Granulomatous nephritis and uremia associated with Klossiella equi in a horse from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Nefrite granulomatosa e uremia associada a Klossiella equi em um equino no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Klossiella equi is an unusual protozoan of equids. In most cases, it does not cause renal injury. A case of K. equi-associated granulomatous nephritis leading to uremia in a brazilian mare is described. The animal presented colic, and among the complementary exams, increased urea and creatinine was observed. The kidneys were unremarkable on gross exam; however, a multifocal granulomatous nephritis with tubular degeneration associated with intraepithelial and intraluminal protozoa was observed histologically. The large intestines were edematous and hemorrhagic. The importance of including K. equi infection among the differential diagnosis of horses with kidney disease in southern Brazil is highlighted.

Klossiella equi é um protozoário incomum de rim de equídeos, geralmente considerado de pouca importância clínica. Descreve-se um caso de klosselliose associada a lesão renal e uremia em uma égua. O animal foi atendido com quadro de cólica, e dentre os exames, foi constatado aumento de ureia e creatinina. Na necropsia, os rins não apresentavam lesões macroscópicas, no entanto, na histopatologia, observou-se nefrite granulomatosa com degeneração tubular associada a protozoários intraepiteliais e intraluminais. A parede do intestino grosso estava edemaciada e hemorrágica. Se destaca a importância da inclusão de infecção por K. equi nos diagnósticos diferenciais de equinos com doença renal no sul do Brasil.

Main causes of cattle slaughter condemnation under the state sanitary inspection in Bahia, Brazil / Principais causas de condenação de bovinos abatidos sob inspeção sanitária estadual na Bahia, Brasil

Slaughter condemnations are important sources of information on cattle health and handling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main causes of condemnation of cattle slaughter under the state sanitary inspection by the Diretoria de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Agropecuária (DIPA) of Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB), in Bahia, Brazil. A retrospective data of all cattle slaughtered from 2012 to 2019 was obtained from DIPA ­ ADAB. During this period, 4,635,615 cattle were slaughtered and 1,452,472 (31.33%) condemnations were registered to have occurred at varying levels in all regions of the state. The more condemned organs were kidneys and lungs; and the main causes of condemnation were nephritis (11.79%), congestion (11.20%), emphysema (10.72%), blood aspiration (8.36%), renal cysts (5.75%), and abscesses (5.71%). However, other condemnation causes such as cysticercosis, fasciolosis, and tuberculosis were observed at lower rates. Results showed that the main causes of condemnation of cattle slaughter were not related to zoonotic diseases instead were more involved in partial condemnation of organs.(AU)

As condenações no momento do abate dos animais são importantes fontes de informação sobre a saúde e o manejo do rebanho. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as principais causas de condenações em bovinos abatidos sob sistema de inspeção estadual da Diretoria de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPA) da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária da Bahia (ADAB), no estado da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo retrospectivo obteve os dados da DIPA ­ ADAB e analisou os dados de animais abatidos entre 2012 e 2019. Nesse período, foram abatidos 4.635.615 bovinos e 1.452.472 (31,33%) de condenações foram observadas em todas as regiões variando em diferentes níveis. Os órgãos mais condenados foram rins e pulmões e as principais causas de condenação encontradas foram nefrite (11,79%), congestão (11,20%), enfisema (10,72%), aspiração de sangue (8,36%), cistos renais (5,75%) e abscessos (5,71%). No entanto, outras causas com taxas de condenação menores como cisticercose, fasciolose e tuberculose também foram observadas. Os resultados mostram que as principais causas de condenação não estão relacionadas com doenças com potencial zoonótico e levam a condenações parciais das vísceras acometidas.(AU)

Atypical chronic copper poisoning in a sheep secondary to copper wire ingestion: case report / Intoxicação crônica por cobre atípica em ovino pelo consumo de fios de cobre: relato de caso

