Perinatal deaths preventable by intervention of the Unified Health System of Brazil. / Óbitos perinatais evitáveis por intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of perinatal deaths through the actions of the Unified Health System. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of temporal analysis with a population of perinatal deaths of mothers residing in Recife, Brazil, from 2010 to 2014. A list was used to classify the preventable diseases and the variables were analysed using Epi lnfo™ version 7. RESULTS: The perinatal deaths totalled 1,756 (1,019 foetal and 737 neonatal premature) with a reduction of neonatal deaths (-15.8%) and an increase of foetal deaths (12.1%) in the study period. The main causes of death were foetus and newborn affected by the mother´s condition and asphyxia/hypoxia at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Most deaths were avoidable, especially in the group of appropriate care to mothers during pregnancy. Faults in the care provided to women at birth explain the percentage of deaths caused by asphyxia/hypoxia. The reduction of preventable perinatal mortality is associated with the increased access and quality of care, which ensures health promotion, disease prevention, treatment and specific and timely care.

Temporal trend in fetal mortality according to two death avoidability classifications.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of fetal mortality and its components, of avoidable and ill-defined causes according to two avoidability classifications in Recife, Pernambuco, 2010-2021. METHOD: Ecological study of temporal trends of fetal mortality in Recife, 2010-2021. The Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Death for fetal deaths (LBE-OF) and Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Death for children under five years of age (LBE < 5) were used. The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze the temporal trends. RESULTS: Trends in fetal mortality and its components were stationary. The group of avoidable causes presented higher mortality rates in both classifications, with an increasing trend according to the LBE-OF (Annual Percentage Change-APC: 2,1; p = 0,018) and stationary according to the LBE < 5. There was a decreasing trend in mortality from ill-defined causes only according to the LBE-OF (APC: -12,3; p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: The results showed the stagnation of the temporal trend in fetal mortality, the avoidability of most deaths, and the potential of LBE-OF in monitoring the quality of information on the basic causes and avoidability of fetal deaths.

Physical/functional rehabilitation in Brazil: spatiotemporal analysis of the offer in the Public Healthcare System. / Reabilitação física/funcional no Brasil: análise espaço-temporal da oferta no Sistema Único de Saúde.

The complex epidemiological profile of Brazil, the aging population and the proportion of individuals with disabilities have led to a substantial increase in the demand for rehabilitation. The spatiotemporal distribution of the offer of physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy in the Brazilian public healthcare system from 2007 to 2019 was analyzed for the five macro-regions of the country. Data from the National Register of Health Establishments and census estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. Indicators of the offer of professionals in these fields services and relative changes in the offer were calculated. The spatial distribution of the relative change in the offer was also determined. A regression model with inflection points was adopted for the analysis of the temporal trend. A growing temporal trend was found in the offer of the three professionals in Brazil as a whole and in all regions of the country, but with a slowdown in growth. Differences were observed in the offer among the regions of the country, revealing healthcare inequality that needs to be overcome. The present findings can assist in planning to expand access to rehabilitation services in the country.

O complexo perfil epidemiológico do país, o envelhecimento populacional e a proporção de pessoas com deficiência apontam para o aumento substancial da demanda por reabilitação. Nesse contexto, foi analisada a distribuição espaço-temporal da oferta de profissionais de fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e terapia ocupacional no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2007 a 2019 nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Foram utilizados dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos em Saúde, as estimativas censitárias do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e calculados os indicadores da oferta potencial de profissionais e sua evolução relativa. Foi realizada a distribuição espacial da evolução relativa da oferta potencial de profissionais. Para a análise da tendência temporal, adotou-se o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão. Houve tendência temporal crescente na oferta potencial das três categorias profissionais no Brasil e em todas as regiões, mas com uma desaceleração do crescimento. Observaram-se diferenciais entre as profissões e as regiões do país, representando um quadro de desigualdade de oferta que precisa ser superado. Resultados que podem subsidiar o controle social e o planejamento nacional para a ampliação do acesso aos serviços de reabilitação.

