Achieving trust in health-behavior-change artificial intelligence apps (HBC-AIApp) development: A multi-perspective guide.

OBJECTIVE: Trust determines the success of Health-Behavior-Change Artificial Intelligence Apps (HBC-AIApp). Developers of such apps need theory-based practical methods that can guide them in achieving such trust. Our study aimed to develop a comprehensive conceptual model and development process that can guide developers how to build HBC-AIApp in order to support trust creation among the app's users. METHODS: We apply a multi-disciplinary approach where medical informatics, human-centered design, and holistic health methods are integrated to address the trust challenge in HBC-AIApps. The integration extends a conceptual model of trust in AI developed by Jermutus et al., whose properties guide the extension of the IDEAS (integrate, design, assess, and share) HBC-App development process. RESULTS: The HBC-AIApp framework consists of three main blocks: (1) system development methods that study the users' complex reality, hence, their perceptions, needs, goals and environment; (2) mediators and other stakeholders who are important for developing and operating the HBC-AIApp, boundary objects that examine users' activities via the HBC-AIApp; and (3) the HBC-AIApp's structural components, AI logic, and physical implementation. These blocks come together to provide the extended conceptual model of trust in HBC-AIApps and the extended IDEAS process. DISCUSSION: The developed HBC-AIApp framework drew from our own experience in developing trust in HBC-AIApp. Further research will focus on studying the application of the proposed comprehensive HBC-AIApp development framework and whether applying it supports trust creation in such apps.

The development of a home-based technology to improve gait in people with Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: People with Parkinson's disease (PwP) may experience gait impairment and freezing of gait (FOG), a major cause of falls. External cueing, including visual (e.g., spaced lines on the floor) and auditory (e.g., rhythmic metronome beats) stimuli, are considered effective in alleviating mobility deficits and FOG. Currently, there is a need for a technology that delivers automatic, individually adjusted cues in the homes of PwP. The aims of this feasibility study were to describe the first step toward the development of a home-based technology that delivers external cues, test its effect on gait, and assess user experience. METHODS: Iterative system development was performed by our multidisciplinary team. The system was designed to deliver visual and auditory cues: light stripes projected on the floor and metronome beats, separately. Initial testing was performed using the feedback of five healthy elderly individuals on the cues' clarity (clear visibility of the light stripes and the sound of metronome beats) and discomfort experienced. A pilot study was subsequently conducted in the homes of 15 PwP with daily FOG. We measured participants' walking under three conditions: baseline (with no cues), walking with light stripes, and walking to metronome beats. Outcome measures included step length and step time. User experience was also captured in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Repeated-measures ANOVA of gait assessment in PwP revealed that light stripes significantly improved step length (p = 0.009) and step time (p = 0.019) of PwP. No significant changes were measured in the metronome condition. PwP reported that both cueing modalities improved their gait, confidence, and stability. Most PwP did not report any discomfort in either modality and expressed a desire to have such a technology in their homes. The metronome was preferred by the majority of participants. CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study demonstrated the usability and potential effect of a novel cueing technology on gait, and represents an important first step toward the development of a technology aimed to prevent FOG by delivering individually adjusted cues automatically. A further full-scale study is needed. Trial registration This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov at 1/2/2022 NCT05211687.

Patients' Self-Report and Handwriting Performance Features as Indicators for Suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.

Early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can lessen emotional and physical complications. In this study, a cognitive functional (CF) feature using cognitive and daily living items of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale served to define PD patients as suspected or not for MCI. The study aimed to compare objective handwriting performance measures with the perceived general functional abilities (PGF) of both groups, analyze correlations between handwriting performance measures and PGF for each group, and find out whether participants' general functional abilities, depression levels, and digitized handwriting measures predicted this CF feature. Seventy-eight participants diagnosed with PD by a neurologist (25 suspected for MCI based on the CF feature) completed the PGF as part of the Daily Living Questionnaire and wrote on a digitizer-affixed paper in the Computerized Penmanship Handwriting Evaluation Test. Results indicated significant group differences in PGF scores and handwriting stroke width, and significant medium correlations between PGF score, pen-stroke width, and the CF feature. Regression analyses indicated that PGF scores and mean stroke width accounted for 28% of the CF feature variance above age. Nuances of perceived daily functional abilities validated by objective measures may contribute to the early identification of suspected PD-MCI.