A 14-month-old female Texel sheep that came from a herd made up of 19 animals showed haemoglobinuria, apathy, and anorexia, and died two days after the start of the clinical signals. The sheep remained in a natural grassland, where trailers were repaired, and multiple copper wires were deposited on the pasture. The animal had tachycardia, tachypnoea, pale mucous membranes, groaning pain on abdominal palpation, circling, head pressing, intensely hemolyzed plasma, and intense azotaemia. The necropsy showed focally extensive oedema in the inguinal and medial region of pelvic limbs, kidneys dark brown, and liver diffusely yellow with an evident moderate diffuse lobular pattern. The abomasum had a considerable amount of enameled material of thickness, firm to the cut, with 1-5 mm (copper wires). Histopathological examination showed marked diffuse tubular and glomerular coagulative necrosis in the kidneys, in addition to neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with moderate multifocal nephritis. The liver showed centrilobular necrosis, moderate hepatocellular edema, multifocal cholestasis, and in the lungs and brain mild to moderate diffuse edema. Copper content in the frozen liver (in natura) reached 1,598 mg/kg. Copper mesh ingestion led to sheep poisoning, which in this case was considered an atypical form of chronic primary copper poisoning.

Um ovino Texel de 14 meses de idade, que fazia parte de um rebanho de 19 animais, apresentou hemoglobinúria, apatia, anorexia e morreu dois dias após o início dos sinais clínicos. Os ovinos permaneciam em campo nativo, onde eram realizados consertos de trailers, e múltiplos fios de cobre ficavam depositados na pastagem. O animal apresentou taquicardia, taquipneia, mucosas pálidas, gemido de dor à palpação abdominal, além de andar em círculo, e pressão da cabeça contra obstáculos, plasma intensamente hemolisado e azotemia intensa. Na necropsia, havia edema na região inguinal e medial de membros pélvicos focalmente extenso, rins enegrecidos, e o fígado estava difusamente amarelado, com padrão lobular evidente difuso moderado. No abomaso, havia grande quantidade de material esmaltado, com 1-5mm de espessura, firme, que rangia ao ser cortado (fios de cobre). No exame histopatológico nos rins, havia necrose tubular e glomerular hemoglobinúrica difusa acentuada, além de nefrite de neutrófilios, macrófagos, linfócitos e plasmócitos multifocal moderada. No fígado, havia necrose centrolobular, tumefação hepatocelular e colestase multifocais moderadas; nos pulmões e no cérebro, edema difuso discreto a moderado. A dosagem de Cu no fígado revelou a presença de 1598mg/kg. A ingestão de malhas de cobre levou à intoxicação do ovino que, nesse caso, foi considerada uma forma atípica de intoxicação primária crônica por cobre.

Porcine circovirus 2 and 3 in wild boars in Southern Brazil / Circovírus suíno 2 e 3 em javalis no Sul do Brasil

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has a considerable economic impact on the pork industry worldwide for more than two decades. In 2016, a new circovirus, porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), was described; since then, it has been reported to be associated with diseased or even in clinically healthy swine in several countries. Considering the importance of wild boars as reservoirs of swine pathogens and the extensive distribution of these animals in Rio Grande do Sul and throughout the national territory, we searched for PCV2 and PCV3 in twenty-six wild boars coupled with necropsy and histologic examination of the sampled animals. Using PCR, 182 tissue samples were analyzed, including the heart, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. PCV2 and PCV3 were detected in 57.7% (15/26) and 15.4% (4/26) of wild boars, respectively. Furthermore, co-infection with PCV2 and PCV3 was detected in one of these animals, with PCV2 or PCV3 DNA detection in multiple organs. Histological examination showed mild to moderate and multifocal lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis distributed randomly throughout the renal cortex, apparently unrelated to PCV2 or PCV3 detection. The wild boar population in Brazil is extensive, indicating the presence of a larger number of swine pathogen hosts. In the present study, more than half of the wild boars harbored PCV2; and although less frequently, PCV3 was also detected. Therefore, free-living wild boars can serve as reservoirs of swine circoviruses in southern Brazil.

