Lesions of the oral cavity of dogs: 720 cases / Lesões da cavidade oral de cães: 720 casos

Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).

Foram estudados 720 casos de lesões na cavidade oral em cães diagnosticados entre 2015 e 2020, no Distrito Federal. Dessas alterações, 432 (60%) foram neoplásicas e 288 (40%) não neoplásicas. Dentre os neoplasmas, 229 (53%) foram consideradas malignos e 203 (47%) benignos, acometendo principalmente machos, de 43 raças diferentes, com idade média 9,4 anos, afetando principalmente gengiva e lábio. Melanoma foi o neoplasma mais comumente diagnosticado (96/432; 22,2%), seguido do fibroma odontogênico periférico (68/432; 15,7%), papiloma (63/432; 14,5%) e carcinoma de células escamosas (56/432; 12,9%). As lesões não neoplásicas também acometeram predominantemente machos, de 41 raças diferentes, com idade média 8,9 anos, afetando principalmente gengiva, lábio e língua. Essas lesões foram diagnosticadas como inflamatórias (230/288; 79,8%), hiperplásicas (47/288; 16,3%) e como outras alterações (11/288; 3,8%).

Hemangiossarcoma associado a quimiodectoma em cadela Pit Bull idosa / Hemangiosarcoma associated with chemodectoma in an old Pit Bull bitch

Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma. Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax...

Hemangiossarcoma associado a quimiodectoma em cadela Pit Bull idosa / Hemangiosarcoma associated with chemodectoma in an old Pit Bull bitch

Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma. Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax...(AU)

Falha no uso de vacina autógena associada à Propionibacterim acnes notratamento de papilomatose canina: relato de caso / Failed use of autologous vaccine associated with Propionibacterium acnes in the treatment of canine papillomatosis: case report

Papilomatose canina é uma patologia infectocontagiosa causada pelo papilomavírus e caracterizada por neoformações benignas cutâneas na cavidade oral, lábios, faringe, esôfago e trato geni-tal. Esta enfermidade é espécie-específica, de caráter autolimitante, com regressão entre quatro e oito semanas após o surgimento das lesões; em alguns casos, porém, pode se tornar crônica, causando disfagia e até obstrução faringeana. Sua transmissão se dá por meio de contato direto ou indireto com secreções ou sangue advindo de animais contaminados. O diagnóstico é obtido com a associação de aspectos clínicos e exame histopatológico. Devido ao potencial autolimitante, diferentes protocolos de tratamento são descritos, dentre eles, imunoestimulantes, autovacinas, ressecção cirúrgica, fármacos antivirais e auto-hemoterapia. Este trabalho descreve um caso de papilomatose com enfoque na falha na utilização da vacina autógena associada à Propionibacterium acnes.(AU)

Canine papillomatosis is an infectious disease caused by papillomavirus and characterized by benign cutaneous neoformations in the oral cavity, lips, pharynx, esophagus and genital tract. This disease is species-specific, self-limiting, and usually can regress between four and eight weeks after lesions appearance, but in some cases, it may become chronic causing dysphagia and even pharyngeal obstruction. Its transmission occurs through direct or indirect contact with secretions or blood from contaminated animals. The diagnosis is obtained by the association of clinical aspects and histopathological examination. Due to its self-limiting potential, different treatment protocols are described, among them, immunostimulants, auto-vaccines, surgical resection, antiviral drugs and autohemotherapy. This study describes a case of papillomatosis focusing on the failed use of the autogenous vaccine associated with Propionibacterium acnes.(AU)

Falha no uso de vacina autógena associada à Propionibacterim acnes notratamento de papilomatose canina: relato de caso / Failed use of autologous vaccine associated with Propionibacterium acnes in the treatment of canine papillomatosis: case report

Papilomatose canina é uma patologia infectocontagiosa causada pelo papilomavírus e caracterizada por neoformações benignas cutâneas na cavidade oral, lábios, faringe, esôfago e trato geni-tal. Esta enfermidade é espécie-específica, de caráter autolimitante, com regressão entre quatro e oito semanas após o surgimento das lesões; em alguns casos, porém, pode se tornar crônica, causando disfagia e até obstrução faringeana. Sua transmissão se dá por meio de contato direto ou indireto com secreções ou sangue advindo de animais contaminados. O diagnóstico é obtido com a associação de aspectos clínicos e exame histopatológico. Devido ao potencial autolimitante, diferentes protocolos de tratamento são descritos, dentre eles, imunoestimulantes, autovacinas, ressecção cirúrgica, fármacos antivirais e auto-hemoterapia. Este trabalho descreve um caso de papilomatose com enfoque na falha na utilização da vacina autógena associada à Propionibacterium acnes.

