A novel t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) translocation adds to the role of BCOR and RUNX1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias.

In myeloid neoplasms, both fusion genes and gene mutations are well-established events identifying clinicopathological entities. In this study, we present a thus far undescribed t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) in five cases with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The translocation was isolated or accompanied by additional changes. It did not generate any fusion gene or gene deregulation by aberrant juxtaposition with regulatory sequences. Molecular analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing showed that the translocation was accompanied by at least one somatic mutation in TET2, EZH2, RUNX1, ASXL1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, DNMT3A, and NRAS genes. Co-occurrence of deletion of RUNX1 in 21q22 and of BCOR in Xp11 was associated with t(X;21). BCOR haploinsufficiency corresponded to a significant hypo-expression in t(X;21) cases, compared to normal controls and to normal karyotype AML. By contrast, RUNX1 expression was not altered, suggesting a compensatory effect by the remaining allele. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that overexpression of HOXA9 differentiated t(X;21) from both controls and t(8;21)-positive AML. In conclusion, we characterized a new recurrent reciprocal t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) chromosome translocation in MDS and AML, generating simultaneous BCOR and RUNX1 deletions rather than a fusion gene at the genomic level.

Association of C609T-Inborn Polymorphism of NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 with the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates.

UNLABELLED: Objectives In bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), direct exposure to oxygen therapy can damage the pulmonary epithelium via oxidative stress. The NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme detoxifies genotoxic products of oxidative stress. The corresponding gene is subject to an inactivating single-nucleotide polymorphism (C(609)T), which reduces detoxifying ability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the C(609)T NQO1 inborn gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of BPD. Study Design Peripheral blood samples from 119 premature neonates ≤ 32 weeks of gestational age (42 BPD and 77 non-BPD) were used for DNA extraction. NQO1 genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results A significantly higher frequency of the NQO1 polymorphism was observed in BPD neonates compared with neonates without BPD. All neonates with ≤ 1,000 g birth weight who carried the mutant allele in heterozygous or homozygous state developed BPD. None of the BPD nonaffected group neonates with ≤ 1,000 g birth weight carried the NQO1 polymorphism. Conclusion The higher incidence of NQO1 mutants among BPD neonates as well as the presence of the mutant allele in all neonates with ≤ 1,000 g who developed BPD provided the first evidence for a possible pathogenetic role of the C(609)T polymorphism in BPD susceptibility due to the reduction or loss of NQO1 enzymatic activity.

Combined GSTP1 and NQO1 germline polymorphisms in the susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis.

Germline polymorphisms of detoxification genes could influence susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) are detoxifying enzymes involved in biotransformation of metabolites preventing cells from oxidative damage. In order to evaluate the possible contribution of the A313G GSTP1 inactivating polymorphism, alone and in combination with the C609T NQO1 genetic variant in MS susceptibility, we performed a case-control study consisting of 254 MS patients and 370 healthy donors. Genotypes were investigated using a new Real-Time PCR and PCR-RFLP assays. The GSTP1 polymorphism was evaluated in relation to patients' characteristics (clinical subtypes, age and gender) and the NQO1 gene status. GSTP1 genotype distribution was similar between cases and controls. Higher frequency of GSTP1 heterozygotes was observed in patients with relapsing remitting disease (RRMS) (p = 0.019), especially in those presenting a benign form (EDSS ≤ 2 after 10-15 years from the disease onset). Interestingly, genotype distribution analysis of combined GSTP1 and NQO1 polymorphisms revealed significantly higher frequency of GSTP1 heterozygous (A/G) and NQO1 variant genotypes (C/T and T/T) in patients as compared to the controls (p = 0.031). The increased incidence of combined GSTP1 and NQO1 variant genotypes in MS patients may suggest that defective function of detoxification enzymes might be an important determinant of susceptibility and clinical manifestation of the disease. Moreover, the results suggest a possible role for the GSTP1 heterozygous background in the development of RRMS.

Effect of lenalidomide therapy on hematopoiesis of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome associated with chromosome 5q deletion.