Time Organization Patterns of Adolescents: Agreement between Self- Report and Parent Report.

AIMS: Occupational therapy services include measurement and promotion of time organization as important for adolescents' daily life management and well-being into adulthood. This study examined the internal consistency reliability of the Time Organization and Participation Scale (TOPS) among adolescents and their parents, associations between time organization and age, gender differences in time organization, and agreement levels between adolescents' and parents' perceptions of time-organization abilities. METHODS: Seventy-five adolescents with typical development and their parents completed the TOPS self-report and parent versions. RESULTS: Both TOPS versions showed high internal consistency (.80-.94). No significant correlations were found between age and time-organization patterns. Girls self-reported significantly more emotional response following disorganization in time. Parents' total scores explained 52.1% of the variance in their children's total scores. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescence, a critical transitional period of preparing for independent adult life, involves a continual interaction between person, occupation, and environment while using skills to organize in time. The TOPS's self- and parent-reports are reliable and can raise awareness of time-organization deficiencies in daily activities and emotional consequences. The use of the TOPS to assess adolescents' time-organization abilities can inform intervention design to help adolescents develop an awareness of their time use and foster their daily performance.

Technology use characteristics among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-cultural survey.

Personal computers, tablets, and smartphones may support older adults' engagement when people are required to stay home and opportunities to engage in meaningful activities are reduced during the COVID-19 period. This study aims to screen older adults' technology-use characteristics across social, leisure, and education domains during the COVID-19 pandemic from a crosscultural viewpoint. The sample included 576 participants aged 60 and older from France (n = 62), Spain (n = 110), and Israel (n = 404). Participants completed the technology-use survey, which consists of questions about their facilities, technology usability, need for adaptations to support technology use, and changes in technology use since COVID-19. Significant differences were found between countries in facilities, χ2 (2) = 25.16, p < .001, and usability, χ2 (2) = 64.14, p < .001, across the three domains. Furthermore, 34% of technological usability was predicted by country and facilities, F (4, 568) = 72.39, p < .001. Participants noted a willingness to use technology if it was adapted for social (61%-73%), leisure (51%-71%), or educational (67%-76%) activities and that they devoted substantially more time to technology across domains (>58%) due to COVID-19. These findings highlight culture and facilities as factors that play an imperative role in supporting and enhancing the usability of technology among older adults.

Executive dysfunctions mediate between altered sensory processing and daily activity performance in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sensory processing is essential for the interaction with the environment and for adequate daily function. Sensory processing may deteriorate with aging and restrict daily activity performance. Aging may also affect Executive functions (EFs) which are critical for daily activity performance. Yet, most studies refer separately to the impacts of sensory processing or EFs and use clinical evaluations that do not necessarily reflect functional restrictions in real life. This study aims to describe the prevalence of altered sensory processing in the elderly as expressed in daily life scenarios and explore whether EFs mediate between altered sensory processing and daily activity performance in older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 167 healthy independently functioning people aged 65 and above who were living in the community, had sufficient cognitive status and no symptoms of depression (based on the GDS and the MMSE). All participants completed a socio-demographic-health questionnaire, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version and the Daily Living Questionnaire. RESULTS: Altered sensory processing, and mainly by the reduced ability to register and modulate sensory input from daily environment, were prevalent in older adults. Their impacts on daily activity performance were mediated by executive dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS: Executive dysfunctions may worsen the negative effects of altered sensory processing on daily activity performance in older adults. The interaction between EFs and sensory processing should receive growing attention in intervention and prevention programs for older adults, with the emphasis on their expressions and implications on peoples' function in real life context.

