[Effect of drug interaction between clopidogrel and omeprazole in hospital readmision of patients by a recurrent acute coronary syndrome: a case-control study]. / Efecto de la interacción clopidogrel-omeprazol en el reingreso hospitalario de pacientes por recidiva de síndrome coronario agudo: estudio de casos y controles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of drug interaction between omeprazol and clopidogrel in hospital readmission of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). DESIGN: Case-control study. LOCATION: University Clinic LeonXIII, Medellin, Colombia. PARTICIPANTS: We selected from a prevalent population, between 2009-2010, use of clopidogrel patients on an outpatient basis (less than one year and more than 30days), and hospital stay for ACS or the presence of a previous ACS. MAIN MEASURES: A case-patient was defined as one who had a recurrence of ACS and a patient-control is defined as one that no recurrence of ACS. Both groups used ambulatory prior clopidogrel due to ACS. As defined risk factor the joint use of omeprazole and clopidogrel outpatients. RESULTS: During the study, 1680patients clopidogrel formulated. This group identified 50cases readmitted with ACS and 76controls. No statistically significant association was found between use of clopidogrel-omeprazole and increased risk of hospital readmission for ACS (OR: 1.05; 95%CI: 0.516-2.152; P=.8851). CONCLUSIONS: In this small group of patients with previous SCA, the simultaneous use of clopidogrel with omeprazole does not increase the risk of a readmission by recurrence of this type of coronary event.

[Application of the Community Assessment Risk Screen in Primary Care centres of the Valencia Health System]. / Aplicación de The Community Assessment Risk Screen en centros de atención primaria del Sistema Sanitario Valenciano.

OBJECTIVE: Application of The Community Assessment Risk Screen (CARS) tool for detection of chronic elderly patients at risk of hospital readmission and the viability study for its inclusion in health information systems. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. LOCATION: Health Departments 6, 10, and 11 from the Valencia Community. PARTICIPANTS: Patients of 65 and over seen in 6 Primary Care centres in December 2008. The sample consisted of 500 patients (sampling error=±4.37%, sampling fraction=1/307). VARIABLES: The CARS tools includes 3items: Diagnostics (heart diseases, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, COPD, cancer), number of prescribed drugs and hospital admissions or emergency room visits in the previous 6months. The data came from SIA-Abucasis, GAIA and MDS, and were compared by Primary Care professionals. The end-point was hospital admission in 2009. RESULTS: CARS risk levels are related to future readmission (P<.001). The value of sensitivity and specificity is 0.64; the tool accurately identifies patients with low probability of being hospitalized in the future (negative predictive value=0.91, diagnostic efficacy=0.67), but has a positive predictive value of 0.24. CONCLUSIONS: CARS does not properly identify the population at high risk of hospital readmission. However, if it could be revised and the positive predictive value improved, it could be incorporated into the Primary Care computer systems and be useful in the initial screening and grouping of chronic patients at risk of hospital readmission.

Risk factors for readmission after a cholecystectomy: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmissions after a cholecystectomy. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study, with data obtained from UC-Christus from Santiago, Chile. All patients who underwent a cholecystectomy between January 2015 and December 2019 were included in the study. We identified all patients readmitted after a cholecystectomy and compared them with a randomized control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 4866 cholecystectomies performed between 2015 and 2019, 79 patients presented 30-day hospital readmission after the surgical procedure (1.6%). We identified as risk factors for readmission in the univariate analysis the presence of a solid tumor at the moment of cholecystectomy (OR = 7.58), high pre-operative direct bilirubin (OR = 2.52), high pre-operative alkaline phosphatase (OR = 3.25), emergency admission (OR = 2.04), choledocholithiasis on admission (OR = 4.34), additional surgical procedure during the cholecystectomy (OR = 4.12), and post-operative complications. In the multivariate analysis, the performance of an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was statistically significant (OR = 4.24). CONCLUSION: Performing an additional surgical procedure during cholecystectomy was identified as a risk factor associated with 30-day hospital readmission.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados al reingreso hospitalario en los primeros 30 días post colecistectomía. MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos-controles con datos obtenidos del Hospital Clínico de la UC-Christus, Santiago, Chile. Se ­incluyeron las colecistectomías realizadas entre los años 2015-2019. Se consideraron como casos aquellos pacientes que reingresaron en los 30 primeros días posterior a una colecistectomía. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado de diferentes posibles factores de riesgo. RESULTADOS: De un total de 4866 colecistectomías, 79 pacientes presentaron reingreso hospitalario. Los resultados estadísticamente significativos en el análisis univariado fueron; tumor sólido al momento de la colecistectomía (OR = 7.58) bilirrubina directa preoperatoria alterada (OR = 2.52), fosfatasa alcalina preoperatoria alterada (OR = 3.25), ingreso de urgencia (OR = 2.04), coledocolitiasis al ingreso (OR = 4.34) realización de otros procedimientos (OR = 4.12) y complicaciones postoperatorias. En el análisis multivariado sólo la realización de otro procedimiento durante la colecistectomía fue estadísticamente significativa (OR = 4.24). CONCLUSIÓN: La realización de otros procedimientos durante la colecistectomía es un factor de riesgo de reingreso hospitalario en los 30 días posteriores a la colecistectomía.