BACKGROUND: Lenalidomide improves erythropoiesis in patients with low/intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome and interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 [del(5q)]. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of lenalidomide treatment on the reserves and functional characteristics of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor/precursor cells, bone marrow stromal cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with low/intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome with del(5q). DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the number and clonogenic potential of bone marrow erythroid/myeloid/megakaryocytic progenitor cells using clonogenic assays, the apoptotic characteristics and adhesion molecule expression of CD34(+) cells by flow cytometry, the hematopoiesis-supporting capacity of bone marrow stromal cells using long-term bone marrow cultures and the number and activation status of peripheral blood lymphocytes in ten patients with low/intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome with del(5q) receiving lenalidomide. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, lenalidomide treatment significantly decreased the proportion of bone marrow CD34+ cells, increased the proportion of CD36(+)/GlycoA(+) and CD36(-)/GlycoA(+) erythroid cells and the percentage of apoptotic cells within these cell compartments. Treatment significantly improved the clonogenic potential of bone marrow erythroid, myeloid, megakaryocytic colony-forming cells and increased the proportion of CD34(+) cells expressing the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD49d, CD54, CXCR4 and the SLAM antigen CD48. The hematopoiesis-supporting capacity of bone marrow stroma improved significantly following treatment, as demonstrated by the number of colony-forming cells and the level of stromal-derived factor-1 alpha and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in long-term bone marrow culture supernatants. Lenalidomide treatment also increased the proportion of activated peripheral blood T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of lenalidomide in patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome with del(5q) is associated with significant increases in the proportion of bone marrow erythroid precursor cells and in the frequency of clonogenic progenitor cells, a substantial improvement in the hematopoiesis-supporting potential of bone marrow stroma and significant alterations in the adhesion profile of bone marrow CD34(+) cells.

Isochromosome der(17)(q10)t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia resulting in an additional copy of the RARA-PML fusion gene: report of 4 cases and review of the literature.

Isochromosome of the long arm of the derivative chromosome 17, originating from the translocation t(15;17) [ider(17)(q10)t(15;17) or ider(17q)] in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), is a rare chromosome aberration which has been associated with a poor prognosis. In the present study, we report on 4 male APL patients with ider(17q) and review the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of all previously reported APL patients with ider(17q) in order to clarify the clinical features and outcome of these patients. The data presented in this study demonstrated that ider(17q), which resulted in an extra RARA-PML fusion gene, was more frequent in males than females (male/female ratio of 2.12/1), was associated with a rather low initial white blood cell count and did not confer an adverse prognosis in APL patients treated with all-trans-retinoic acid and chemotherapy. The most frequent additional chromosome change to ider(17q) was trisomy 8. Ider(17q) was observed in all subtypes of the PML-RARA fusion gene, but the frequency of the bcr1 subtype was increased. Cases of overrepresentation of the RARA-PML fusion gene and ider(17q) cases may help in elucidating the role of RARA-PML in leukemogenesis.

Totipotent stem cells bearing del(20q) maintain multipotential differentiation in Shwachman Diamond syndrome.

SBDS/7q11 gene mutations underlie the congenital Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS), characterized by bone marrow failure and high risk of haematological malignancies. In two cases of SDS with bone marrow failure and isolated del(20q) interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) found no abnormalities in FHIT/3p14.2, IKZF1/7p13, D7S486/7q31, PTEN/10q23.3, WT1/11p13, ATM/11q23, D13S25/13q14, TP53/17p13, NF1/17q11, SMAD2/18q21, RUNX1/21q22. Fluorescence immunophenotype combined with I-FISH found del(20q) in a totipotent haematopoietic stem cell (CD34(+), CD133(+)) and downstream myelocyte (CD33(+), CD14(+), CD13(+)), erythrocyte (Glycophorin A(+)) and lymphocyte lineages (CD19(+), CD20(+), CD3(+), CD7(+)). These findings and clinical follow-ups confirm the benign course of SDS with isolated del(20q).

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Q192R and L55M Polymorphisms as Potential Predisposition Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

BACKGROUND/AIM: PON1 gene has an executive role in antioxidant defense, protecting cells from genotoxic factors. Q192R and L55M PON1 polymorphisms reduce catalytic activity of the encoded protein. These polymorphisms were studied in 300 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and 106 healthy donors. They were also associated with patients' cytogenetic findings, to investigate their possible implication in CLL pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SNP genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Karyotypic analysis was also performed by chromosome G-banding analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Genotypic and allelic distribution of Q192R polymorphism showed a statistically significant higher frequency of mutant genotypes and mutant alleles in patients compared to controls. The same observation was noted in patients with abnormal karyotypes and those carrying abn14q32 and del(6q). A statistically increased frequency for the mutant allele was also revealed in patients with del(11q). On the contrary, L55M polymorphism showed a similar distribution between patients and controls. CONCLUSION: Q192R polymorphism plays a role in CLL predisposition and the formation of specific chromosomal aberrations.

