Biochemical characterization of connective tissue reaction to synthetic polymer implants.

The present review is concerned with the significance and prospects of the use of biochemical methods to characterize connective tissue reaction to implanted synthetic polymer materials. The necessity of carrying out complex quantitative analysis of capsules developing around the implants in order to elucidate qualitative peculiarities of the reaction and to objectify the assessment of the reactogeneity of the material is emphasized.

[Molecular heterogeneity of the collagen from the skin of white rats in the early postnatal period]. / Molekuliarnaia geterogennost' kollagena kozhi belykh krys v rannem postnatal'nom periode.

Content and biosynthesis of collagens of I and III types were studied in skin of 5 and 50 days old rats. The ratio of collagens of the I and III types was equal to 17.84 in the skin of 5 days old rats and to -- 13.42 in the tissue of 50 days old rats. The collagen biosynthesis was studied using 14C-glycine incorporation. The ratio of 14C-collagens of the I and III types was equal to 47.53 and 50.03 in the skin of 5- and 50 days old animals, respectively. The data obtained showed occurrence of collagen III biosynthesis of comparatively low rate in rat skin within the postnatal period. The phenotypic modulation of biosynthesis of these collagen types exhibited the step-like pattern in the change from embryogenesis to postnatal development of rats.

[Biochemical changes in the connective tissue components of malignant tumors and lungs in mice during metastatic spreading and chemotherapy]. / Biokhimicheskie izmeneniia soedinitel'notkannykh komponentov zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii i legkikh u myshei pri metastazirovanii i primenenii khimiopreparatov.

The highest content of hydroxyproline, hexuronic acids and hexoses was found in nonmetastatic tumor tissue Ca 755 of mice as compared with metastatic neoplasms carcinoma 3LL and melanoma B-16. Development of melanoma B-16 metastases involved the active lung stromal reaction, while carcinoma 3LL metastatic spreading did not cause any distinct connective tissue reactions in lungs. Non-toxic doses of drugs, operating via dissimilar mechanisms (cyclophosphane, trielin, parmidine), resulted in similar alterations of the connective tissue components studied in primary tumors of both carcinoma 3LL and melanoma B-16. Content of hydroxyproline, hexuronic acids and hexoses was increased in lung tissue of mice with carcinoma 3LL, simultaneously with distinct inhibition of metastases development after administration of these drugs. The chemotherapeutic treatment did not increase the stromal reaction of lungs with metastases of melanoma B-16 and its antimetastatic effect was less distinct as compared with carcinoma 3LL.

[Biochemical characteristics of skeletal tumors]. / Biokhimicheskaia kharakteristika opukholei skeleta.

Tissues of 38 varieties of human skeletal tumors were studied by a complex of biochemical assays. It was found that such biochemical parameter as concentration of connective tissue components points to the degree of malignancy. The peculiarities of biochemical characteristics of skeletal tumors are of importance in differential diagnosis and may be used in the examination of tissue specimens obtained by biopsy or during surgery.

[Analysis of the mechanism of the ulcerostatic effect of tris-[2-hydroxyethyl] ammonium salt of iron-containing polyacrylic acid]. / Analiz mekhanizma ul'tserostaticheskogo deistviia tris-[2-oksiétil] ammoniinoi soli zhelezosoderzhashchei poliakrilovoi kisloty.

It was demonstrated in experiments on rats with acetate gastric ulcer that ammonium salt tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) of iron-containing polyacrylic acid intensifies the development of granulation-fibrous tissue and promotes fuller restoration of connective-tissue polymers--collagen, noncollagenous proteins, and glycosaminoglycans in it. The biochemical results are confirmed by histological studies.

[A comparative investigation of acetylsalicyclic acid and indirect anticoagulants for the prophylaxis of venous thromboses in patients with an orthopedic-traumatologic case history (author's transl)]. / Eine vergleichende Untersuchung über Acetylsalicylsäure und indirekte Antikoagulantien zur Prophylaxe venöser Thombosen bei einem orthopädisch-traumatologischen Krankengut

The efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid as a general prophylactic for thromboembolic complications in bedridden adult patients with bone injuries and osteotomies was investigated. The results were compared with a control group and a group of patients receiving indirect anticoagulants. A statistically significant difference in the frequency of thromboembolic complications between the group receiving acetylsalicylic acid and the control group could not be established. The group receiving indirect anticoagulants showed a tenfold decrease in phlebothromboses and a fourteenfold decrease in pulmonary complications when compared with the control group. Even in high doses, acetylsalicylic acid is less reliable than anticoagulation therapy for the prophylaxis of venous thromboses and embolic pulmonary complications.

[A biochemical analysis of the possible mechanisms of the ulcerostatic action of atranes]. / Biokhimicheskii analiz vozmozhnykh mekhanizmov ul'tserostaticheskogo deistviia atranov.

Stimulatory effect of metalloatrans on the development of stomach wall connective tissue components was examined in rats with experimental acetate ulcer. Metalloatrans were shown to inhibit peroxide oxidation processes of lipids in blood and stomach tissue.

[Reactions of the connective-tissue components of the skin of rats to electrostatic fields]. / Reaktsii soedinitel'notkannykh komponentov kozhi krys na deistvie élektrostaticheskikh polei.