Thirty-day readmissions in children with complex chronic conditions.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge is a quality indicator in health care. Paediatric patients with complex chronic conditions have high readmission rates. Failure in the transition between hospital and home care could explain this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence rate of 30-day hospital readmission in paediatric patients with complex chronic conditions, estimate how many are potentially preventable and explore factors associated with readmission. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Cohort study including hospitalised patients with complex chronic conditions aged 1 month to 18 years. Patients with cancer or with congenital heart disease requiring surgical correction were excluded. The outcomes assessed were 30-day readmission rate and potentially preventable readmissions. We analysed sociodemographic, geographic, clinical and transition to home care characteristics as factors potentially associated with readmission. RESULTS: The study included 171 hospitalizations, and 28 patients were readmitted within 30 days (16.4%; 95% CI, 11.6%-22.7%). Of the 28 readmissions, 23 were potentially preventable (82.1%; 95% CI, 64.4%-92.1%). Respiratory disease was associated with a higher probability of readmission. There was no association between 30-day readmission and the characteristics of the transition to home care. CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day readmission rate in patients with complex chronic disease was 16.4%, and 82.1% of readmissions were potentially preventable. Respiratory disease was the only identified risk factor for 30-day readmission.

Predictors of postoperative complications and readmissions in laparoscopic pancreas resection: Results of a cohort 105 consecutive cases. A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic resection of the pancreas (LRP) has been implemented to a varying degree because it is technically demanding and requires a long learning curve. In the present study we analyze the risk factors for complications and hospital readmissions in a single center study of 105 consecutive LRPs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study using a prospective database. Data were collected on age, gender, BMI, ASA score, type of surgery, histologic type, operative time, hospital stay, postoperative complications, degree of severity and hospital readmission. RESULTS: The cohort included 105 patients, 63 females and 42 males with a median age and BMI of 58 (53-70) and 25.5 (22,2-27.9) respectively. Eighteen (17%) central pancreatectomies, 5 (4.8%) enucleations, 81 (77.6%) distal pancreatectomies and one total pancreatectomy were performed. Fifty-six patients (53.3%) experienced some type of complication, of which 13 (12.3%) were severe (Clavien-Dindo > IIIb) and 11 (10.5%) patients were readmitted in the first 30 days after surgery. In the univariate analysis, age, male gender, ASA score, central pancreatectomy and operative time were significantly associated with the development of complications (P <0.05). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR 7.97; 95% CI 1.08-58.88)), severe complications (OR 59.40; 95% CI, 7.69-458.99), and the development of intrabdominal collections (OR 8.97; 95% CI, 1.28-63.02)) were associated with hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Age, male gender, ASA score, operative time and central pancreatectomy are associated with a higher incidence of complications. Male gender, severe complications and intraabdominal collections are associated with more hospital readmissions.

Lower mortality and readmission in patients with few comorbidities who underwent hip fracture surgery and were discharged early. / Menor mortalidad y reingreso en pacientes con pocas comorbilidades intervenidos de fractura de cadera y con alta precoz.