Does Cup-Grip Type Affect Tremor among People with Essential Tremor?

Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder that may cause functional disability in daily activities, such as drinking from a cup or drawing. This study aims to characterize effects of varied cup-grip types and measured axes on the actual performance of people with ET and find correlations between cup-grip type and measured axes, and spiral drawing measures. Participants (20 with ET and 18 controls) held a cup of water in a steady position in three grip types and drew a spiral. The cup acceleration was measured by the cup triaxial accelerometer, analyzed in X, Y and Z axes (directions); deviation of the measured acceleration from the desired steady position acceleration was computed. Significant group differences were found for outcome measures in all grip types. Among participants with ET, significantly higher measured values were found in the cup's horizontal plane (X and Y axes) compared to the vertical direction (Z axis) and for on-the-handle versus around-the-cup grips in the X and Y axes. Significant correlations were found between this grip's measures and spiral-drawing actual performance measures, indicating the measurement axis and grip type may affect actual performance. These findings may support the future development of assistive devices for tremor suppression and personalized supportive therapy.

Drawing Direction Effect on a Task's Performance Characteristics among People with Essential Tremor.

Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder affecting the performance of various daily tasks, including drawing. While spiral-drawing task characteristics have been described among patients with ET, research about the significance of the drawing direction of both spiral and lines tasks on the performance process is scarce. This study mapped inter-group differences between people with ET and controls related to drawing directions and the intra-effect of the drawing directions on the tremor level among people with ET. Twenty participants with ET and eighteen without ET drew spirals and vertical and horizontal lines on a digitizer with an inking pen. Time-based outcome measures were gathered to address the effect of the drawing directions on tremor by analyzing various spiral sections and comparing vertical and horizontal lines. Significant group differences were found in deviation of the spiral radius from a filtered radius curve and in deviation of the distance curve from a filtered curve for both line types. Significant differences were found between defined horizontal and vertical spiral sections within each group and between both line types within the ET group. A significant correlation was found between spiral and vertical line deviations from filtered curve outcome measures. Achieving objective measures about the significance of drawing directions on actual performance may support the clinical evaluation of people with ET toward developing future intervention methods for improving their functional abilities.

DailyCog: A Real-World Functional Cognitive Mobile Application for Evaluating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting patient functioning and quality of life. Aside from the motor symptoms of PD, cognitive impairment may occur at early stages of PD and has a substantial impact on patient emotional and physical health. Detecting these early signs through actual daily functioning while the patient is still functionally independent is challenging. We developed DailyCog-a smartphone application for the detection of mild cognitive impairment. DailyCog includes an environment that simulates daily tasks, such as making a drink and shopping, as well as a self-report questionnaire related to daily events performed at home requiring executive functions and visual-spatial abilities, and psychomotor speed. We present the detailed design of DailyCog and discuss various considerations that influenced the design. We tested DailyCog on patients with mild cognitive impairment in PD. Our case study demonstrates how the markers we used coincide with the cognitive levels of the users. We present the outcome of our usability study that found that most users were able to use our app with ease, and provide details on how various features were used, along with some of the difficulties that were identified.

Parental Occupation Executive Training (POET): An Efficient Innovative Intervention for Young Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommends first-line treatment of preschool aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) be parent- or teacher-administered behavior therapy.Aim: To assess the efficacy of Parental Occupation Executive Training (POET), a new intervention for young children with ADHD symptomatology.Materials and Methods: We implemented a controlled, counterbalanced design with a study and comparison group (72 children with mean age of 5.42 years identified as having ADHD symptomatology. using the DSM-IV and Conners Parents and Teachers Rating Scales). Intervention included parental-training sessions focused on children's occupational goals and capitalized on the assumed relationship between daily activities and executive functions. We evaluated achievement with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions, and a questionnaire we developed related to parental knowledge and skills.Results: Executive functions and preselected daily functions significantly improved following the POET intervention. Parent perceptions related to their knowledge of their children's executive difficulties and appropriate management strategies changed significantly following the intervention, and significantly correlated with the COPM scores.Conclusions: A short-term parental training program, the POET improved daily functioning of young children with ADHD symptomatology by focusing on their parents' ability to cope with the children's executive delays.