Canine papillomatosis is an infectious disease caused by papillomavirus and characterized by benign cutaneous neoformations in the oral cavity, lips, pharynx, esophagus and genital tract. This disease is species-specific, self-limiting, and usually can regress between four and eight weeks after lesions appearance, but in some cases, it may become chronic causing dysphagia and even pharyngeal obstruction. Its transmission occurs through direct or indirect contact with secretions or blood from contaminated animals. The diagnosis is obtained by the association of clinical aspects and histopathological examination. Due to its self-limiting potential, different treatment protocols are described, among them, immunostimulants, auto-vaccines, surgical resection, antiviral drugs and autohemotherapy. This study describes a case of papillomatosis focusing on the failed use of the autogenous vaccine associated with Propionibacterium acnes.

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […](AU)

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […]

CARACTERIZAÇÃO GENÉTICA DE Canis familiaris Papillomavirus EM CÃES DOMICILIADOS NA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA BRASILEIRA

O papilomavírus canino (CPV) pertence à família Papillomaviridae, possui cerca de 55 a 60 nm de diâmetro, sem envelope lipoproteico, com formato icosaédrico. Seus vírions são compostos por um DNA de fita dupla circular, com aproximadamente 8000 pares de base. Atualmente foram identificados 23 tipos de CPV em todo o mundo. Ele acomete a espécie Canis lupus familiaris, normalmente acomete animais de todas as idades resultando, normalmente, no desenvolvimento de hiperplasias em tecido mucoso e cutâneo, com neoformações benignas ou malignas em seus hospedeiros naturais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a caracterização genética de Canis familiaris papillomavirus em lesões papilomatosas de cães domiciliados na região amazônica brasileira. Foram coletadas 28 amostras de papilomas de cães domiciliados nos municípios de Rio Branco Acre e Porto Velho Rondônia, e encaminhadas para a realização do exame histopatológico e PCR. As amostras positivas na PCR foram purificadas e sequenciadas. No exame histopatológico, quatro amostras apresentaram características sugestivas de papiloma escamoso. Na PCR, 11 amostras foram positivas para PV e o sequenciamento demonstrou identidade com o gênero Lambdapapillomavirus. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para futuros estudos epidemiológicos e sobre avariabilidade genética do CPV e mostra a importância de estudos em locais carentes de pesquisas e que podem abrigar tipos desconhecidos de CPV e sua prevalência.

The canine papillomavirus (CPV) belongs to the family Papillomaviridae, is about 55 to 60 nm in diameter, without a lipoprotein envelope, with an icosahedral shape. Their virions are composed of circular double-stranded DNA, with approximately 8000 base pairs. Currently, 23 types of CPV have been identified worldwide. It affects the species Canis lupus familiaris, usually affecting animals of all ages, resulting in the development of hyperplasias in mucous and skin tissue, with benign or malignant neoformations in their natural hosts. The objective of the present study was to carry out the genetic characterization of Canis familiaris papillomavirus in papillomatous lesions of dogs domiciled in the Brazilian Amazon region. 28 samples of papillomas from dogs domiciled in the municipalities of Rio Branco, Acre and Porto Velho, Rondônia were collected and sent for histopathological examination and PCR. PCR positive samples were purified and sequenced. On histopathological examination, four samples showed characteristics suggestive of squamous papilloma. In PCR, 11 samples were positive for PV and the sequencing demonstrated identity with the genus Lambdapapillomavirus. The results obtained in this work contribute to future epidemiological studies and on the genetic damage of CPV and show the importance of studies in places that lack research and that may harbor unknown types of CPV and its prevalence.

Associação de sulfato de vincristina e Propionibacterium acnes no tratamento de papilomatose oral canina relato de caso / Association of vincristine sulfate and Propionibacterium acnes in treatment of canine oral papillomatosis - case report

The oral papillomatosis is a benign epithelial neoplasm of viral etiology that affects mainly young and immunosuppressed animals, characterized by the development of proliferative masses called papillomas. The therapy of this disease is controversial and there isnt a highly effective treatment protocol yet. This study aims to report the use of a therapeutic protocol involving vincristine sulfate to immunostimulatory the basis of Propionibacterium acnes and liposaccharides of Escherichia coli in the treatment of oral papillomatosis in a dog. The treatment protocol consisted of weekly administration of vincristine intravenously starting at a dose of 0,025mg/kg; 0.035 mg/kg during the second week; and then 0.05mg/kg. P. acnes has administered at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly according to the manufacturer"s indications (1 ml/10 kg) every 15 days. From the third week, there was the beginning of the involution of papillomas that were gradually receding until complete resolution of the disease in three months. In this case, the using therapy proved effective, since it has provided a cure of the disease. Thus, this therapeutic protocol may be an alternative for cases refractory to usual therapy with Thuya occidentalis.