Leukemias associated with Turner syndrome: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Cases of leukemia associated with Turner syndrome (TS) are rare. Here we report three TS patients with leukemia including one case of T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL), one rare case of coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) and one case of a patient with AML-M2 who received autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). T-LGL and coexistence of CLL and IMF associated with TS are reported for the first time while the last case represents the first report of SCT in a leukemia patient with TS. Our cases and the limited data of previously reported leukemia patients with TS suggest that TS is not associated with a specific type of leukemia and that presentation, clinical course and response to treatment are similar to that of the non-TS leukemia patients. However, these patients may have a higher risk of liver complications. Interestingly, in the mosaic TS patients, the abnormal clones were restricted to the monosomic 45,X cells, indicating that the leukemic clones possibly originate from the monosomic cell line. Even in cases with no additional chromosome abnormalities, the ratio of X/XX cells in bone marrow cells was significantly increased compared to that in constitutional karyotype, indicating that monosomic cells possibly provide a survival advantage for leukemia cells or that reduced programmed cell death may be responsible for the expansion of the monosomic cells.

Disruption of the ETV6 gene as a consequence of a rare translocation (12;12)(p13;q13) in treatment-induced acute myeloid leukemia after breast cancer.

We describe a case of treatment-induced acute myeloid leukemia M2 after breast cancer with a rare reciprocal t(12;12)(p13;q13) as a secondary cytogenetic abnormality in addition to the t(11;19)(q23;p13.1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that both ETV6 genes (previously TEL) were located on the same der(12)t(12;12) as a result of t(12;12). Interestingly, the translocated ETV6 gene was disrupted, indicating the breakpoint on the large der(12)t(12;12) to be within the ETV6 gene and thus the possible formation of a new fusion gene. CHOP gene at 12q13, was found to be translocated intact to the other homologue chromosome 12, indicating that the breakpoint on the small der(12) is proximal to CHOP. To the best of our knowledge, our patient represents the first report of the rare t(12;12)(p13;q13) described in treatment-induced leukemia and the possible formation of a new fusion gene.

5'RARA submicroscopic deletion from new variant translocation involving chromosomes 15, 17, and 18, in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Submicroscopic deletions of the PML-RARA fusion genes constitute rare rearrangements in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We describe a rare case of APL carrying a novel complex translocation involving chromosomes 15, 17, and 18 associated with a submicroscopic deletion of the 5' part of the RARA gene, as evidenced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A PML/RARA dual-fusion probe did not reveal the RARA-PML fusion signal on the der(17q), usually detected in the typical t(15;17). The RARA break-apart probe showed a deletion hybridization pattern with loss of the signal corresponding to the 5' portion of the RARA gene. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the absence of the fusion RARA-PML transcript. The patient achieved complete remission, but died during consolidation therapy, 2 months after diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of APL with a complex variant t(15;17) involving chromosome 18 at band q12 and one of the very rare described cases displaying a submicroscopic deletion of the RARA 5' region. Further cases are needed to delineate the incidence of submicroscopic deletions in APL and elucidate their prognostic impact.

ASXL1 mutations in AML are associated with specific clinical and cytogenetic characteristics.

Mutations of ASXL1 are early events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemogenesis and have been associated with unfavorable prognosis. In this study, we investigated the type and frequency of ASXL1 mutations in a large cohort of patients with de novo or secondary AML (s-AML) and looked for correlations with cytogenetic findings and disease features. ASXL1 mutations were associated with older age, s-AML and higher peripheral leukocytosis. We observed more frequent co-occurrence of ASXL1 mutations with trisomy 8 and chromosome 11 aberrations but a negative correlation with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)-related cytogenetic abnormalities, especially -5/del(5q) and -7/del(7q). ASXL1 mutations were also found in other genetically defined AML subgroups such as those with t(9;22), inv(3)/t(3;3), t(8;21) or t(15;17); however, none of our inv(16) cases carried ASXL1 mutations. We detected two previously unreported ASXL1 mutations, p.IIe593Val and p.Cys688Tyr. Our findings suggest that ASXL1 mutations tend to cluster with specific clinical and cytogenetic profiles of AML patients.

Switch in X-inactivation in a JAK2 V617F-negative case of polycythemia vera with two acquired X-autosome translocations.

We report a JAK2 V617F-negative case of polycythemia vera with two acquired balanced X-autosome translocations and no history of previous exposure to chemo/radiotherapy. The patient's first clone carried a novel translocation t(X;15)(q24;q13) as a sole abnormality. The second clone exhibited an additional translocation, t(X;20)(q13;q13.3), which is a rare recurrent abnormality in myeloid malignancies. This is the first report of a hematological disorder with both X chromosomes being translocated. Late replication studies revealed a switch in X-inactivation from the X chromosome involved in t(X;15) (first clone) to the X chromosome involved in the t(X;20)(q13;q13.3) (second clone). The inactivation of the translocated X chromosomes could provide potential for the inactivation of the adjacent autosomal regions, resulting in epigenetic gene silencing.