Avoidable deaths in the first 24 hours of life: health care reflexes.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the risks of deaths in the first 24 hours of life and their preventable causes. METHODS: cross-sectional study carried out in Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil, between 2000-2019, with mortality and live birth data. The avoidability was analyzed through the Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Deaths due to Interventions of the Unified Health System. For the statistical analyses, Pearson's chi-squared test and relative and attributable risks were used. RESULTS: 13,601 deaths were registered, of which 10,497 (77.19%) were from preventable causes. Of the total, 5,513 (40.53%) were reducible through adequate care for women during pregnancy. The lower the gestational age, birth weight and education level, the higher the relative and attributable risk of death in the first 24 hours of life. CONCLUSIONS: most of the deaths were considered avoidable and with high relative and attributable risks. These early deaths suggest care failures and the need to reinforce prevention and treatment measures.

[Neonatal near miss in referral hospitals for high-risk pregnancy and childbirth: a cross-sectional study]. / Near miss neonatal em hospitais de referência para gestação e parto de alto risco: estudo transversal.

The article aimed to describe and compare indicators of neonatal near miss in referral hospitals for high-risk pregnancy and childbirth. This exploratory study was performed in two general hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study included cases of neonatal near miss in the year 2016 with gestational age < 33 weeks, birthweight < 1,750g, 5-minute Apgar < 7, or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) and that remained alive at 7 days of life. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Information System on Live Births, Mortality Information System, Hospital Information System, and National Registry of Healthcare Establishments to characterize all live births at the institutions, cases of near miss, and availability of technology. Neonatal near miss and early neonatal mortality rates were calculated. The Pernambuco Maternal-Child Institute (IMIP) received the most serious cases and had the highest neonatal near miss rate (119.21 per thousand live births; p = 0.009) and early neonatal mortality rate (35.22 per thousand live births; p < 0.001). The University Hospital had the highest proportion of neonatal ICU admissions (76% of the near miss cases; p < 0.001). Neonatal near miss rates differed between the hospitals and are useful for surveillance of neonatal care in healthcare institutions, but they require attention to the local profile and context when the objective is to perform evaluations with classification. The findings reflect the complexity of assessing different health services.

O objetivo do artigo foi descrever e comparar indicadores de near miss neonatal em hospitais de referência para gestação e parto de alto risco. É um estudo exploratório, transversal, realizado em dois hospitais gerais localizados na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Considerou-se casos de near miss neonatal os recém-nascidos do ano de 2016 com idade gestacional < 33 semanas ou peso ao nascer < 1.750g ou Apgar no 5º minuto de vida < 7 ou internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal, e que permaneceram vivos até 7 dias de vida. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e sobre Mortalidade, do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, para caracterizar todos os nascidos vivos das instituições, os casos de near miss e a disponibilidade de tecnologia. Calculou-se os indicadores de near miss neonatal e a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce. O Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira acolheu a clientela de maior gravidade, apresentou maior taxa de near miss neonatal (119,21 por mil nascidos vivos; p = 0,009) e de mortalidade neonatal precoce (35,22 por mil nascidos vivos; p < 0,001). O Hospital das Clínicas registrou a maior proporção de internações em UTI neonatal (76% dos casos; p < 0,001). Os indicadores de near miss neonatal demonstraram diferenças entre os hospitais analisados, sendo úteis para a vigilância da assistência neonatal em instituições de saúde, mas necessitam de atenção ao perfil e contexto local quando a intenção é realizar avaliações classificatórias. Os achados mostram a complexidade de avaliar diferentes serviços de saúde.

El objetivo del artículo fue describir y comparar indicadores de near miss neonatal en hospitales de referencia para el embarazo y parto de alto riesgo. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, transversal, realizado en dos hospitales generales, localizados en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se consideraron casos de near miss neonatal a los recién nacidos del año 2016, con una edad gestacional < 33 semanas o peso al nacer < 1.750g o Apgar en el 5º minuto de vida < 7 o internamiento en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal y que permanecieron vivos hasta los 7 días de vida. Los datos se extrajeron del Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos y sobre Mortalidad, del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria y Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud para caracterizar a todos los nacidos vivos de las instituciones, los casos de near miss y la disponibilidad de tecnología. Se calcularon los indicadores de near miss neonatal y la tasa de mortalidad neonatal precoz. El Instituto de Medicina Integral Profesor Fernando Figueira acogió a pacientes de mayor gravedad, presentó una mayor tasa de near miss neonatal (119,21 por mil nacidos vivos; p = 0,009) y de mortalidad neonatal precoz (35,22 por mil nacidos vivos; p < 0,001). El Hospital de las Clínicas obtuvo mayor proporción de internamientos en UTI neonatal (76% de los casos de near miss; p < 0,001). Los indicadores de near miss neonatal demostraron diferencias entre los hospitales analizados, siendo útiles para la vigilancia de la asistencia neonatal en instituciones de salud, pero que necesitan atención respecto al perfil y contexto local, cuando la intención es realizar evaluaciones clasificatorias. Los resultados muestran la complejidad de evaluar diferentes servicios de salud.