O circovírus suíno 2 (PCV2) tem causado impacto econômico na indústria suína em todo o mundo por mais de duas décadas. Em 2016, um novo circovírus foi descrito - circovírus suíno 3 (PCV3) - e desde então tem sido relatado em vários países associado a doenças ou mesmo suínos saudáveis. Diante da importância dos javalis como reservatórios de patógenos suínos, e da ampla distribuição desses animais no Rio Grande do Sul e em todo o território nacional, foi realizada pesquisa de PCV2 e PCV3 em vinte e seis javalis (10 fêmeas e 16 machos). Necropsia e exame histológico foram realizados. Utilizando PCR, foram analisadas 182 amostras de tecidos incluindo: coração, rins, fígado, pulmão, linfonodos, baço e tonsila. PCV2 e PCV3 foram detectados por PCR em 57,7% (15/26) e 15,4% (4/26) dos javalis, respectivamente. Um destes animais estava co-infectado por PCV2 e PCV3. O DNA do PCV2 ou PCV3 foi detectado em multiplos órgãos. No exame histológico foi observada nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocitária multifocal leve a moderada, distribuída aleatoriamente pelo córtex renal, aparentemente sem relação com a detecção de DNA viral. A população de javalis no Brasil é extensa, resultando em maior número de hospedeiros para patógenos de suínos. No presente estudo, mais da metade dos javalis capturados abrigavam PCV2 e, embora menos frequente, PCV3 também foi detectado. Os javalis de vida livre podem servir como reservatórios de circovírus suínos no sul do Brasil.

Ultrasonographic detection of interstitial nephritis in a canine fetus

Background: A detailed ultrasound examination of the fetal urinary tract as part of prenatal care is important to detect possibleabnormalities. Early diagnosis can prevent more serious damage such as loss of kidney function. Interstitial nephritis cancompromise renal functionality. Also, acute interstitial nephritis is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury and can becomechronic if not treated. Besides, a renal biopsy can help in the diagnosis and at the staging of the disease. Therefore, thisreport aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings of the renal tissues in a canine fetus affected by interstitial nephritis.Case: Gestational ultrasound evaluations were performed in a female Pug, at the 25th, 45th, and 58th gestational days.Ultrasound examination was performed with a 9.0 MHz linear transducer and a high-resolution digital transducer with afrequency standardized at 17.0 MHz. During the first evaluation, embryonic vesicles were detected and were compatible withthe gestational period. At 45 days of gestation, some abnormalities were observed in the kidneys of one of the fetuses, suchas increased cortical echogenicity, cortical thickening, loss of corticomedullary ratio (1:1), renal pelvis and ureter dilatationby echogenic content. Biparietal and abdominal diameters were also lower than that from the other fetuses, which did notshow abnormalities, being compatible with the estimated gestational age. However, the heart rate was similar among allfetuses. On the 58th day, we observed in the underdeveloped fetus that both kidneys still presented the abnormalities seenpreviously, in addition to the presence of a cystic structure in the right kidney, in the cranial...