Translocation (X;12)(p11;p13) as a sole abnormality in biphenotypic acute leukemia.

A reciprocal t(X;12)(p11;p13) was found as the sole clonal abnormality in biphenotypic leukemia with myeloid and B-lymphoid differentiation. With fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, the ETV6 gene (previously TEL) was found to be translocated intact to the derivative X chromosome; no MLL and BCR/ABL rearrangements were found. The patient achieved complete remission after induction chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this cytogenetic aberration has not been reported previously as a sole abnormality in hematological malignancies. Its presence may suggest an important role in the pathogenesis of biphenotypic leukemia.

Possible Implication of GSTP1 and NQO1 Polymorphisms on Natalizumab Response in Multiple Sclerosis.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Inactivating polymorphism of genes encoding detoxification enzymes, such as NQO1 and GSTP1 could influence susceptibility to MS. The monoclonal antibody natalizumab is an effective treatment in MS. Natalizumab's efficacy in MS patients with regard to NQO1 and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms is investigated. 130 patients with definite MS according to the Mc Donald's criteria treated monthly with natalizumab were included in the study. MS patients were classified with regard to their clinical subtype, gender and clinical outcome after Natalizumab administration. GSTP1 and NQO1 genotyping was performed using Real-Time PCR and PCR-RFLP assays. Among our cohort of MS patients, 88.5% responded and 11.5% manifested clinical deterioration after natalizumab treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly increased frequency of double NQO1 and GSTP1 mutant polymorphisms in non responders compared to the responders. Therefore, patients who carry the wild type genotype or only one polymorphism for either NQO1 or GSTP1 gene have possibly a better clinical outcome after the natalizumab therapy. Our findings indicate that antioxidant efficiency might reflect a better clinical outcome after natalizumab administration. Hence, oxidative stress reduction might be another mechanism through which natalizumab exerts its protective effect.

Polymorphisms and haplotypes of the CYP2B6 detoxification gene in the predisposition of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and induction of its cytogenetic abnormalities.

CYP2B6 is a polymorphic detoxification gene which plays a vital role in the degradation of genotoxic compounds. In this study we hypothesized that inadequate detoxification due to CYP2B6 polymorphisms may contribute to AML. To evaluate the potential impact of CYP2B6 polymorphisms on AML development and induction of its specific chromosomal abnormalities we studied C777A and A785G polymorphisms for the first time in AML. Furthermore, we investigated the co-existence of the above polymorphisms with G516T polymorphism to determine the CYP2B6 high-risk haplotypes in AML susceptibility. Our study included 619 AML patients and 430 healthy donors. Concerning C777A CYP2B6 polymorphism, no significant difference was found between patients and controls. However, A785G CYP2B6 polymorphism showed a statistically higher frequency of the variant genotypes in patients (48.2%), mainly in secondary AML patients (49.1%) than in controls (26.1%). Moreover, an increased frequency of the variant genotypes was found in those with abnormal karyotypes, especially with -7/del(7q), -5/del(5q), +8, inv(16) and t(8;21). The combination of the three CYP2B6 polymorphisms (G516T, C777A & A785G) revealed seven haplotypes. Four out of six haplotypes with at least one mutant allele were significantly associated with an increased risk for AML. Interestingly, T516A777G785 haplotype, where the three mutant alleles co-existed, had ~3-fold increased risk to be found in patients than controls. The association between haplotypes and cytogenetic aberrations revealed a positive correlation between specific CYP2B6 haplotypes and AML cytogenetic abnormalities. Our data suggest that A785G CYP2B6 gene polymorphism and specific CYP2B6 haplotypes may contribute to AML and its specific chromosomal aberrations.