Evolution of the provision of speech therapists in the Brazilian public healthcare system: study on correlations with social indictors in the last decade. / Evolução da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS: um estudo sobre a correlação com os indicadores sociais no Brasil na última década.

PURPOSE: Investigate the correlation between the provision of speech therapists in the Brazilian public healthcare system and social indicators between 2007 and 2016. METHODS: An ecological study was conducted. The units of analysis were the 27 federative units of Brazil. Indicators of the provision of speech therapists in public healthcare and the relative evolution of this provision in the period as well as the Human Development Index and Gini Index related to the year 2010 were analyzed. Correlations were investigated using Spearman's test (α = 5%). RESULTS: In 2007, the provision of speech therapists in the public healthcare system was 3.55/105 residents, with the lowest indicator in the state of Amazonas and the highest in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 2016, this indicator nearly doubled in the country; the lowest indicator was again in the state of Amazonas and the highest was in the state of Piauí. An important relative evolution occurred in the provision of speech therapists in Brazil in the period analyzed, with significant variation among the federative units. A negative correlation was found between the relative evolution in the last decade and the Human Development Index and a positive correlation was found with the Gini Index. CONCLUSION: The increase in the provision of speech therapists in the Brazilian public healthcare system was greater in federative units with lower human development and a greater concentration of income. Despite this, the results from 2016 showed the maintenance of the status quo, with a greater provision in federative units with greater human development.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a correlação entre a oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e os indicadores sociais no Brasil, entre 2007 e 2016. MÉTODO: Estudo ecológico, cujas unidades de análise foram as 27 Unidades Federativas (UFs) do país. Foram calculados os indicadores da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS e a evolução relativa desta oferta no período, bem como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e o Índice de Gini, ambos referentes ao ano de 2010. A correlação foi investigada utilizando o teste de Spearman, com α=5%. RESULTADOS: Em 2007, a oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS foi de 3,55/105 habitantes, com o menor indicador no Amazonas e o maior no Mato Grosso do Sul. Em 2016, este indicador quase dobrou no país, com permanência do menor valor no Amazonas e o maior no Piauí. Ocorreu uma importante evolução relativa da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no Brasil, neste período, com significativas variações entre as UFs. Houve correlação negativa entre a evolução relativa na última década e o IDH, e positiva com o Índice de Gini. CONCLUSÃO: A evolução da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS foi maior nas unidades federativas com menor desenvolvimento humano e maior concentração de renda. Não obstante, os resultados referentes a 2016 mostraram a manutenção do status quo, com a maior oferta naquelas unidades federativas com maior desenvolvimento humano.

Minor Structural Alterations of the Vocal Fold Cover: Vocal Quality before and after Treatment.

Introduction Minor structural alterations of the vocal fold cover are important causes of dysphonia. The variability in the type of alteration and the grade of vocal deviation affects the definition of the conduit and the results of treatment. Objective To characterize the occurrence, the selected treatments adopted and vocal quality before and after treatment in patients with minor structural alterations of the vocal folds cover. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on the records of patients treated by an interdisciplinary team at the laryngology outpatient clinic of a public university hospital from 2010 to 2018. Data collection consisted of access to a database of information on otorhinolaryngological diagnostic hypotheses, intervention and perceptual-auditory vocal assessments before and after the treatment. Data from 102 subjects were analyzed. Association tests were applied between the perceptual-auditory vocal results and the different alterations found and between these and the adopted treatments. The results of the degrees of vocal deviation before and after treatment were also compared. Results The degree of roughness was associated with the sulcus vocalis, and in this alteration the highest occurrence was mild degree of roughness. There was an improvement in the breathiness and general grade of vocal deviation after treatment. Conclusion Cysts were the most frequent structural alteration in the population studied. There was an association between the degree of general deviation and that of roughness in sulcus vocalis cases. The breathiness and the general grade of vocal deviation improved after treatment regardless of the type of treatment and alteration.