Ultrasonographic detection of interstitial nephritis in a canine fetus

Background: A detailed ultrasound examination of the fetal urinary tract as part of prenatal care is important to detect possibleabnormalities. Early diagnosis can prevent more serious damage such as loss of kidney function. Interstitial nephritis cancompromise renal functionality. Also, acute interstitial nephritis is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury and can becomechronic if not treated. Besides, a renal biopsy can help in the diagnosis and at the staging of the disease. Therefore, thisreport aims to describe the ultrasonographic findings of the renal tissues in a canine fetus affected by interstitial nephritis.Case: Gestational ultrasound evaluations were performed in a female Pug, at the 25th, 45th, and 58th gestational days.Ultrasound examination was performed with a 9.0 MHz linear transducer and a high-resolution digital transducer with afrequency standardized at 17.0 MHz. During the first evaluation, embryonic vesicles were detected and were compatible withthe gestational period. At 45 days of gestation, some abnormalities were observed in the kidneys of one of the fetuses, suchas increased cortical echogenicity, cortical thickening, loss of corticomedullary ratio (1:1), renal pelvis and ureter dilatationby echogenic content. Biparietal and abdominal diameters were also lower than that from the other fetuses, which did notshow abnormalities, being compatible with the estimated gestational age. However, the heart rate was similar among allfetuses. On the 58th day, we observed in the underdeveloped fetus that both kidneys still presented the abnormalities seenpreviously, in addition to the presence of a cystic structure in the right kidney, in the cranial...(AU)

Sepsis due to Yersinia enterocolitica in an aborted equine fetus: case report / Sepse por Yersinia enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado: relato de caso

Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and there are no previous records of this bacteria being isolated from aborted foals. This report aims to describe a case of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica in a seven month old aborted equine. The fequinoetus was submitted to necropsy and samples of all the organs were collected for the histological exam. Samples of liver, lung, placenta, and stomach contents were collected for bacterial culture. Macroscopically, the liver was enlarged with yellowish heterogeneous color, heart with pale myocardial areas; lungs not collapsed, heavy and shiny, thickened umbilical cord covered with fibrin and pus. Histopathologically, there was moderate multifocal necrosuppurative myocarditis and thrombosis, moderate diffuse suppurative bronchopneumonia, mild multifocal fibrinonecrotic hepatitis, and moderate diffuse necrosuppurative omphalitis with intralesional bacterial myriads and thrombosis. Mild multifocal suppurative placentitis, nephritis, myositis, cystitis, and dermatitis were also observed, in addition to mild diffuse lymphoid rarefaction. The microbiological evaluation identified Y. enterocolitica in the liver, lung, and stomach fluid. This is the first report of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica causing an abortion in a horse. This bacterium has zoonotic importance; therefore, it should be investigated in abortion in this species, serving as a differential diagnosis in reproductive disorders.(AU)

Yersinia enterocolitica é uma bactéria com potencial zoonótico, e não há informações desse agente como causa de abortamento em equinos. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de sepse por Y. enterocolitica em um feto equino abortado aos sete meses. O feto foi submetido à necropsia, e amostras de todos os órgãos foram processadas para histopatologia. Para microbiologia, foram coletadas amostras de fígado, pulmão, placenta e conteúdo estomacal. Macroscopicamente, observou-se fígado aumentado com coloração amarelada heterogênea; coração com áreas pálidas no miocárdio; pulmões não colabados, pesados e brilhantes; e cordão umbilical espessado e recoberto por fibrina e pus. Na análise histopatológica, havia miocardite necrossupurativa multifocal moderada e trombose, broncopneumonia supurativa difusa moderada, hepatite fibrinonecrótica multifocal discreta e onfalite necrossupurativa difusa moderada com miríades bacterianas intralesionais e trombose. Observou-se também placentite, nefrite, miosite, cistite e dermatite supurativa multifocal discreta, além de rarefação linfoide difusa discreta. A avaliação microbiológica identificou Y. enterocolitica no fígado, no pulmão e no líquido estomacal. Este é o primeiro relato de sepse por Y. enterocolitica causando abortamento na espécie equina. Essa bactéria tem importância zoonótica, portanto deve ser investigada em casos de abortamento nessa espécie, servindo como diagnóstico diferencial em tal distúrbio reprodutivo.(AU)

Granulomatous lesions in multiple organs in a horse caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis

The present report describes the clinical, macroscopic and histologic findings associated with Halicephalobus gingivalis infection in a male Arab horse, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The animal presented with acute neurologic signs that quickly progressed to a comatose status. Due to the lack of response to therapy, rapid progression of signs and poor prognosis, the horse was euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed large granulomatous nodules in the kidneys. Renal and internal iliac lymph nodes were enlarged and with loss of corticomedullary distinction. Histopathology revealed granulomatous encephalitis, nephritis, lymphadenitis and focal granulomatous pneumonia associated with marked and chronic infection caused by H. gingivalis. This is the first report of H. gingivalis infection in horses in Minas Gerais. H. gingivalis infection should be included in the list of differential diagnosis of equine neurologic diseases in the state of Minas Gerais.