INTRODUCTION: Preoperative delay in patients with hip fracture surgery (HF) has been associated with poorer outcomes; however, the optimal timing of discharge from hospital after surgery has been little studied. The aim of this study was to determine mortality and readmission outcomes in HF patients with and without early hospital discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted selecting 607 patients over 65years of age with HF intervened between January 2015 and December 2019, from which 164 patients with fewer comorbidities and ASA ≤II were included for analysis and divided according to their postoperative hospital stay into early discharge or stay ≤4 days (n=115), and non-early or post-operative stay >4days (n=49). Demographic characteristics; fracture and surgical-related characteristics; 30-day and one-year postoperative mortality rates; 30-day postoperative hospital readmission rate; and medical or surgical cause were recorded. RESULTS: In the early discharge group all outcomes were better compared to the non-early discharge group: lower 30-day (0.9% vs 4.1%, P=.16) and 1-year postoperative (4.3% vs 16.3%, P=.009) mortality rates, as well as a lower rate of hospital readmission for medical reasons (7.8% vs 16.3%, P=.037). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the early discharge group obtained better results 30-day and 1-year postoperative mortality indicators, as well as readmission for medical reasons.

[Translated article] Lower mortality and readmission in patients with few comorbidities who underwent hip fracture surgery and were discharged early.

INTRODUCTION: Pre-operative delay in patients with hip fracture surgery (HF) has been associated with poorer outcomes; however, the optimal timing of discharge from hospital after surgery has been little studied. The aim of this study was to determine mortality and readmission outcomes in HF patients with and without early hospital discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted selecting 607 patients over 65years of age with HF intervened between January 2015 and December 2019, from which 164 patients with fewer comorbidities and ASA≤II were included for analysis and divided according to their post-operative hospital stay into early discharge or stay ≤4 days (n=115), and non-early or post-operative stay >4days (n=49). Demographic characteristics; fracture and surgical-related characteristics; 30-day and one-year post-operative mortality rates; 30-day post-operative hospital readmission rate; and medical or surgical cause were recorded. RESULTS: In the early discharge group all outcomes were better compared to the non-early discharge group: lower 30-day (0.9% versus 4.1%, p=.16) and 1-year post-operative (4.3% versus 16.3%, p=.009) mortality rates, as well as a lower rate of hospital readmission for medical reasons (7.8% versus 16.3%, p=.037). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the early discharge group obtained better results 30-day and 1-year post-operative mortality indicators, as well as readmission for medical reasons.

[Analysis of causes and factors associated with hospital readmission in mild and moderate polythraumatism: An observational study]. / Análisis de las causas y los factores asociados al reingreso hospitalario en politraumatismo leve-moderado: estudio observacional.

BACKGROUND: Early readmissions (ER) occur during the 30 days after discharge, ER are common and expensive, associated with a decrease in the quality of care. The rate of ER in polytraumatic patients (PTP) is estimated between 4.3-15%. Our objective was to identify those factors associated with ER and its characteristics after suffering mild-moderate trauma in our area. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a retrospective observational study, including data of patients with (PTP) mild or moderate admitted between July 2012 and June 2017 in our institution and their ER in public hospitals and/or outpatient centers. Demographic variables, diagnoses, procedures and characteristics of readmissions were collected. After a bivariant analysis was done, a Logistic regression had benn performed to determine risk factors for ER. RESULTS: 1013 patients were included, with median age of 38 years, ISS of 3 points and initial hospital stay of 1 day. 185 patients were readmitted (18.3%). Independent factors associated with ER were: injury mechanism, especially bicycle accident (OR 2.26), comorbidities highlighting HBP (OR 1.83) and COPD (OR 1.98), fracture immobilization (OR 1.99) and hospital admission in the initial care (OR 0.56). The causes of ER were: pain 61.6%, wound infection 15.1%, scheduled cures and deferred interventions 12.97%, medical 6.4% and psychiatric decompensation. 2.7% CONCLUSION: The ERs in mild-moderate PTP are multifactorial, our results show an association between factors such as injury mechanism, the presence of comorbidities and the procedures performed in the sentinel episode and the rate of ER. The implementation of simple interventions at discharge could reduce its incidence clearly.

Unplanned readmission after lung resection surgery: A systematic review. / Reingreso no planificado tras cirugía de resección pulmonar: revisión sistemática.