A papilomatose oral é uma neoplasia epitelial benigna de etiologia viral que acomete, principalmente, animais jovens e imunossuprimidos, sendo caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de massas proliferativas denominadas de papilomas. A terapia dessa enfermidade é assunto controverso, e até o momento, não há um protocolo terapêutico altamente eficaz. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a utilização de um protocolo terapêutico associando Sulfato de vincristina ao imunoestimulante a base de Propionibacterium acnes e lipossacarideos de Escherichia coli no tratamento de papilomatose oral em um cão. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu na administração semanal de vincristina por via intravenosa, iniciando com a dose de 0,025mg/kg; 0,035mg/kg na segunda semana; e, posteriormente, 0,05mg/kg. O P. acnes foi administrado na dose de 1ml por via intramuscular, segundo a indicação do fabricante (1ml/10kg), a cada 15 dias. A partir da terceira semana, observou-se o início da involução dos papilomas, que foram regredindo progressivamente até a resolução completa da doença em três meses. No presente caso, a terapia empregada mostrou ser eficaz, uma vez que proporcionou a cura da doença. Dessa maneira, esse protocolo terapêutico pode ser uma alternativa para casos refratários à terapia usual com Thuya occidentalis.

Associação de sulfato de vincristina e Propionibacterium acnes no tratamento de papilomatose oral canina relato de caso / Association of vincristine sulfate and Propionibacterium acnes in treatment of canine oral papillomatosis - case report

The oral papillomatosis is a benign epithelial neoplasm of viral etiology that affects mainly young and immunosuppressed animals, characterized by the development of proliferative masses called papillomas. The therapy of this disease is controversial and there isnt a highly effective treatment protocol yet. This study aims to report the use of a therapeutic protocol involving vincristine sulfate to immunostimulatory the basis of Propionibacterium acnes and liposaccharides of Escherichia coli in the treatment of oral papillomatosis in a dog. The treatment protocol consisted of weekly administration of vincristine intravenously starting at a dose of 0,025mg/kg; 0.035 mg/kg during the second week; and then 0.05mg/kg. P. acnes has administered at a dose of 1 ml intramuscularly according to the manufacturer"s indications (1 ml/10 kg) every 15 days. From the third week, there was the beginning of the involution of papillomas that were gradually receding until complete resolution of the disease in three months. In this case, the using therapy proved effective, since it has provided a cure of the disease. Thus, this therapeutic protocol may be an alternative for cases refractory to usual therapy with Thuya occidentalis.(AU)

A papilomatose oral é uma neoplasia epitelial benigna de etiologia viral que acomete, principalmente, animais jovens e imunossuprimidos, sendo caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de massas proliferativas denominadas de papilomas. A terapia dessa enfermidade é assunto controverso, e até o momento, não há um protocolo terapêutico altamente eficaz. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a utilização de um protocolo terapêutico associando Sulfato de vincristina ao imunoestimulante a base de Propionibacterium acnes e lipossacarideos de Escherichia coli no tratamento de papilomatose oral em um cão. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu na administração semanal de vincristina por via intravenosa, iniciando com a dose de 0,025mg/kg; 0,035mg/kg na segunda semana; e, posteriormente, 0,05mg/kg. O P. acnes foi administrado na dose de 1ml por via intramuscular, segundo a indicação do fabricante (1ml/10kg), a cada 15 dias. A partir da terceira semana, observou-se o início da involução dos papilomas, que foram regredindo progressivamente até a resolução completa da doença em três meses. No presente caso, a terapia empregada mostrou ser eficaz, uma vez que proporcionou a cura da doença. Dessa maneira, esse protocolo terapêutico pode ser uma alternativa para casos refratários à terapia usual com Thuya occidentalis.(AU)

Identification of canine papillomavirus type 1 (CPV1) DNA in dogs with cutaneous papillomatosis / Identificação do DNA de Papillomavirus canino tipo 1 em cães com papilomas cutâneos no Brasil

Canine oral papillomavirus (COPV), also known as Canine Papillomavirus type 1 (CPV1), induces papillomas at the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and at the haired skin of dogs. The classification of Papillomavirus (PV) types is based on the L1 capsid protein and nucleotide sequence; so far, 14 CPV types have been described in several countries, but the molecular characterization of CPV in Brazil is lacking. This study investigated the presence of the PV in seven papillomas from four mixed breed dogs from Londrina/PR, Southern Brazil, by partial sequencing of the L1 gene. Seven exophytic cutaneous lesions were surgically removed and processed for histopathological and molecular characterization. Histopathology confirmed the lesions as viral papillomas due to typical histological features. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay using the FAP59 and FAP64 primers targeted the L1 gene followed by sequence analysis of the amplicons identified CPV1 in all evaluated papilloma samples. This study represents the first description of CPV1 DNA associated with canine papillomatosis in Brazil.(AU)