Renal myxoma in a feline

Background: Renal neoplasms are a rare condition in felines, with metastatic lymphoma presenting the highest incidencerate. Secondary renal neoplasms are more frequent (88%) than primary renal tumors, with primary mesenquimal renalneoplasms accounting for 22% of the cases and the incidence of benign tumors not exceeding 5%. Myxomas are neoplasmsin undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with abundant reproduction of the myxoid matrix, with few few case reports aboutthis type of neoplasm in the veterinary literature. This study reports the first case of renal myxoma in a young feline afflicted by granulomatous nephritis and diagnosed with FIP (Feline Infectious Peritonitis).Case: A 9-month-old, male, mixed breed feline, was admitted into the Veterinary Hospital maintained by the Schoolof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Brazil, presenting symptoms such progressive weight loss andoccasional episodes of emesis for one week, progressing to anorexia, hematochezia, vocalization, lack of coordination,spasms, anuria and inability to defecate. A physical examination revealed moderate dehydration, low temperatures (<33ºC), dyspnea (36 mpm), slight hyperglycemia (187 mg/dL) and distension of the abdomen and of the urinary bladder.The hematological assay and the serum biochemistry assay revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemiaand slight uremia. In view of the severity of the neurologic signs and lack of response to the clinical treatment, the owneropted to euthanize the animal. The necropsy revealed diffused jaundice, with kidney injuries observed through the palecoloration of the tissue and irregular surface with multiple off-white small nodules distributed in a marked and diffuseway. The same injury pattern was observed markedly in the lungs and discretely in the spleen and liver. The material collected was fixed in a 10% formalin solution, and processed according to the routine technique (Hematoxylin & Eosin)...

Granulomatous lesions in multiple organs in a horse caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis

The present report describes the clinical, macroscopic and histologic findings associated with Halicephalobus gingivalis infection in a male Arab horse, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The animal presented with acute neurologic signs that quickly progressed to a comatose status. Due to the lack of response to therapy, rapid progression of signs and poor prognosis, the horse was euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed large granulomatous nodules in the kidneys. Renal and internal iliac lymph nodes were enlarged and with loss of corticomedullary distinction. Histopathology revealed granulomatous encephalitis, nephritis, lymphadenitis and focal granulomatous pneumonia associated with marked and chronic infection caused by H. gingivalis. This is the first report of H. gingivalis infection in horses in Minas Gerais. H. gingivalis infection should be included in the list of differential diagnosis of equine neurologic diseases in the state of Minas Gerais.(AU)

Renal myxoma in a feline

Background: Renal neoplasms are a rare condition in felines, with metastatic lymphoma presenting the highest incidencerate. Secondary renal neoplasms are more frequent (88%) than primary renal tumors, with primary mesenquimal renalneoplasms accounting for 22% of the cases and the incidence of benign tumors not exceeding 5%. Myxomas are neoplasmsin undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with abundant reproduction of the myxoid matrix, with few few case reports aboutthis type of neoplasm in the veterinary literature. This study reports the first case of renal myxoma in a young feline afflicted by granulomatous nephritis and diagnosed with FIP (Feline Infectious Peritonitis).Case: A 9-month-old, male, mixed breed feline, was admitted into the Veterinary Hospital maintained by the Schoolof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Brazil, presenting symptoms such progressive weight loss andoccasional episodes of emesis for one week, progressing to anorexia, hematochezia, vocalization, lack of coordination,spasms, anuria and inability to defecate. A physical examination revealed moderate dehydration, low temperatures (<33ºC), dyspnea (36 mpm), slight hyperglycemia (187 mg/dL) and distension of the abdomen and of the urinary bladder.The hematological assay and the serum biochemistry assay revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemiaand slight uremia. In view of the severity of the neurologic signs and lack of response to the clinical treatment, the owneropted to euthanize the animal. The necropsy revealed diffused jaundice, with kidney injuries observed through the palecoloration of the tissue and irregular surface with multiple off-white small nodules distributed in a marked and diffuseway. The same injury pattern was observed markedly in the lungs and discretely in the spleen and liver. The material collected was fixed in a 10% formalin solution, and processed according to the routine technique (Hematoxylin & Eosin)...(AU)