International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder.

AIM: These international clinical practice recommendations (CPR) for developmental coordination disorder (DCD), initiated by the European Academy of Childhood Disability (EACD), aim to address key questions on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of DCD relevant for clinical practice. METHOD: Key questions in five areas were considered through literature reviews and formal expert consensus. For recommendations based on evidence, literature searches on 'mechanisms', 'assessment', and 'intervention' were updated since the last recommendations in 2012. New searches were conducted for 'psychosocial issues' and 'adolescents/adults'. Evidence was rated according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (level of evidence [LOE] 1-4) and transferred into recommendations. For recommendations based on formal consensus, two meetings of an international, multidisciplinary expert panel were conducted with a further five Delphi rounds to develop good clinical practice (GCP) recommendations. RESULTS: Thirty-five recommendations were made. Eight were based on the evidence from literature reviews (three on 'assessment', five on 'intervention'). Twenty-two were updated from the 2012 recommendations. New recommendations relate to diagnosis and assessment (two GCPs) and psychosocial issues (three GCPs). Additionally, one new recommendation (LOE) reflects active video games as adjuncts to more traditional activity-oriented and participation-oriented interventions, and two new recommendations (one GCP, one LOE) were made for adolescents and adults with DCD. INTERPRETATION: The CPR-DCD is a comprehensive overview of DCD and current understanding based on research evidence and expert consensus. It reflects the state of the art for clinicians and scientists of varied disciplines. The international CPR-DCD may serve as a basis for national guidelines. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Updated international clinical practice guidelines on developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Refined and extended recommendations on clinical assessment and intervention for DCD. A critical synopsis of current research on mechanisms of DCD. A critical synopsis of psychosocial issues in DCD, with implications for clinical practice. The first international recommendations to consider adolescents and adults with DCD.

Daily Experiences and Challenges Among Children and Adolescents With Celiac Disease: Focus Group Results.

OBJECTIVES: Maintaining a restrictive gluten-free diet is the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). Adherence among children and adolescents presents unique challenges and is often inadequate. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) model encompasses all aspects of human health and daily function while dealing with a disease and interacting with the environment. The purpose was to explore everyday life experiences and challenges as perceived by children and adolescents with CD and their parents in light of the ICF-CY concepts to identify the most crucial components in management challenges. The present study was the first stage in developing a standardized questionnaire to assess these needs. METHODS: Children and adolescents diagnosed with CD for more than 6 months and their parents participated in 4 separate focus group interviews: 12 children (8-12 years) and 13 of their parents, and 10 adolescents (13-16 years) and 10 of their parents. RESULTS: The ICF-CY body functions component that includes higher-level cognitive functions, such as organization, planning, and problem solving was largely reflected. Food-related activities in and out of the home were discussed, yet thorough activity analysis was lacking in the available literature. CONCLUSIONS: The focus groups revealed a wide scope of coping issues that contribute to a deeper understanding of specific CD characteristics including daily management, participation in food-related activities, roles, strategies, and supporting or hindering factors in everyday life with CD.

Seeking Web-Based Information About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Where, What, and When.

BACKGROUND: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, prevalent among 2-10% of the population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe where, what, and when people search online for topics related to ADHD. METHODS: Data were collected from Microsoft's Bing search engine and from the community question and answer site, Yahoo Answers. The questions were analyzed based on keywords and using further statistical methods. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the Internet indeed constitutes a source of information for people searching the topic of ADHD, and that they search for information mostly about ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, individuals personally affected by the disorder made 2.0 more questions about ADHD compared with others. Questions begin when children reach 2 years of age, with an average age of 5.1 years. Most of the websites searched were not specifically related to ADHD and the timing of searches as well as the query content were different among those prediagnosis compared with postdiagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The study results shed light on the features of ADHD-related searches. Thus, they may help improve the Internet as a source of reliable information, and promote improved awareness and knowledge about ADHD as well as quality of life for populations dealing with the complex phenomena of ADHD.