The skin connective tissue of rats exposed to a 60 kV/m or 90 kV/m electrostatic field for 3, 14 or 30 days was investigated biochemically and histochemically. The experiments were carried out on 60 male Wistar rats in a condensation-type chamber. This exposure produced certain biochemical changes in the skin. The exposure to a 60 kV/m field was accompanied by a rapid adaptation: minor biochemical changes in the skin returned to normal by the end of the experiment. The exposure to a 90 kV/m field produced biochemical changes that were initially transient and later transformed to distinct shifts in the concentrations of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers. This was indicative of a mismatch in their synthesis and degradation and dysfunction of skin connective tissue structures.

[The ulcerostatic effect of the exopolysaccharide from Bacillus mucilaginosus and its possible mechanisms]. / Ul'tserostaticheskii éffekt ékzopolisakharida slizeobrazuiushchikh batsill i ego vozmozhnye mekhanizmy.

The stimulatory action of Bacillus mucilaginosus exopolysaccharide on proliferative processes in experimental gastric ulcer healing. With the drug, the levels of collagen, noncollagen proteins, glycosaminoglycans, DNA, and RNA in the ulcer tissue.

[Solcoseryl: Ulcerostatic effect and possible mechanisms]. / Solkoseril: ul'tserostaticheskii éfekt i ego vozmozhnye mekhanizmy.

It is shown that the level of DNA, RNA, collagen, non-collagen proteins, hexoses and glycosaminoglycans is changed when making the experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Solcoseryl stabilises the level of DNA, RNA and collagen, stimulating the reparation processes in ulcer.

[Use of silatranes in combination with Vishnevskii'n ointment in wound treatment]. / Ispol'zovanie silatranov v sochetanii s maz'iu Vishnevskogo dlia lecheniia ran.

Experiments on rats were performed to study the effect of I-/chlormethyl/silatrane and I-/ethoxy/silatrane as well as that of triethanolamine and /chlormethyl/triethoxysilane on the biochemical characteristics of granular-fibrous tissue. The drugs were applied to the wound in the form of liniments. Silatranes stimulated cell proliferation and raised biosynthetic activity of the cells. They also favoured collagen and non-collagenous protein accumulation and reduced the inflammatory manifestations. The silicon-containing fragment of the silatrane molecule, /chlormethyl/triethoxysilane, produced an analogous but less pronounced action. Triethanolamine containing no silicon appeared to be far less active. These data indicate that the presence of silicon in the silatrane grouping is of great importance for its effective biological function.

[Silatranes as stimulators of the development of granulation tissue]. / Silatrany kak stimuliatory razvitiia granuliatsionnoi tkani.

Experiments on rats were made to study the effect of I-(chloromethyl) silatrane and I- (ethoxy) silatrane and that of triethanolamine and chloromethyl triethoxysilane on biochemical parameters of granular-fibrous tissue. The preparations were applied to a wound defect in the form of liniments. Silatranes were found to stimulate proliferation of the cells and to increase their biosynthetic activity, to favour accumulation of collagen and non-collagenic proteins, and reduction of the inflammatory phenomena. The silicon-containing fragment of the silatrane molecule chloromethyl triethoxysilane produced an analogous but less marked action. Triethanolamine containing no silicon was found to be as less active. These data indicate that silicon entering the silatrane grouping is of great importance for the occurrence of its biological activity.

[Effect of 1-(chloromethyl)silatrane on biochemical indices in the tissue of experimental gastric ulcer]. / Vliianie 1-(khlormetil)silatrana na biokhimicheskie pokazateli tkani éksperimental'noi iazvy zheludka.

It has been demonstrated in rats with experimental gastric ulcer that 1-(chloromethyl) silatrane intensifies the development of granulation-fibrous tissue and favours optimization of the ratio of collagens and glycosaminoglycans, the main connective tissue biopolymers. Furthermore, 1-(chloromethyl) silatrane produces a more pronounced effect on hexosamine-containing glycoproteins in the ulcer tissue as compared with methyluracil and oxyferriscorbon. At the same time, judging by the time course of sialoproteins, the antiulcerous drugs, methyluracil and oxyferriscorbon, are much more effective antiinflammatory agents than 1-(chloromethyl)silatrane.

[Effect of silicoorganic compounds on protein biosynthesis in granulation-fibrous tissue]. / Vliianie kremniiorganicheskikh soedinenii na biosintez belkov v granuliatsionno-fibroznoi tkani.

The authors studied the effect of propoxysilatran (POS) on the biosynthesis of the main connective tissue biopolymeres. The use of POS in the form of 0.5 and 2.0% ointments on lanolin-vaseline base caused stimulation of cellular proliferation in the granulation fibrous tissue developing in the open skin defects of albino rats. Stimulation of cellular proliferation in these animals was accompanied by increase of collagen biosynthesis and of noncollagen proteins. In concentrations of 10(-3)--10(-4) M POS caused intensification of collagen biosynthesis (formation of peptide-bound nondialyzed 14C-oxyproline) in vitro in the cartilage tissue of chick embryos. Thus, silatrans are biologically-active substances producing a regulating effect on the course of the reparative-proliferative processes in the connective tissue.