O papilomavírus oral canino (COPV), também denominado Papillomavirus canino tipo 1 (CPV1), tem a capacidade de induzir papilomas na mucosa da cavidade oral e também em pele de cães. A classificação dos tipos de papilomavírus (PV) é baseada na proteína L1 do capsídeo e na sequência de nucleotídeos que a codifica. Atualmente são descritos 14 tipos de CPV, no entanto, ainda faltam estudos moleculares relacionados à identificação dos tipos de CPV no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de PV em fragmentos de papilomas obtidos de quatro cães sem raça definida, provenientes de Londrina/PR, região sul do Brasil, e definir o tipo viral por meio da análise da sequência parcial de nucleotídeos do gene L1. Sete lesões cutâneas foram cirurgicamente removidas e processadas ​​para a caracterização histopatológica e molecular. O exame histopatológico confirmou as lesões como papilomas. Foi realizada reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR), utilizando os primers FAP59 FAP64 para a amplificação parcial do gene L1, seguida por análise das sequências dos produtos amplificados, que confirmou a presença do CPV1 em todas as amostras avaliadas. Este estudo representa a primeira identificação do DNA de CPV1 associado com papilomatose canina no Brasil.(AU)

Papilomavírus oral em cão: relato de caso / Oral papillomavirus in dog: case report / Papilomavirus oral en perro: relato de caso

A papilomatose canina é uma doença viral espécie-específica que pode ser causada por diversos tipos de vírus. Sua transmissão é feita por contato direto e também indireto devido à resistência dos vírus ao meio ambiente. A manifestação clínica mais frequente é a papilomatose oral que acomete principalmente cães jovens ou cães adultos imunossuprimidos. Após um período de incubação de quatro semanas, os animais acometidos pela papilomatose viral podem ou não apresentar sintomatologia dependendo de seu estado imunológico. As lesões podem acometer toda a mucosa oral, lábio, língua e orofaringe e normalmente regridem após um período de um a dois meses. Alguns animais podem apresentar quadros de maior duração ou recidivas. Pela sua característica autolimitante, o tratamento cirúrgico com remoção das lesões é indicado apenas nos animais que apresentam dificuldade de apreensão e ingestão de alimentos. Outros tratamentos medicamentosos vêm sendo apresentados para a resolução mais rápida do quadro, porém os estudos ainda não são comprobatórios de sua eficácia.(AU)

Canine papillomatosis is a species-specific viral disease that can be caused by several types of virus. Its transmission is made by direct and also indirect contact due to virus resistance in environment. The most common clinical manifestation is oral papillomatosis, which affects mainly young dogs or immunosuppressed adult dogs. After an incubation period of 4 weeks, the animais affected by viral papillomatosis may or may not present symptomatology depending on their immunological status. Lesions may involve the entire oral mucosa, lip, tongue and oropharynx and usually regress after a period of one to two months. Some animais may present persistent and of repeatedlyrecurrent oral papillomas. Because of its self-limiting characteristics, surgical treatment with removal of lesions is indicated only in animais that present difficulties in seizure and ingestion of food. Other drug treatments have been presented for the quicker resolution of the condition, but the studies have not yet prove their efficacy.(AU)

La papilomatosis canina es una enfermedad viral de tipo especie específico que puede ser causada por diversos tipos de virus. Su transmisión es hecha por contacto directo y también indirecto debido a la resistencia de los virus ai medio ambiente. La manifestación clínica más frecuente es la papilomatosis oral que afecta principalmente los perros jóvenes o perros adultos inmunosuprimidos. Después de un período de incubación de 4 semanas, los animales acometidos por la papilomatosis viral pueden o no presentar sintomatología dependiendo de su estado inmunológico. Las lesiones pueden acometer toda Ia mucosa oral, ellabio, la lengua y la orofaringe y normalmente se remontan después de un período de uno a dos meses. Algunos animales pueden presentar cuadros de mayor duración o recidivas. Por su característica autolimitante, el tratamiento quirúrgico con remoción de las lesiones es indicado sólo en los animales que presentan dificultad de aprehensión e ingestión de alimentos. Se han presentado otros tratamientos medicamentosos para la resolución más rápida dei cuadro, pero los estudios aún no son comprobantes de su eficacia.(AU)