Causas e prejuízos econômicos por condenação visceral de bovinos em um matadouro frigorífico sob inspeção oficial no município de Corumbá, MS, Brasil / Origin and economic losses decured of bovine visceral condemnation in a slaughterhouse under official inspection in Corumbá, MS, Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar as principais causas de condenações viscerais e seus prejuízos econômicos em um matadouro frigorífico localizado na cidade de Corumbá - MS. Foi realizada a quantificação do número de cabeças e órgãos condenados, identificação das principais lesões e estimativa dos prejuízos econômicos causados pelas mesmas. Foram abatidos 21.097 animais, dos quais 13.215 vísceras foram condenadas. Os órgãos com maiores índices de condenações foram os pulmões (47,73%), seguido dos rins (30,2%) e fígados (12,24%). As lesões de maior incidência de condenações foram enfisema pulmonar (27,63%), nefrite (17,43) e aspiração ruminal (13,43%). As condenações levaram a um prejuízo de R$ 73.484,19 em um ano. O fígado foi o órgão responsável por mais da metade das perdas econômicas (56,59%).(AU)

Causas e prejuízos econômicos por condenação visceral de bovinos em um matadouro frigorífico sob inspeção oficial no município de Corumbá, MS, Brasil / Origin and economic losses decured of bovine visceral condemnation in a slaughterhouse under official inspection in Corumbá, MS, Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar as principais causas de condenações viscerais e seus prejuízos econômicos em um matadouro frigorífico localizado na cidade de Corumbá - MS. Foi realizada a quantificação do número de cabeças e órgãos condenados, identificação das principais lesões e estimativa dos prejuízos econômicos causados pelas mesmas. Foram abatidos 21.097 animais, dos quais 13.215 vísceras foram condenadas. Os órgãos com maiores índices de condenações foram os pulmões (47,73%), seguido dos rins (30,2%) e fígados (12,24%). As lesões de maior incidência de condenações foram enfisema pulmonar (27,63%), nefrite (17,43) e aspiração ruminal (13,43%). As condenações levaram a um prejuízo de R$ 73.484,19 em um ano. O fígado foi o órgão responsável por mais da metade das perdas econômicas (56,59%).

Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep / Surto de enterotoxemia por Clostridium perfringens tipo D em ovinos

This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.

Este trabalho descreve o primeiro surto brasileiro com confirmação laboratorial de enterotoxemia em ovinos por Clostridium perfringens tipo D, ocorrido no estado do Paraná, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos, sinais clínicos observados, achados patológicos e diagnóstico empregado. Oito fêmeas ovina, gestantes, em bom estado corporal e com histórico de mudanças bruscas na alimentação, sem histórico de vacinação para clostridioses, apresentaram manifestações clínicas neurológicas que logo evoluíram para decúbito, coma e morte. Outras quatro fêmeas apresentaram os sinais clínicos neurológicos e foram encaminhadas ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná, setor Palotina. Os animais foram examinados e submetidos à eutanásia devido à gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico desfavorável. Destes quatro animais foram coletados fragmentos de órgãos e do conteúdo intestinal. Foi realizada análise macroscópica e microscópica dos órgãos, bem como isolamento bacteriano, tipificação molecular do agente e a detecção das toxinas por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos a partir do conteúdo intestinal. Os quatro ovinos examinados apresentaram letargia, incoordenação motora, opistótono, movimentos de pedalagem, tremores musculares, paralisia espástica, bruxismo, trismo mandibular, sialorréia, hiperexcitabilidade e decúbito. Na necropsia, constatou-se edema pulmonar (2/4), enterite necrohemorrágica (4/4) e hiperemia de leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopicamente havia pneumonia intersticial linfohistiocitária, enterite necrótica associada com a presença de bastonetes e nefrose com nefrite intersticial linfohistiocitária. Não foram observadas lesões encefálicas dignas de nota em função do quadro agudo da doença. Por meio da soroneutralização foi possível identificar a presença da toxina épsilon no conteúdo intestinal dos quatro...

Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep / Surto de enterotoxemia por Clostridium perfringens tipo D em ovinos

This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve o primeiro surto brasileiro com confirmação laboratorial de enterotoxemia em ovinos por Clostridium perfringens tipo D, ocorrido no estado do Paraná, abordando os aspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos, sinais clínicos observados, achados patológicos e diagnóstico empregado. Oito fêmeas ovina, gestantes, em bom estado corporal e com histórico de mudanças bruscas na alimentação, sem histórico de vacinação para clostridioses, apresentaram manifestações clínicas neurológicas que logo evoluíram para decúbito, coma e morte. Outras quatro fêmeas apresentaram os sinais clínicos neurológicos e foram encaminhadas ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná, setor Palotina. Os animais foram examinados e submetidos à eutanásia devido à gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico desfavorável. Destes quatro animais foram coletados fragmentos de órgãos e do conteúdo intestinal. Foi realizada análise macroscópica e microscópica dos órgãos, bem como isolamento bacteriano, tipificação molecular do agente e a detecção das toxinas por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em camundongos a partir do conteúdo intestinal. Os quatro ovinos examinados apresentaram letargia, incoordenação motora, opistótono, movimentos de pedalagem, tremores musculares, paralisia espástica, bruxismo, trismo mandibular, sialorréia, hiperexcitabilidade e decúbito. Na necropsia, constatou-se edema pulmonar (2/4), enterite necrohemorrágica (4/4) e hiperemia de leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopicamente havia pneumonia intersticial linfohistiocitária, enterite necrótica associada com a presença de bastonetes e nefrose com nefrite intersticial linfohistiocitária. Não foram observadas lesões encefálicas dignas de nota em função do quadro agudo da doença. Por meio da soroneutralização foi possível identificar a presença da toxina épsilon no conteúdo intestinal dos quatro...(AU)

Primer design for complete sequencing of the Avastrovirus ORF2 gene / Desenho de primers para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avastrovirus

Avastrovirus infection is associated with enteric disease, nephritis, and hepatitis in birds. In this study, we present a protocol for the complete sequencing of the ORF2 gene of avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), and turkey astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) using a conventional Sanger technique. Previously and newly designed primer pairs targeting both the conserved flanking and internal regions of the ORF2 gene of these three viruses were used. The information derived from the astroviral sequences obtained in this study is fundamental for characterizing this virus and providing data regarding several aspects of disease epidemiology and prevention.

As infecções por avastrovírus estão associados à doença entérica, nefrite e hepatite em aves. Aqui, nos presentamos um protocolo planejado para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avian Nephritis Vírus (ANV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) e Turkey Astrovirus tipo 1 (TAstV-1), usando a técnica de sequenciamento convencional de Sanger. Foram usados primers previamente descritos e desenhados neste estudo, tendo como alvo as regiões conservadas flanqueadoras e internas dentro do gene ORF2 nos três vírus. O conhecimento destas sequencias é um elemento chave para caracterizar o vírus e prover de dados em diversos aspectos da epidemiologia e prevenção da doença.