ERRATUM: "Evolution of speech therapists supply in SUS: a study about the correlation with social indicatiors in Brazil in the last decade". / ERRATA: "Evolução da oferta de Fonoaudiólogos no SUS: um estudo sobre a correlação com os indicadores sociais no Brasil na última década".

[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202019243] [This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202019243].

EARLY NEONATAL NEAR MISS IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL: COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: To compare 2012 and 2016 data on early neonatal near miss indicators from Health Information Systems at a university hospital. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 and 2016. We considered early neonatal near misses the live births that presented one of the following risk conditions at birth: gestational age <33 weeks, birth weight <1,750g or 5-minute Apgar score <7, or Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission, and were alive until the 7th day of life. Data were collected from the Live Birth Information System, Hospital Information System, and Mortality Information System. We calculated the early neonatal mortality rate, neonatal near miss rate, severe neonatal outcome rate, early neonatal survival index, and early neonatal mortality index, compared by year of birth. RESULTS: In 2012, 304 early neonatal near misses were registered, with a higher proportion of cases with very low birth weight and mothers who had zero to three prenatal visits. In 2016, the number of cases was 243, with a predominance of more NICU admissions. The incidence of early neonatal deaths and early neonatal near misses was higher in 2012 than in 2016. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal near miss indicators identified difference between years. The cases were more severe in 2012 and there were more NICU admissions in 2016.

Spatial analysis of inequalities in fetal and infant mortality due to avoidable causes.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze social inequalities in spatial distribution of fetal and infant mortality by avoidable causes and identify the areas of greater risk of occurrence. METHODS: avoidable deaths of fetal and infant residents of Recife/Brazil were studied. The rates of avoidable fetal and infant mortality were calculated for two five-year periods, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015. The scan statistics was used for spatial analysis and related to the social deprivation index. RESULTS: out of the total 2,210 fetal deaths, 80% were preventable. Avoidable fetal mortality rates increased by 8.1% in the five-year periods. Of the 2,846 infant deaths, 74% were avoidable, and the infant mortality rate reduced by 0.13%. CONCLUSIONS: in the spatial analysis, were identified clusters with higher risk for deaths. The social deprivation index showed sensibility with areas of worse living conditions.

Access to speech-language pathology therapy and continuity of assistance in Primary Health Care for victims of motorcycle accidents. / Acesso à reabilitação fonoaudiológica e a continuidade do cuidado pela Atenção Primária em Saúde para vítimas de acidente de motocicleta.

PURPOSE: To verify the access to speech-language pathology (SLP) therapy and continuity of assistance in Primary Health Care (PHC) for victims of motorcycle accidents. METHODS: A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted at a large hospital in the city of Recife, Pernanbuco state, Brazil. Among the 99 victims recruited between June and July 2014, 30 had SLP complaints as a result of the accidents. After hospital discharge, all victims were contacted for investigation of the SLP rehabilitation process. Absolute and relative frequencies were used for the analysis in PHC, and data were displayed in tables for the therapy cases. RESULTS: Among the 30 individuals who reported having alterations of the stomatognathic system, eight were undergoing rehabilitation and 18 reported residing in an area covered by the Family Health Strategy (primary care modality). Seeking and obtaining continuity of treatment (medication and bandaging) in primary care were frequent; in contrast, home visits were less frequent. The main obstacles to access SLP therapy were distance to the service and waiting time to begin treatment. CONCLUSION: This study identified obstacles that hamper access to SLP therapy in PHC, such as the low frequency of home visits, contributing to the fragmentation of continuous and complete care for victims.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o acesso à reabilitação fonoaudiológica e a continuidade do cuidado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em vítimas de acidente de motocicleta. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo realizado em um hospital de grande porte localizado em Recife-Pernambuco, recrutado entre o período de junho e julho de 2014. Após a alta hospitalar todos foram contatados para investigação do processo de reabilitação fonoaudiológica. Para o estudo na Atenção Primária à Saúde, foram utilizadas medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa. Já os casos em reabilitação foram descritos através de quadros. RESULTADOS: Foi verificado que 99 indivíduos foram vítimas de acidentes por motocicletas no período estudado. Desses, 30 entrevistados referiram ter essas queixas de alteração no sistema estomatognático, dos quais 8 estavam em reabilitação e 18 referiram residir em área adstrita a Unidade de Saúde da Família. Os principais obstáculos para o acesso à fonoterapia apontados foram a distância aos serviços de Fonoaudiologia e o tempo de espera para início do tratamento. Um dos aspectos relacionados à continuidade do cuidado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, como a busca e obtenção de insumos, foi visto como frequente. Ao contrário da visita domiciliar, menos frequente. CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados obstáculos que dificultaram o acesso à fonoterapia, assim como fragilidades nos cuidados dispensados pela Atenção Primária, como a visita domiciliar, contribuindo para a fragmentação do cuidado contínuo e integral às vítimas.