Urgent readmissions have a major impact on outcomes in patient health and healthcare costs. The associated risk factors have generally been infrequently studied. The main objective of the present work is to identify pre- and perioperative determinants of readmission; the secondary aim was to determine readmission rate, identification of readmission diagnoses, and impact of readmissions on survival rates in related analytical studies. The review was performed through a systematic search in the main bibliographic databases. In the end, 19 papers met the selection criteria. The main risk factors were: sociodemographic patient variables; comorbidities; type of resection; postoperative complications; long stay. Despite the great variability in the published studies, all highlight the importance of reducing readmission rates because of the significant impact on patients and the healthcare system.

[Detection of risk factors for preventable paediatric hospital readmissions]. / Detección de factores de riesgo de reingreso prevenible en la hospitalización pediátrica.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Readmission rate is an indicator of the quality of hospital care. The aim of the study is to identify potential preventable factors for paediatric readmission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, analytical, longitudinal, and single centre study was carried out in the Paediatric Hospitalisation ward of a tertiary hospital during the period from June 2012 to November 2015. Readmission was defined as the one that occurs in the first 30 days of previous admission, as very early readmission if it occurs in the first 48hours, early readmission in the 2-7 days, and late readmission if occurs after 7 days. Preventable readmission is defined as one that takes place in the first 15 days and for the same reason as the first admission. Epidemiological and clinical variables were analysed. A univariate and multivariate study was carried out. RESULTS: In the study period, 5,459 patients were admitted to the paediatric hospital, of which 226 of them were readmissions (rate of readmission: 4.1%). When the hospital occupation rate was greater than 70%, the overall percentage of readmissions was significantly higher (8.5% vs 2.5%; P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, it was found that having a chronic disease and the number of visits to emergency care units before admission, are predictive factors of preventable readmission. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of readmissions is greater in the periods of higher care pressure. The readmission of patients with chronic condition is preventable, and therefore strategies must be designed to try to avoid them.

Multiple hospitalizations at the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary hospital. / Multiingreso en el Servicio de Medicina Interna de un hospital terciario.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patient who require multiple hospitalizations result in a considerable consumption of healthcare resources. In this study, we analyzed the factors associated with the multiple hospitalizations of a cohort of patients treated at a department of internal medicine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 613 consecutive hospitalizations were analyzed. A multiple-hospitalization patient was defined as one who at the time of admission had been hospitalized 3 or more times in the past year. We analyzed the relationship between demographic, clinical and societal factors on one hand and having been hospitalized on multiple occasions on the other. We also analyzed readmissions in the 6 months after discharge, as well as mortality during the hospitalization and in the 6 and 12 months after discharge. RESULTS: When compared with patients who have not been hospitalized on multiple occasions, multiple-hospitalization patients are more likely to be male, younger and to have greater comorbidity, greater consumption of medicines and higher Katz Index scores. The main cause for admission for multiple-hospitalizations patients was chronic disease decompensation (87.3%). The diseases that were most obviously associated with multiple hospitalizations were heart failure, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the first 6 months after discharge, multiple-hospitalization patients had a greater number of readmissions. During the study period, 40.4% of the multiple-hospitalization patients died, and 28.8% of the nonmultiple-hospitalization patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple-hospitalization patients have a greater clinical complexity than nonmultiple-hospitalization patients, and multiple hospitalizations are associated with chronic diseases, polypharmacy, functional impairment and high mortality rates.

[Differential features of DRG 541 readmitting patients]. / Características diferenciales de los pacientes del Grupo Relacionado con el Diagnóstico (GRD) 541 que reingresan.