Papilomavírus oral em cão: relato de caso / Oral papillomavirus in dog: case report / Papilomavirus oral en perro: relato de caso

A papilomatose canina é uma doença viral espécie-específica que pode ser causada por diversos tipos de vírus. Sua transmissão é feita por contato direto e também indireto devido à resistência dos vírus ao meio ambiente. A manifestação clínica mais frequente é a papilomatose oral que acomete principalmente cães jovens ou cães adultos imunossuprimidos. Após um período de incubação de quatro semanas, os animais acometidos pela papilomatose viral podem ou não apresentar sintomatologia dependendo de seu estado imunológico. As lesões podem acometer toda a mucosa oral, lábio, língua e orofaringe e normalmente regridem após um período de um a dois meses. Alguns animais podem apresentar quadros de maior duração ou recidivas. Pela sua característica autolimitante, o tratamento cirúrgico com remoção das lesões é indicado apenas nos animais que apresentam dificuldade de apreensão e ingestão de alimentos. Outros tratamentos medicamentosos vêm sendo apresentados para a resolução mais rápida do quadro, porém os estudos ainda não são comprobatórios de sua eficácia.

Canine papillomatosis is a species-specific viral disease that can be caused by several types of virus. Its transmission is made by direct and also indirect contact due to virus resistance in environment. The most common clinical manifestation is oral papillomatosis, which affects mainly young dogs or immunosuppressed adult dogs. After an incubation period of 4 weeks, the animais affected by viral papillomatosis may or may not present symptomatology depending on their immunological status. Lesions may involve the entire oral mucosa, lip, tongue and oropharynx and usually regress after a period of one to two months. Some animais may present persistent and of repeatedlyrecurrent oral papillomas. Because of its self-limiting characteristics, surgical treatment with removal of lesions is indicated only in animais that present difficulties in seizure and ingestion of food. Other drug treatments have been presented for the quicker resolution of the condition, but the studies have not yet prove their efficacy.

La papilomatosis canina es una enfermedad viral de tipo especie específico que puede ser causada por diversos tipos de virus. Su transmisión es hecha por contacto directo y también indirecto debido a la resistencia de los virus ai medio ambiente. La manifestación clínica más frecuente es la papilomatosis oral que afecta principalmente los perros jóvenes o perros adultos inmunosuprimidos. Después de un período de incubación de 4 semanas, los animales acometidos por la papilomatosis viral pueden o no presentar sintomatología dependiendo de su estado inmunológico. Las lesiones pueden acometer toda Ia mucosa oral, ellabio, la lengua y la orofaringe y normalmente se remontan después de un período de uno a dos meses. Algunos animales pueden presentar cuadros de mayor duración o recidivas. Por su característica autolimitante, el tratamiento quirúrgico con remoción de las lesiones es indicado sólo en los animales que presentan dificultad de aprehensión e ingestión de alimentos. Se han presentado otros tratamientos medicamentosos para la resolución más rápida dei cuadro, pero los estudios aún no son comprobantes de su eficacia.

Transmissible venereal tumor treated with autohemotherapy

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cells, that affects exclusively the canine specie. The etiology of the tumor is unknown, but the hystiocitic hipothesis is the more accepted. It is transmitted principally by the venereal form, but the inplant of cells can cause the disease. The clinic signs of the neoplasia are typical and include tumoral friable mass (in shape of cauliflower), that bleed easily. The most common localization is external genitalia, but the tumor can appears in skin surface and other organs. TVT grows rapidly (progressive phase) after transplantation, followed by a static phase (without cell proliferation) and then may regress spontaneously (stage of regression). The regression of the neoplasia is associated with increased infi ltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the tumor and characterized by increased apoptosis of tumor cells and fi brosis. The diagnosis of TVT is usually done by the physical aspect of the tumor, and confirmed by cytology or histopathology. TVT can be prevented by castration of the animals. The treatment of TVT is usually performed with vincristine, which has side effects, requires care in its application, and has a relatively high cost. Thus, new therapeutic low-cost alternatives are suggested, as is the case of autohemotherapy. The autohemotherapy technique consists of administration of autologous whole blood intramuscularly. In veterinary practice has been used successfully to treat bovine papillomatosis and other diseases. Probably the mechanism of action of autohemotherapy is to enhance organic immunity. This report aimed to evaluate the behavior of the transmissible venereal tumor in six dogs with naturally transplanted tumor after treatment with autohemotherapy. Materials, Methods & Results: Six adult bitches were clinically examined and all presented transmissible venereal tumor located in external genitalia, adquired by natural transmission. Cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. The bitches were kept in kennels by one week before treatment, and it was not observed natural regression of tumor mass. After this time the animals were submitted to treatment with autohemotherapy, which consisted of application of autologous whole blood in the gluteal muscles, at dose of 10 mL. The applications were made weekly for seven weeks. All tumors were measured before and after autohemotherapy and, also weekly during the treatment. All tumors were friable and bleeding easily, multilobulated, nodulares, cauliflower-like shape, pale-pink to pale red, with surface smooth or irregular. In some animals there were signs of secondary infection. In general, the measurement of tumor ranged from 3.0 cm to 7.1 cm before of autohemotherapy. After treatment it was observed, macroscopically, a decrease of the tumoral mass in three dogs. Discussion: It was established as criterion for stopping treatment the time of seven weeks. Possibly if the treatment had been extended the regression could have been completed. Probably autohemotherapy increased immunity and, consequently, contributed to increase the body's resistance against TVT, producing regression of tumoral mass. Therefore, the autohemotherapy led to macroscopic partial regression of the tumor in 50% of animals subjected to this treatment, stimulating further research in this area.