Larynx cancer mortality in the State of Pernambuco - Brazil - 2000-2004.

UNLABELLED: The larynx is considered a site of the greatest occurrence of head and neck neoplasias, and for cancer studies, mortality is one of the most reliable health indicators. AIM: To study the mortality by laryngeal cancer in Pernambuco during 2000-2004. STUDY FORMAT: Contemporary cross-sectional cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We considered all deaths by laryngeal cancer in residents of Pernambuco State between 2000 and 2004, taken from the State's Mortality Information System (SIM/SUS). The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, with the results expressed in tables, graphs and maps, using Excel version 2000 and the EpiInfo version 6.04 b software. RESULTS: There was little variation in the mortality coefficient in the years considered for study. The Sertão Mesoregion had the highest number of deaths and Fernando de Noronha island had the highest mortality rate. The patient profile found was: men, between 60-69 years, brown color, married, with low literacy, who died in a hospital setting. CONCLUSION: We found mortality stability and heterogeneity among the cities. The mortality profile according to social variables corroborates data found in other Brazilian States, except for race/color.

NEONATAL MORBIDITY NEAR MISS IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN A CAPITAL OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize near miss neonatal morbidity in tertiary hospitals in a capital city of Northeast Brazil based on Health Information Systems, and to identify differences regarding indicators of near miss cases, allowing the surveillance of newborns with risk of death. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out in hospitals with neonatal intensive care unit, whose neonatal near miss cases in 2012 were identified from a deterministic linkage between the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. The biological variables of children, variables related to maternal characteristics and indicators of near miss were calculated by type of service and hospital. Biological variables of children, variables related to maternal characteristics and near miss indicators were calculated by service type and hospital and then compared by ratio difference test, parametric and non-parametric tests for measures of central tendency. RESULTS: Of 24,254 live births, 2,098 cases of neonatal morbidity near miss were identified, most of them concentrated in the public hospitals (89.9%). The combination of birth weight and gestational age had the largest number of cases in both segments, public (43.5%) and private (46%). Variations in neonatal near miss indicators were observed between hospitals, which suggests assistance problems. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of neonatal near miss, its applicability with data from Health Information Systems, and its indicators are a preliminary tool to monitor hospital care for newborns by signaling health services that require in-depth evaluation and investments for quality improvement.

Acessibilidade geográfica aos serviços de reabilitação de crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika / Geographical accessibility to rehabilitation services of children with congenital zika syndrome

Resumo Introdução Alterações neurológicas em crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika (SCZ) repercutem em atrasos no desenvolvimento e deformidades, levando à necessidade da assistência aos serviços de reabilitação. Objetivo Analisar a acessibilidade geográfica de crianças com SCZ na Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR) e compará-la com a otimizada (distância mais próxima entre a residência da criança e o serviço). Método Estudo descritivo, incluindo 51 crianças com SCZ que residiam na RMR. Utilizaram-se questionários semiestruturados com dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e informações dos serviços de reabilitação utilizados pela criança. Elaboraram-se mapas de distribuição espacial e fluxos pelo Sistema de Informação Geográfica QGis e análises descritivas do perfil da amostra, usando SPSS 20.0. Resultados A maioria era de crianças que viviam em locais de vulnerabilidade, considerando a renda como indicador. Quanto à acessibilidade, os serviços de reabilitação estavam concentrados na cidade do Recife, levando 37,3% das crianças a percorrer acima de 15 km até os serviços. Verificou-se que numa acessibilidade otimizada, 52,9% percorreriam entre 1 e 5 km. Conclusão Uma reorganização dos serviços para garantir maior facilidade de acessibilidade a essas crianças é necessária e imprescindível para garantia de melhor acompanhamento e assistência dessas famílias em longo prazo.