OBJECTIVE: Hospital readmission is considered an adverse outcome, and the hospital readmission ratio is an indicator of health care quality. Published studies show a wide variability and heterogeneity, with large groups of patients with different diagnoses and prognoses. The aim of the study was to analyse the differences between patients readmitted and those who were not, in patients grouped into the diagnosis related group (DRG) 541. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective observational study was conducted on DRG 541 patients discharged in 2010. Readmission is defined as any admission into any hospital department, and for any reason at ≤30 days from discharge. An analysis was performed that included age, sex, day of discharge, month of discharge, number of diagnoses and drugs at discharge, respiratory depressant drugs, length of stay, requests for consultations/referrals, Charlson comorbidity index, feeding method, hospitalisations in the previous 6 months, albumin and haemoglobin levels and medical examinations within 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: Of the 985 patients included in the study, 189 were readmitted. On multivariate analysis, significant variables were: Haemoglobin -0.6g/dl (95% confidence interval [95%CI] -0.9 to -0.3), gastrostomy feeding odds ratio (OR) 5.6 (95%CI: 1.5 to 21.6), hospitalisations in previous 6 months OR 1.9 (95%CI: 1.3 to 2.8), visits to emergency department OR 17.4 (95%CI: 11.3 to 26.8), medical checks after discharge OR 0.4 (95%CI: 0.2 to 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: DRG 541 readmitting patients have some distinctive features that could allow early detection and prevent hospital readmission.

Factores asociados a reingreso hospitalario precoz posterior a resecciones hepáticas y pancreáticas / Hospital readmission rates after hepatic and pancreatic resections

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de reingreso hospitalario y sus factores asociados en pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas en nuestro centro. Metodología: Se revisaron registros de pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas entre 2012 y 2014. Se registraron variables biodemográficas, quirúrgicas y reingresos hasta 30 días posalta. Se excluyó la cirugía de urgencia, pacientes fallecidos durante la hospitalización, pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas menores a dos segmentos, cirugías no anatómicas o cirugía no resectiva. El análisis estadístico univariable se realizó con prueba χ2 para variables categóricas y T Student/Mann Whitney para variables continuas. El análisis multivariable se realizó con regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 116 pacientes, 50,9% mujeres. La estadía promedio fue de 14 días. El adenocarcinoma pancreático fue el diagnóstico más frecuente (25,9%) y 40,5% de los procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron pancreatoduodenectomías. La tasa de reingreso global fue 18,1%, mayor en pancreatectomías respecto a hepatectomías (23,7 vs 12,2% respectivamente p < 0,05). Los factores asociados a reingreso fueron: resección de páncreas, leucocitos preoperatorios, complicaciones posoperatorias y tiempo de estadía hospitalaria. Tras el análisis multivariable, sólo el tiempo hospitalario se asocia de forma independiente al reingreso precoz [OR 1,2 IC 95% 1,1-1,5 (p = 0,001)]. Conclusión: La estadía hospitalaria prolongada es un factor de riesgo consistente en la literatura para la rehospitalización posterior a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas. La tasa de reingreso posterior a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas es elevada, incluso en centros de alto volumen. Recomendamos el uso de este parámetro como un nuevo instrumento de medición de calidad en los resultados quirúrgicos en nuestro país.

Aim: To determine readmission rates and its associated factors in patients undergoing pancreatic and hepatic resections at our center. Matherial and Methods: Perioperative variables of patients undergoing pancreatic and hepatic resections between 2012-2014 were reviewed. Demographic and perioepartive data, as well as up —to postoperative day 30— readmisson rates were analyzed. Emergency cases, postoperative mortality and/or patients undergoing less extensive surgery (less than 2 Couinaud's segments, non-anatomical resections and non resective cases such as bilioenteric anastomoses) were excluded. Readmission associated factors were identified using both univariate (χ2 for categorical and t-student's/Mann-Whitney for continuous variables) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Results: 116 cases were included, 50.9 % female. Mean postoperative stay was 14 days. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the most frequent diagnosis (25.9%), and the 40.5% of surgical procedures were pancreaticoduodenectomy. Overall 30-day readmission rate was 18.1%, with a 23.7% for pancreatic resections and 12.2% for hepatic resections. According to univariate analysis; readmission associated factors were: pancreatic resection, preoperative White cell count, the development of postoperative complications and postoperative length of stay. On Multivariate analysis only postoperative stay was the only significant associate factor [OR 1,2 CI 95% 1.1- 1.5 (p = 0.001)]. Conclussion: Readmission rates after pancreatic and hepatic resections are elevated, even in high-volume centers. Postoperative length of stay is a consistent risk factor for readmission after these type of surgeries. We highly recommend including this parameter as a quality marker of our surgical results in our country.