Canine papillomatosis: a retrospective study of 24 cases (2001-2011) and immunohistochemical characterization / Papilomatose em cães: estudo retrospectivo de 24 casos (2001-2011) e caracterização imuno-histoquímica

A retrospective study of 24 cases of papillomas in dogs was performed from January 2001 to March 2011. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to characterize and evaluate the samples. We found that disease was observed more in mixed breed dogs, ages ranging from 6 months to 10 years (mean 3.1 years), and there was no gender predilection. The main lesion sites were the skin (75%), lips (16.7%), and eyelids (8.3%). Upon histological evaluation, we observed papillary exophytic proliferation of squamous epithelium and papillary endophytic proliferation (inverted) in 87.5% and 12.5% of cases, respectively. The tumors were characterized by spinous layer hyperplasia (87.5%) with koilocytes (70.8%) and intranuclear pale basophilic inclusions bodies (8.3%), prominent granular layer with large amounts of keratohyalin granules (95.8%), and hyperkeratosis in the stratum corneum (100%). Positive immunostaining for Papillomavirus was found in 83.3% of cases, which were distributed between the granular layer and the stratum corneum. These findings indicate the following: that papillomas in dogs are caused by Papillomavirus, the viral cytopathic effect induces epithelial lesions, viral particles are found inside the cell nuclei, and inclusions bodies are rare.(AU)

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 24 casos de papilomas em cães diagnosticados no período de janeiro 2001 a março de 2011, bem como a sua caracterização imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Cães sem raça definida foram os mais afetados, a idade média foi de 3,1 anos, com variação de 6 meses a 10 anos e não houve predileção sexual. Quanto à localização das lesões, 75,0% estavam na pele, 16,7% no lábio e 8,3% em pálpebra. Na avaliação histológica havia proliferação papilar exofítica do epitélio escamoso em 87,5% e papilar endofítica (invertido) em 12,5%. O tumor era caracterizado por hiperplasia do estrato espinhoso (87,5%) com coilócitos (70,8%) e inclusões intranucleares basofílicas pálidas (8,3%); o estrato granular estava proeminente com grande quantidade de grânulos de querato-hialina (95,8%); e havia hiperqueratose do estrato córneo (100%). Na avaliação IHQ para Papillomavirus houve marcação nos estratos granuloso e córneo em 83,3%. Estes achados indicam que os papilomas em cães são causados por Papillomavirus, as lesões epiteliais são decorrentes do efeito citopático viral, as partículas virais estão no núcleo das células e corpúsculos de inclusão são raros.(AU)

Papiloma invertido em um cão - relato de caso / Inverted papilloma in a dog - a case report / Papiloma invertido en un perro - relato de caso

Os papilomas virais cutâneos caninos são causados pelo papilomavírus. Apapilomatose é considerada doença de baixa frequência em cães, manifestada pela presença de lesões isoladas ou múltiplas na cavidade oral, no tecido subcutâneo ou na região ocular. As formas oral e facial exofítica são as apresentações mais comunsem cães; no entanto, o papiloma invertido cutâneo é de ocorrência rara. Os papilomas invertidos cutâneos geralmente acometem cães com menos de três anos de idade, ocorrem no abdômen ventral e na virilha e são tipicamente elevados, com um porocentral. Não regridem espontaneamente, por isso o tratamento de eleição é a remoção cirúrgica. Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar um caso de papiloma cutâneo invertidoassociado a papilomas oral e facial em uma cadela SRD, atendida em um Hospital Veterinário Escola.