Abstract Background Neurological changes in children with congenital zika virus syndrome (CZS) have delays in development and deformities, leading to the need care for rehabilitation services Objective This study aims to analyze the geographical accessibility of children with CZS in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR), and to compare such with the optimized (closest distance between the child's residence and the service). Method It is a descriptive study, including 51 CZS who resided in the RMR. The instruments used were semi structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data, economic and information from the centers attended by the child. Spatial distribution maps and flows were prepared by the Geographic Information System-QGis and descriptive analyzes of the sample profile, using SPSS 20.0. Results The majority were children who lived in locales of socioeconomic vulnerability. As for the accessibility, it was noted that the rehabilitation services which received these children were concentrated in the city of Recife, leading 37.3% of children to travel over 15 km to services. However, the optimal accessibility, 52,9% would be between 1 and 5 km. Conclusion A reorganization of these services to facilitate accessibility to these children, as well as a follow-up towards better tending to these families in the long term.

Epidemiological investigation of perinatal deaths in Recife-Pernambuco: a quality assessment.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the completeness of perinatal death investigation sheets, stratified by age components. METHOD: descriptive study carried out in Recife, PE, in 2014. Among 308 perinatal deaths, 46 were excluded from this study due to association with congenital malformations, and 7 due to missing investigation sheets. Analysis included 255 deaths (160 fetal deaths, and 95 preterm neonatal deaths). The degree of completeness of 98 variables was calculated. They were aggregated into six blocks: identification, prenatal care, birth care, family characteristics, occurrence of death and conclusions and recommendations. RESULTS: the median rate of completeness for perinatal death investigation sheets was 85.7% (82.8% for records of fetal deaths and 89.5% for records of preterm neonatal deaths). The best-filled information block was "identification" (96.1%), as well as its components: fetal (94.7%) and preterm neonatal (97.9%). The worst was "prenatal care" (69.8%), along with its components: fetal (73.8%) and preterm neonatal (67.4%). CONCLUSION: investigation sheets had good completeness; there were differences between variables and components of perinatal death.

[Early neonatal near miss identified through health information systems]. / Near miss neonatal precoce identificado com base em sistemas de informação em saúde.

The aim of this study was to validate a definition to identify cases of early neonatal near miss using data from health information systems (SIS in Portuguese). This was a concurrent validation study focusing on three definitions for identification of cases of early neonatal near miss among live births in a university hospital in 2012. Three different definitions were applied to this live birth cohort using the criteria birth weight, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and congenital malformations, in different combinations, considering the proposals in two Brazilian articles (Silva et al.; Pillegi-Castro et al.) and a third (SIS definition) with available data from health information systems. Cases were defined as infants that had survived the risk conditions as of the 7th day of life. For concurrent validation, the study adopted early neonatal deaths as the reference. Of the 2,097 live births studied, 33 died in the early neonatal period, and the number of cases of early neonatal near miss varied according to the definition used: 153 (Silva definition), 194 (Pileggi-Castro definition), and 304 (SIS definition). Sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 92.6%, respectively, according to the Silva definition, 90.9% and 90.6% according to the Pileggi-Castro definition, and 93.9% and 85.3% according to the SIS definition. The results show that the SIS definition has sensitivity and specificity close to the other definitions and suggest that it is possible to monitor early neonatal near miss using only data that are available in official health information systems.

O objetivo foi validar uma definição de identificação de casos de near miss neonatal precoce utilizando dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde (SIS). Estudo de validação concorrente entre três definições para identificação de casos de near miss neonatal precoce, realizado em hospital universitário com nascidos vivos ocorridos em 2012. Foram aplicadas três definições a esta coorte de nascidos vivos com utilização dos critérios peso ao nascer, idade gestacional, Índice de Apgar no 5º minuto de vida, internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva neonatal, ventilação mecânica e más-formações congênitas com diferentes combinações, considerando as proposições de dois artigos brasileiros publicados (definição Silva et al.; definição Pillegi-Castro et al.) e uma terceira (definição SIS) com dados disponíveis em Sistemas de Informação em Saúde. Foram considerados casos os sobreviventes às condições de risco até o 7º dia de vida. Para a validação concorrente, adotaram-se como referência os óbitos neonatais precoces. Dos 2.097 nascidos vivos estudados, 33 foram a óbito no período neonatal precoce, e o número de casos de near miss neonatal precoce variou segundo a definição adotada: 153 (definição Silva), 194 (definição Pileggi-Castro) e 304 (definição SIS). A sensibilidade e especificidade foi, respectivamente, 97% e 92,6% na definição Silva, 90,9% e 90,6% na definição Pileggi-Castro e 93,9% e 85,3% na definição SIS. Os resultados mostram que a definição SIS apresenta sensibilidade e especificidade próxima às outras definições e sugere que é possível monitorar o near miss neonatal precoce com uso apenas de dados disponíveis nos sistemas oficiais de informações em saúde.

