from the 2013 to 2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and selected adults aged ≥60 years (n= 3,716). Walking limitations were assessed based on responses to the "experienced difficulty walking" survey question. Social cohesion was measured using four NHIS questions regarding neighborhood social cohesion. Logistic regression models were stratified by Latino subgroup. Mexican Americans represented the largest proportion of the sample (55%). Cubans had the highest proportion of individuals reporting high neighborhood social cohesion (51%), while Dominicans had the lowest proportion (29%). In the total sample, those with high and medium neighborhood social cohesion reported lower odds of walking limitations. Although tests for interaction were not statistically significant, stratified analyses showed that all Latino groups had lower odds of walking limitations if they lived in a high social cohesion neighborhood compared with low social cohesion neighborhoods. Our results suggest that neighborhood social cohesion is associated with walking limitations among diverse groups of older Latinos.

The Association Between Seeing People Walk and Neighborhood Social Cohesion.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between frequency of seeing people walk within sight of home and neighborhood social cohesion among adults, and whether this association varies by race/ethnicity. METHODS: We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latino, non-Latino White, non-Latino Black, and non-Latino Asian adults (N = 33,099). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations. RESULTS: Seeing people walk every day and every 2-3 days were significantly more likely to report medium levels of neighborhood social cohesion, relative to low. The association between seeing people walk and neighborhood social cohesion varied by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Higher frequency of seeing others walk may contribute to higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion.

The Association of Prediabetes and Diabetes Risk Perception With Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Weight Loss.

PURPOSE: To examine the association of perceived risk of prediabetes and diabetes with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and weight loss, and determine whether the association of risk perception with LTPA and weight loss varies by race/ethnicity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. SUBJECTS: Non-Latino white, non-Latino black, and Latino nondiabetic and nonprediabetic NHANES participants ≥18 years of age who were not underweight (n = 9550). MEASURES: Demographic characteristics, LTPA, attempted weight loss, and perceived risk of prediabetes or diabetes. ANALYSIS: Log-binomial regression models were fit to assess the association of perceived risk with meeting LTPA recommendations and having attempted to lose weight, overall and by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Individuals reporting that they perceived they could be at risk for diabetes/prediabetes were less likely to meet LTPA recommendations (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.95), but significantly more likely to report attempting weight loss in the past year (aPR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.04-1.25), compared with those reporting no risk perception. Latino and non-Latino blacks who perceived they could be at risk for diabetes/prediabetes were 25% and 35% more likely to report trying to lose weight in the past year (aPR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08-1.44 and aPR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.19-1.54, respectively), compared with Latino and non-Latino blacks that did not perceive being at risk. In contrast, non-Latino whites who perceived they were at risk were 20% less likely to report meeting LTPA recommendations (aPR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72-0.89), compared with non-Latino whites reporting no risk perception. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the role of perceived risk for prediabetes and diabetes in LTPA and weight loss, with findings varying by race/ethnicity. Awareness of prediabetes and diabetes risk could contribute to efforts aimed at improving LTPA and weight loss.

Neighborhood Walkability and Aerobic Physical Activity among Latinos.

Objective: In this study, we examined neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) as a moderator in the association between neighborhood walkability and meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline among US Latino adults. Methods: We used 2015 National Health Interview Survey cross-sectional data from 4525 adult US Latino participants ≥18 years of age. NSC and walkability measures were self-reported. Higher walkability scores indicating higher walkability. Aerobic activity was assessed based on self-reported frequency and duration of activity. Minutes per week of moderate and vigorous aerobic activity were then categorized based on the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Survey logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI]. Effect modification by neighborhood social cohesion was tested by inclusion of a walkability*NSC interaction term. Results: A one-unit higher walkability score was associated with higher odds of meeting the aerobic activity guideline (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11). After adding NSC to the model, the association remained statistically significant (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10). The walkability*NSC interaction term was not statistically significant. Conclusions: NSC did not moderate the association between neighborhood walkability and meeting the aerobic activity guideline among US Latino adults.

Physical activity and sleep problems in homeless adults.

BACKGROUND: For the estimated 554,000 homeless individuals on any given night in the United States, obtaining quality sleep is often challenging. This group is known to have multiple health disparities, potentially affected by sleep problems; therefore, identifying lifestyle factors-such as physical activity-that are associated with improving both quality and quantity of sleep has important implications for public health. Here, we examine associations of physical activity with subjective sleep problems within a large sample of homeless adults. METHODS: Participants were homeless adults recruited from Dallas and Oklahoma (N = 747; 66.1% men, Mage = 43.7±12.1). Participants self-reported insufficient sleep (number of days without sufficient rest/sleep in the last month; categorized as 0, 1-13, 14-29, or ≥30 days), sleep duration (over average 24 hours; categorized as ≤6 [short sleeper], 7-9 [optimal sleeper], or ≥10 hours [long sleeper]), and unintentional daytime sleep (number of days with unintentional sleep in the last month; categorized as 0 vs ≥30 days). Physical activity was assessed subjectively using the BRFSS Physical Activity Questionnaire. Regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between physical activity and sleep problems, controlling for age, sex, race, education, body mass, months homeless, at-risk drinking, self-rated health, serious mental illness, smoking status, and recruitment city. RESULTS: Failure to meet/exceed physical activity guidelines was associated with higher likelihood of being a long sleeper (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.46, 4.78) but a lower likelihood of having ≥30 days of insufficient rest/sleep (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that physical activity promotion may hold promise for addressing the problem of too much sleep, but not other manifestations of sleep problems among this vulnerable group.

Nativity and Occupational Determinants of Physical Activity Participation Among Latinos.

INTRODUCTION: Latinos in the U.S. bear a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk factors, including physical inactivity. Previous research among Latinos has focused on leisure-time physical activity, limiting understanding of the different ways in which populations, particularly working-class groups, achieve recommended levels of physical activity. This study examined associations of race/ethnicity; nativity; and leisure-time, transportation, and occupation-related physical activity among Latino and non-Latino white adults. METHODS: Participants sampled in the 2007-2012 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey self-reported domain-specific physical activity. Data were analyzed in 2016-2017 using multivariable log binomial regression models to examine differences in meeting guidelines for each physical activity domain separately and as total physical activity among Latinos (n=4,692) and non-Latino whites (n=7,788). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and health status and tested interactions between nativity and occupational categories. RESULTS: In adjusted models, foreign-born Latinos (prevalence ratio=0.70, 95% CI=0.63, 0.77) and U.S.-born Latinos (prevalence ratio=0.85, 95% CI=0.76, 0.95) were least likely to meet physical activity guidelines through occupation-related and leisure time physical activity, when compared with non-Latino whites. By contrast, foreign-born Latinos were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines through transportation physical activity than non-Latino whites (prevalence ratio=1.26, 95% CI=1.01, 1.56) and were proportionately more likely to participate in vigorous modes of physical activity. Interaction results indicated that foreign-born Latinos were the least likely to meet physical activity guidelines compared with U.S.-born Latinos and non-Latino whites if they worked in non-manual occupational categories. All racial/ethnic groups working in manual occupations saw the largest increase (40%-50%) in meeting physical activity guidelines when occupation-related physical activity was combined with leisure-time and transportation physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest variability in the relationship between nativity and the physical activity domain Latinos engage in compared with non-Latino whites, with occupation contributing substantially to meeting physical activity recommendations for all population groups.