Canine cutaneous viral papillomas are caused by papillomavirus. Papillomatosis is considered to be a low-frequency disease in dogs and is characterized by the presence of single or multiple lesions in the oral cavity, subcutaneous tissue, or ocular region. The oral and facial exophytic forms are the most common presentations in dogs, although cutaneous inverted papillomas are rare. The latter occur in the ventral abdomen and groin of dogs under three years of age, and are typically high with a central pore. Because inverted papillomas do not regress spontaneously, the treatment of choice is surgical removal. This article aims to report a case of cutaneous inverted papilloma associated with facial and oral papillomas in a mongrel dog helped at a School Veterinary Hospital.

Los papilomas cutâneos de origen viral en el perro son causados por unpapilomavirus. La papilomatosis está considerada como una enfermedad de baja frecuencia en los caninos, que se manifiesta por la presencia de lesiones aisladas o múltiples en la cavidad oral, del subcutáneo o de la región ocular. Las formas oral y facial exofíticas son las de presentación más común en los perros, y el papiloma cutáneo invertido suele ser de aparición mas rara. Los papilomas invertidos afectan perros de menos de tres años, se presentan en el abdomen ventral y región interna delmuslo, siendo de aspecto elevado con una depresión central. No suelen desaparecer espontaneamente , y es por esta razón que la cirugía es el tratamiento indicado. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo relatar un caso de papiloma cutáneo invertido, asociadoa papilomas en la región facial y boca , en una perra mestiza atendida en un Hospital Escuela de Veterinaria.

Papiloma invertido em um cão - relato de caso / Inverted papilloma in a dog - a case report / Papiloma invertido en un perro - relato de caso

Os papilomas virais cutâneos caninos são causados pelo papilomavírus. Apapilomatose é considerada doença de baixa frequência em cães, manifestada pela presença de lesões isoladas ou múltiplas na cavidade oral, no tecido subcutâneo ou na região ocular. As formas oral e facial exofítica são as apresentações mais comunsem cães; no entanto, o papiloma invertido cutâneo é de ocorrência rara. Os papilomas invertidos cutâneos geralmente acometem cães com menos de três anos de idade, ocorrem no abdômen ventral e na virilha e são tipicamente elevados, com um porocentral. Não regridem espontaneamente, por isso o tratamento de eleição é a remoção cirúrgica. Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar um caso de papiloma cutâneo invertidoassociado a papilomas oral e facial em uma cadela SRD, atendida em um Hospital Veterinário Escola.(AU)

Canine cutaneous viral papillomas are caused by papillomavirus. Papillomatosis is considered to be a low-frequency disease in dogs and is characterized by the presence of single or multiple lesions in the oral cavity, subcutaneous tissue, or ocular region. The oral and facial exophytic forms are the most common presentations in dogs, although cutaneous inverted papillomas are rare. The latter occur in the ventral abdomen and groin of dogs under three years of age, and are typically high with a central pore. Because inverted papillomas do not regress spontaneously, the treatment of choice is surgical removal. This article aims to report a case of cutaneous inverted papilloma associated with facial and oral papillomas in a mongrel dog helped at a School Veterinary Hospital.(AU)

Los papilomas cutâneos de origen viral en el perro son causados por unpapilomavirus. La papilomatosis está considerada como una enfermedad de baja frecuencia en los caninos, que se manifiesta por la presencia de lesiones aisladas o múltiples en la cavidad oral, del subcutáneo o de la región ocular. Las formas oral y facial exofíticas son las de presentación más común en los perros, y el papiloma cutáneo invertido suele ser de aparición mas rara. Los papilomas invertidos afectan perros de menos de tres años, se presentan en el abdomen ventral y región interna delmuslo, siendo de aspecto elevado con una depresión central. No suelen desaparecer espontaneamente , y es por esta razón que la cirugía es el tratamiento indicado. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo relatar un caso de papiloma cutáneo invertido, asociadoa papilomas en la región facial y boca , en una perra mestiza atendida en un Hospital Escuela de Veterinaria.(AU)

Diagnostic significance of mitotic index and AgNOR count in canine mammary tumours