El objetivo fue validar una definición de identificación de casos de near miss neonatales precoces, utilizando datos de los sistemas de información en salud (SIS). Se trata de un estudio de validación concurrente entre tres definiciones para la identificación de casos de near miss neonatales precoces, realizado en un hospital universitario, con nacidos vivos que se produjeron en 2012. Se aplicaron tres definiciones a esta cohorte de nacidos vivos con la utilización de los criterios: peso al nacer, edad gestacional, índice de Apgar en el 5º minuto de vida, internamiento en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, ventilación mecánica, además de malformaciones congénitas con diferentes combinaciones, considerando las propuestas de dos artículos brasileños publicados (definición Silva et al.; definición Pillegi-Castro et al.) y una tercera (definición SIS) con datos disponibles en el Sistema de Información en Salud. Se consideraron casos los supervivientes en condiciones de riesgo hasta el 7º día de vida. Para la validación concurrente, se adoptaron como referencia los óbitos neonatales precoces. De los 2.097 nacidos vivos estudiados, 33 fueron óbito durante el período neonatal precoz, y el número de casos de near miss neonatal precoz varió según la definición adoptada: 153 (definición Silva), 194 (definición Pileggi-Castro) y 304 (definición SIS). La sensibilidad y especificidad fue, respectivamente, 97% y 92,6% en la definición Silva, 90,9% y 90,6% en la definición Pileggi-Castro y 93,9% y 85,3% en la definición SIS. Los resultados muestran que la definición SIS presenta sensibilidad y especificidad próxima a las otras definiciones y sugiere que es posible monitorear el near miss neonatal precoz sólo con el uso de datos disponibles en los Sistemas oficiales de Información en Salud.

Agreement between underlying cause and preventability of infant deaths before and after the investigation in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2014. / Concordância da causa básica e da evitabilidade dos óbitos infantis antes e após a investigação no Recife, Pernambuco, 2014.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the agreement and describe the causes and preventability of infant deaths before and after the investigation. METHODS: investigation files and death certificates of infants under one year, of mothers living in Recife, Brazil, in 2014 were used; the Cohen kappa index was adopted for agreement analysis of the underlying causes of death; the list of preventable causes of deaths by interventions of the Brazilian National Health System was also adopted. RESULTS: 183 infant deaths were analyzed, of which 117 (63.9%) had the underlying cause revised; before the investigation, 170 (92.2%) deaths were considered preventable, and after investigation, 178 (97.3%); there was reasonable agreement (0.338) regarding the underlying causes of death, and moderate (0.439) for preventability. CONCLUSION: infant mortality surveillance enabled the improvement of vital events information, contributing to the progress in the specification of underlying causes of death and in the preventability of infant death.

Reabilitação física/funcional no Brasil: análise espaço-temporal da oferta no Sistema Único de Saúde / Physical/functional rehabilitation in Brazil: spatiotemporal analysis of the offer in the Public Healthcare System

Resumo O complexo perfil epidemiológico do país, o envelhecimento populacional e a proporção de pessoas com deficiência apontam para o aumento substancial da demanda por reabilitação. Nesse contexto, foi analisada a distribuição espaço-temporal da oferta de profissionais de fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e terapia ocupacional no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2007 a 2019 nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Foram utilizados dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos em Saúde, as estimativas censitárias do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e calculados os indicadores da oferta potencial de profissionais e sua evolução relativa. Foi realizada a distribuição espacial da evolução relativa da oferta potencial de profissionais. Para a análise da tendência temporal, adotou-se o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão. Houve tendência temporal crescente na oferta potencial das três categorias profissionais no Brasil e em todas as regiões, mas com uma desaceleração do crescimento. Observaram-se diferenciais entre as profissões e as regiões do país, representando um quadro de desigualdade de oferta que precisa ser superado. Resultados que podem subsidiar o controle social e o planejamento nacional para a ampliação do acesso aos serviços de reabilitação

Abstract The complex epidemiological profile of Brazil, the aging population and the proportion of individuals with disabilities have led to a substantial increase in the demand for rehabilitation. The spatiotemporal distribution of the offer of physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy in the Brazilian public healthcare system from 2007 to 2019 was analyzed for the five macro-regions of the country. Data from the National Register of Health Establishments and census estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. Indicators of the offer of professionals in these fields services and relative changes in the offer were calculated. The spatial distribution of the relative change in the offer was also determined. A regression model with inflection points was adopted for the analysis of the temporal trend. A growing temporal trend was found in the offer of the three professionals in Brazil as a whole and in all regions of the country, but with a slowdown in growth. Differences were observed in the offer among the regions of the country, revealing healthcare inequality that needs to be overcome. The present findings can assist in planning to expand access to rehabilitation services in the country.