Children With Celiac Disease: Health-Related Quality of Life and Leisure Participation.

OBJECTIVE: We compared health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) perceptions of children with celiac disease (CD) with those of their parents to determine whether their leisure participation differs from that of children without CD and whether relationships exist between leisure participation and HRQOL. METHOD: Children with CD and their parents completed a disease-specific HRQOL self-report questionnaire, the Celiac Disease DUX. These children and matched controls without CD completed the Children's Leisure Assessment Scale (CLASS). RESULTS: Parents perceived HRQOL significantly more negatively than did children. No significant group differences were found in leisure participation. However, specific CLASS food-related activities and HRQOL significantly correlated. CONCLUSION: Hearing the child's voice in addition to the parents' is important in determining the HRQOL of children with a chronic condition. Findings contribute to understanding of CD in the context of participation and well-being and can lead to development of occupational performance-based assessments and interventions for children with CD.

Daily functioning profile of children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder: A pilot study using an ecological assessment.

Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with activities of daily living (ADL) performance deficits. This study aimed to compare the performance characteristics of children with ADHD to those of controls based on the Do-Eat assessment tool, and to establish the tool's validity. Participants were 23 children with ADHD and 24 matched controls, aged 6-9 years. In addition to the Do-Eat, the Children Activity Scale-Parent (ChAS-P) and the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were used to measure sensorimotor abilities and executive function (EF). Significant differences were found in the Do-Eat scores between children with ADHD and controls. Significant moderate correlations were found between the Do-Eat sensorimotor scores, the ChAS-P and the BRIEF scores in the ADHD group. Significant correlations were found between performance on the Do-Eat and the ChAS-P questionnaire scores, verifying the tool's ecological validity. A single discriminant function described primarily by four Do-Eat variables, correctly classified 95.5% of the study participants into their respective study groups, establishing the tool's predictive validity within this population. These preliminary findings indicate that the Do-Eat may serve as a reliable and valid tool that provides insight into the daily functioning characteristics of children with ADHD. However, further research on larger samples is indicated.

Is there a relationship between executive functions and academic success in children with neurofibromatosis type 1?

The present study aimed to compare the executive function (EF) of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) to those of typically developing children and to investigate whether those abilities could predict the child's academic success in terms of academic skills and enablers. Twenty-nine children with NF1 and 27 age-and-gender-matched controls (aged 8-16 years) were examined with two tests to measure EF in an ecologically valid manner: the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome in Children (BADS-C) and the parent questionnaire for the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). In order to evaluate academic success we used the Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (ACES). The performance of the NF1 group was significantly lower on the Water and Key search subtest of the BADS-C and on four scales of the BRIEF: initiate; working memory; plan/organise and organisation of materials. Significant correlations and predictive models via regression analysis were generated for: BADS-C, BRIEF and ACES scores. Based on these findings, children with NF1 have executive dysfunction that partially accounts for their difficulties in academic achievements.

Drawing Proficiency Screening Questionnaire (DPSQ): development, reliability, and validity.

OBJECTIVE. We describe the development and preliminary psychometric examination of the DPSQ for identifying drawing difficulties in preschool children. METHOD. Teachers completed the DPSQ for 78 children ages 3-6 yr from 4 preschools. Children drew age-appropriate geometric forms of the Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) test on a digitizing tablet. We examined psychometric properties of the DPSQ and analyzed group membership. RESULTS. Internal consistency was high (α = .82). Significant correlations were found between DPSQ and VMI scores indicating in-air time (r = .37, p = .002) and pressure on the writing tool (r = .32, p = .007). The typical and at-risk groups differed significantly in VMI and DPSQ scores, t(76) = 5.6, p = .001. The DPSQ mean score differentiated between 76% of children with and without visual-motor deficits. CONCLUSION. The DPSQ is a useful tool for teachers and occupational therapy practitioners for indicating visual-motor deficits and potential handwriting problems.