The hypereosinophilic syndrome: fluorescence in situ hybridization detects the del(4)(q12)-FIP1L1/PDGFRA but not genomic rearrangements of other tyrosine kinases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to WHO criteria, the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is defined as persistent eosinophilia (>1.5x10(9)/L) without underlying causes, which is associated with signs or symptoms of organ involvement. Increased bone marrow blasts (>5%) or cytogenetic/genetic markers indicate chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL). A cryptic deletion of 4q12, i.e. del(4)(q12), producing the FIP1L1/PDGFRA fusion gene, identifies a distinct CEL subgroup (4q-/CEL). Our aims were: a) to use interphase-fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect the cryptic 4q12 deletion; b) to compare the clinico-hematologic features of 4q-/CEL with other HES; c) to investigate whether PDGFRB, FGFR1, ABL1, and ETV6-activated tyrosine kinases are rearranged in CEL/HES. DESIGN AND METHODS: This multicenter study included 20 patients fulfilling the WHO criteria for HES and 6 patients without signs/symptoms of end-organ involvement. Double-color FISH was applied in all cases to investigate del(4)(q12). Further interphase-FISH assessed whether PDGFRB/5q33, FGFR1/8p11, ABL1/9q34, and ETV6/12p13, undergo rearrangements in HES. RESULTS: Ten of the 26 patients (9 males and 1 female) had a cryptic del(4)(q12)-FIP1L1/PDGFRA which was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in four. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were significantly more frequent in these 10 than in the other 16 patients. Seven of these 10 patients received imatinib mesylate therapy and all achieved hematologic remission. In 3 of the patients interphase-FISH and RT-PCR demonstrated cytogenetic and molecular remission. Improvements were observed in signs and symptoms of cardiac and central nervous system involvement in 2 and 1 patient, respectively. Rearrangements of PDGFRB, FGFR1, ABL1, or ETV6 were not detected in this study. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: FISH is a reliable diagnostic test for differentiating 4q-/CEL from other forms of HES, allowing an early diagnosis of good responders to imatinib mesylate therapy. For the first time we show that PDGFRB, FGFR1, ABL1 and ETV6 are not rearranged in HES and 4q-/CEL cases we studied.

Leukemic recombinations involving heterochromatin in myeloproliferative disorders with t(1;9).

The unbalanced t(1;9) is a rare, recurrent rearrangement in polycythemia vera (PV) resulting in trisomy of both 1q and 9p arms, whereas a balanced t(1;9)(q12;q12), to our knowledge, has never been reported before. We studied two patients with PV and one with idiopathic myelofibrosis bearing an unbalanced t(1;9) and one patient with essential thrombocythemia with a balanced t(1;9). In all cases fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the breakpoints were located within the satellite II family of heterochromatin of chromosome 1 and the satellite III of chromosome 9. Heterochromatin breakage and reunion produce the unbalanced t(1;9) and may contribute to a gene dosage effect due to gains of 1q and 9p. Case 4 with the balanced t(1;9), however, suggests that translocation of heterochromatin close to critical genes could interfere with their function. The molecular event underlying juxtaposition of satellite II of chromosome 1 and the satellite III of chromosome 9 remains to be elucidated.

Partial duplication of the MLL oncogene in patients with aggressive acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: MLL translocations generate a fusion gene between the 5' end of MLL and the 3' end of different partner genes. Several chromosomal mechanisms including complex and cryptic changes lead to these recombinations. Our objective was to analyze the molecular composition of chromosomes in complex karyotypes with specific MLL translocations. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in two acute leukemias (AL), one acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M5a, and one treatment-related-AL (t-AL), to investigate the nature of complex changes accompanying the respective t(9;11)(p22;q23)-MLL/AF9 and t(11;16)(q23;p13.3)-MLL/CBP. RESULTS: In the case with the MLL/AF9 chimeric transcript, duplication of a der(1) originated from an additional unbalanced translocation between the der(9)t(9;11) and a chromosome 1. The 5'AF9/3'MLL chimeric gene was present on both der(1). In the second case, there was a t(11;16)(q23;p13.3) producing one der(11) and two der(16) which derived from both homologs. One der(16) was present in multiple copies all containing the 5'CBP/3'MLL fusion gene. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: In both cases the 3' end of MLL was present in multiple copies. Mitotic recombination and non-disjunction may underlie the extra derivatives in both cases. In this genomic imbalance not only the 5'MLL but also the 3'end of MLL could play a critical role in the leukemic process.

Occurrence of a variant Philadelphia translocation, t(10;22), in de novo acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) in adults is a very rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is characterized by a larger diversity of chromosomal abnormalities than the other subtypes, including 3q21q26 changes, aberrations of chromosomes 5 and 7, and the t(9;22)(q34;q11). We report the case of a 24-year-old patient with de novo AMegL and thrombocythemic cell count. Diagnosis was established with a bone marrow biopsy, and cytogenetics with G-banding revealed a t(10;22), which by FISH, was found to be a variant Philadelphia translocation involving chromosome 10q in all 20 metaphases analyzed. We believe that this is the first report of de novo AMegL with this chromosomal abnormality, and its possible correlation with morphology and thrombocytosis is discussed.

A novel dic(1;10) in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

We report on a case of refractory anemia with trilineage dysplasia and an unbalanced der(1)t(1;10) that resulted in trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q) and monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 10 (10p). Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the rearranged chromosome contained the centromeres of both chromosomes 1 and 10, leading to a dic(1;10). To our knowledge, a dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 1 and 10 has never been described in hematological malignancies.