Impact of a hearing conservation programs on occupational noise-induced hearing loss

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the impact of a Hearing Conservation Program on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in a metallurgical plant. Methods: a longitudinal case study (2003-2018) was carried out and a Hearing Conservation Program assessed with interviews and document verification. The assessment also included 2,350 audiometric examinations and occupational noise exposure of 152 Hearing Conservation Program - participating employees, collecting the data from the company's database. Results: high compliance indices regarding occupational noise -induced hearing loss - prevention Hearing Conservation Program practices were found between 2003 and 2018. The comparison between 2018 and 2003 showed a reduced number of workers exposed to noise at 85 dB(A) or above. The final prevalence of audiometric changes suggestive of occupational noise-induced hearing loss that remained in degree I differed from the initial one in the period. The high Hearing Conservation Program percentages and low occupational noise-induced hearing loss indicators point to an inverse relationship between them. Conclusion: the results suggest a positive impact of a Hearing Conservation Program on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in this metallurgical plant, in the period studied.

Avoidable deaths in the first 24 hours of life: health care reflexes / Muertes evitables en las primeras 24 horas de vida: reflejos asistenciales / Mortes evitáveis nas primeiras 24 horas de vida: reflexos da assistência à saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the risks of deaths in the first 24 hours of life and their preventable causes. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil, between 2000-2019, with mortality and live birth data. The avoidability was analyzed through the Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Deaths due to Interventions of the Unified Health System. For the statistical analyses, Pearson's chi-squared test and relative and attributable risks were used. Results: 13,601 deaths were registered, of which 10,497 (77.19%) were from preventable causes. Of the total, 5,513 (40.53%) were reducible through adequate care for women during pregnancy. The lower the gestational age, birth weight and education level, the higher the relative and attributable risk of death in the first 24 hours of life. Conclusions: most of the deaths were considered avoidable and with high relative and attributable risks. These early deaths suggest care failures and the need to reinforce prevention and treatment measures.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los riesgos de muerte en las primeras 24 horas de vida y sus causas prevenibles. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en Pernambuco, Nordeste de Brasil, entre 2000-2019, con datos de mortalidad y nacidos vivos. La evitabilidad fue analizada por la Lista Brasileña de Causas de Muerte Evitables por Intervenciones del Sistema Único de Salud. Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y los riesgos relativos y atribuibles. Resultados: fueron registradas 13.601 muertes, de las cuales 10.497 (77,19%) se debieron a causas evitables. Del total, 5.513 (40,53%) fueron reducibles mediante una atención adecuada a la mujer durante el embarazo. Cuanto menor es la edad gestacional, el peso al nacer y el nivel educativo, mayor es el riesgo relativo y atribuible de muerte en las primeras 24 horas de vida. Conclusiones: la mayoría de las muertes se consideraron evitables y de alto riesgo relativo y atribuible. Estas muertes precoces sugieren fallas en la atención y la necesidad de reforzar las medidas de prevención y tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os riscos de mortes nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e suas causas evitáveis. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil, entre 2000-2019, com dados de mortalidade e nascidos vivos. Analisou-se a evitabilidade pela Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis por Intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para as análises estatísticas, utilizou-se o teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e os riscos relativo e atribuível. Resultados: registraram-se 13.601 óbitos, sendo 10.497 (77,19%) por causas evitáveis. Do total, 5.513 (40,53%) eram reduzíveis por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação. Quanto menor a idade gestacional, o peso ao nascer e a escolaridade, maior o risco relativo e atribuível ao óbito nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. Conclusões: a maior parte dos óbitos foram considerados evitáveis e com elevados riscos relativo e atribuível. Esses óbitos precoces sugerem falhas assistenciais e a necessidade de reforçar as medidas de prevenção e tratamento.