The present study was designed to investigate the significance of mitotic index and AgNOR count in canine mammary tumours. Samples from 74 grossly suspected cases of bitches for mammary tumour were collected from different veterinary hospitals in 10% buffered formalin, of which 65 were confirmed as tumours on histopathological examination. Among them, 11 (16.92%) were benign and 54 (83.08%) were malignant tumours. Benign tumours included benign mixed mammary tumour (36.36%), fibroadenoma (27.27%), duct papilloma (18.18%) and simple adenoma (18.18%). The malignant mammary tumours comprised of papillary adenocarcinoma (27.78%), malignant mixed mammary tumour (25.92%), solid carcinoma (18.52%), squamous cell carcinoma (5.56%), fibrosarcoma (5.56%), infiltrative adenocarcinoma (3.7%), mucinous carcinoma (3.7%) and each (1.54%) of osteochondrosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, myxosarcoma, intraductal carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma (malignant myoepithelioma). Mitotic index and AgNOR counts were significantly (P<0.05) differ for benign and malignant mammary tumours. Among malignant mammary tumours mitotic index ranged from 1.08 to 4.19 with solid carcinoma showing the highest index (4.197±1.570) and osteochondrosarcoma the lowest (1.08±0.0) while in benign mammary tumours, it ranged from 0.63 t0 0.9. AgNOR counts were significantly lower (2.57± 0.68) in benign mammary tumours than malignant (3.38±1.01). From this study it was concluded that mitotic index and AgNOR count was a good indicator of transformation of tumours towards the malignancy

Diagnostic significance of mitotic index and AgNOR count in canine mammary tumours

The present study was designed to investigate the significance of mitotic index and AgNOR count in canine mammary tumours. Samples from 74 grossly suspected cases of bitches for mammary tumour were collected from different veterinary hospitals in 10% buffered formalin, of which 65 were confirmed as tumours on histopathological examination. Among them, 11 (16.92%) were benign and 54 (83.08%) were malignant tumours. Benign tumours included benign mixed mammary tumour (36.36%), fibroadenoma (27.27%), duct papilloma (18.18%) and simple adenoma (18.18%). The malignant mammary tumours comprised of papillary adenocarcinoma (27.78%), malignant mixed mammary tumour (25.92%), solid carcinoma (18.52%), squamous cell carcinoma (5.56%), fibrosarcoma (5.56%), infiltrative adenocarcinoma (3.7%), mucinous carcinoma (3.7%) and each (1.54%) of osteochondrosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, myxosarcoma, intraductal carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma (malignant myoepithelioma). Mitotic index and AgNOR counts were significantly (P<0.05) differ for benign and malignant mammary tumours. Among malignant mammary tumours mitotic index ranged from 1.08 to 4.19 with solid carcinoma showing the highest index (4.197±1.570) and osteochondrosarcoma the lowest (1.08±0.0) while in benign mammary tumours, it ranged from 0.63 t0 0.9. AgNOR counts were significantly lower (2.57± 0.68) in benign mammary tumours than malignant (3.38±1.01). From this study it was concluded that mitotic index and AgNOR count was a good indicator of transformation of tumours towards the malignancy (AU)

Auto-hemoterapia no tratamento dapapilomatose oral canina Relato de caso / Auto-hemotherapy in canine oral papillomatosis Case report

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o uso da auto-hemoterapia no tratamento da papilomatose oral canina, com modifi cação da técnica descrita pela literatura, com aplicações na base dos papilomas numa cadela da raça pastora alemã, de 5 meses de idade, pesando 15 Kg. As lesões eram do tipo tumoralem forma de “couve-fl or”, rosado e fi rme, localizadas na mucosa oral, língua, palato, faringe, epiglote e margens dos lábios. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nos sinais clínicos e pelo exame histopatológico. O tratamento instituído foi auto-hemoterapia, com a coleta do sangue pela veia jugulare aplicado na base dos papilomas e áreas circundantes, com um volume variável de acordo com o tamanho dos papilomas, a cada 4 dias. Após cinco tratamentos, os papilomas regrediram por completo. Durante o período de tratamento não se registrou nenhum efeito colateral e após 6 meses nãohouve indícios de recidiva. De acordo com os resultados, a auto-hemoterapia, com aplicação direta do sangue autólogo na base dos papilomas, foi efi caz para o tratamento da papilomatose oral canina no presente caso, sendo uma técnica de fácil aplicação e baixo custo, abrindo caminhos para maiorespesquisas no campo da auto-hemoterapia em pequenos animais de estimação. (AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of auto-hemotherapy in treatment of canine oral papillomatosis,with modifi cation of the technique described by other authors, with applications on the papillomas, in a german shepherd bitch, 5 months old, weighing 15kg. The lesions were like a“caulifl ower”, pink and fi rm, located in the oral mucosa, tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis and marginsof the lips. The diagnosis was established based on clinical signs and histopathological exams. The treatment was auto-hemotherapy. The blood was collected through the jugular vein and applied in papillomas and surrounding areas, with variable volume according to the size of the papillomas,every four days. After fi ve treatments, the papillomas regressed completely. During the treatment did not saw any side effects and after six months there was no evidence of recurrence. According to the results, the auto-hemotherapy with direct application of blood in papillomas was effective for the treatment of canine oral papillomatosis in the present case. The technique is easy to use and low cost, in that way can open a further research about auto-hemotherapy in small animals. (AU)