Daily Functional Characteristics and Health Among Older Adults During COVID-19: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Within a few years, 1 in 6 people will be aged 60 years or older. Extreme situations, such as the COVID-19 crisis, constitute a challenge to older adults. However, the literature on the daily functional characteristics of older adults in the past and during the COVID-19 crisis and their relationships to their physical and mental health is scarce. This study aimed to examine the past and present daily functional factors associated with physical and mental health in older adults. Using an online platform, 204 Israelis aged 60 years and older reported their physical health symptoms and anxiety levels. They completed questionnaires about past (negative life events and childhood daily functional self-actualization) and present (adulthood daily functional self-actualization, functional cognition and sleep quality) factors. Structural equation modeling revealed correlations between functional cognition and childhood daily functional self-actualization (ß = -.18) and anxiety (ß = .15); adulthood daily functional self-actualization and past negative life events (ß = -.18), anxiety (ß = -.50), and physical symptoms (ß = -16); and sleep quality and past childhood daily functional self-actualization (ß = -.19), negative life events (ß = .22), anxiety (ß = .18), and physical symptoms (ß = .40). These findings shed light on potential functional factors for older adults' health, indicating that these functional factors play a vital role in reducing health problems in later life.

Three Perspectives on Older Adults' Daily Performance, Health, and Technology Use During COVID-19: Focus Group Study.

Background: During COVID-19 lockdowns, older adults' engagement in daily activities was severely affected, causing negative physical and mental health implications. Technology flourished as a means of performing daily activities in this complex situation; however, older adults often struggled to effectively use these opportunities. Despite the important role of older adults' social environments-including their families and health professionals-in influencing their technology use, research into their unique perspectives is lacking. Objective: This study aimed to explore the daily activity performance, health, and technology use experiences of healthy independent Israeli adults (aged ≥65 years) during COVID-19 from a 3-dimensional perspective: older adults, older adults' family members, and health professionals. Methods: Nine online focus groups, averaging 6-7 participants per group, were conducted with older adults, family members, and health professionals (N=59). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and constant comparative methods. Results: The intertwining of daily activity performance and health emerged as a central theme, with differences between the groups. Older adults prioritized their self-fulfilling routines based on motivation and choice, especially in social-familial activities. In contrast, family members and health professionals focused on serious physical and mental health COVID-19-related consequences. A consensus among all three groups revealed the meaningful role of technology use during this period in bridging functional limitations. Participants delved into technology's transformative power, focusing on the need for technology to get engaged in daily activities. Conclusions: This study illustrates the profound interplay between daily activity performances, physical and mental health, and technology use, using a 3-dimensional approach. Its focus on technology's uses and benefits sheds light on what older adults need to increase their technology use. Interventions for improving digital activity performance can be tailored to meet older adults' needs and preferences by focusing on motivational and preference-related activities.

Work-MAP Telehealth Metacognitive Work-Performance Intervention for Adults With ADHD: Randomized Controlled Trial.

The literature highlighted the need for evidence-based occupational therapy teleinterventions to improve work participation among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a self-tailored, metacognitive, telehealth intervention to enhance the performance of adults with ADHD at work (Work-MAP). The outcome measures were efficacy and satisfaction with performing self-selected work goals, executive functions, and quality of life. Participants in this randomized controlled trial were 46 adults with ADHD. Group A (n = 31) received the synchronous, hybrid-telehealth intervention in 11-weekly 1-hour individual sessions. Group B (n = 15) completed the intervention after a waiting phase. Following the intervention, participants showed and maintained significant improvements in all outcome measures (strong-to-moderate significant effects) to the 3-month follow-up. The Work-MAP teleintervention appears effective for improving work participation (i.e., performance), executive functions, and quality of life of adults with ADHD.