Primer design for complete sequencing of the Avastrovirus ORF2 gene / Desenho de primers para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avastrovirus

Avastrovirus infection is associated with enteric disease, nephritis, and hepatitis in birds. In this study, we present a protocol for the complete sequencing of the ORF2 gene of avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), and turkey astrovirus type 1 (TAstV-1) using a conventional Sanger technique. Previously and newly designed primer pairs targeting both the conserved flanking and internal regions of the ORF2 gene of these three viruses were used. The information derived from the astroviral sequences obtained in this study is fundamental for characterizing this virus and providing data regarding several aspects of disease epidemiology and prevention.(AU)

As infecções por avastrovírus estão associados à doença entérica, nefrite e hepatite em aves. Aqui, nos presentamos um protocolo planejado para o sequenciamento completo do gene ORF2 em Avian Nephritis Vírus (ANV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) e Turkey Astrovirus tipo 1 (TAstV-1), usando a técnica de sequenciamento convencional de Sanger. Foram usados primers previamente descritos e desenhados neste estudo, tendo como alvo as regiões conservadas flanqueadoras e internas dentro do gene ORF2 nos três vírus. O conhecimento destas sequencias é um elemento chave para caracterizar o vírus e prover de dados em diversos aspectos da epidemiologia e prevenção da doença.(AU)

Surto de leptospirose em bezerros criados em resteva de arroz

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which affect domestic and wild animals, and also humans. From October to November 2014, in a rural property located in Glorinha, RS, where cattle were kept in the rice stubble, thirteen calves presented hemoglobinuria and apathy, nine of which died within less than 24 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Four calves were necropsied (A, B, C and D). Tissue samples were collected in 10% formalin. Samples of kidney, liver and lung from calves B, C and D were sent for PCR analysis for 16S ribosomal RNA and the protein Lip 32 genes of Leptospira. At macroscopic examination jaundiced mucosae and subcutaneous tissue, orange liver, and lungs with multiple petechiae, predominantly in cranial lobes, were observed. The thoracic cavity of calf A was filled with a reddish fluid. At microscopic examination, severe hemorrhage was observed in the lungs; in the liver there was moderate diffuse centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis and vacuolization, in addition to discrete periportal lymphocytic infiltrate. Discrete multifocal lymphoplasmocytic interstitial nephritis was observed in the kidneys. PCR analyzis resulted positive for calves B and D. The diagnosis of leptospirosis in the calves was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings associated with positive PCR analysis. This study demonstrates the importance of investigation of the disease when young bovids are raised in flooded areas and have clinical signs of an acute septicemic disease.

RESUMO: A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira, que afeta animais domésticos, selvagens e também humanos. De outubro a novembro de 2014, numa propriedade rural localizada em Glorinha, RS, em que bovinos eram mantidos em resteva de arroz, 13 bezerros manifestaram hemoglobinúria e apatia, nove dos quais morreram em menos de 24 horas após o início dos sinais clínicos. Foram necropsiados quatro bezerros (A, B, C e D). Fragmentos de tecido foram fixados em formalina a 10%. Amostras de rim, fígado e pulmão dos Bezerros B, C e D foram enviadas para análise de PCR para RNA ribossômico 16S e a proteína Lip 32 de Leptospira. No exame macroscópico foram observados mucosas e tecido subcutâneo amarelados, fígado alaranjado, pulmões com múltiplas petéquias, predominantemente nos lóbulos craniais. A cavidade torácica do Bezerro A estava repleta de um líquido vermelho-escuro. À avaliação microscópica foi observada hemorragia acentuada nos pulmões; no fígado havia necrose e vacuolização hepatocelular centrolobular difusa moderada, além de infiltrado linfocítico periportal discreto. Nos rins observou-se nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocítica discreta multifocal. A análise por PCR teve resultado positivo para os Bezerros B e D. O diagnóstico de leptospirose nos bezerros foi baseado nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos, associados ao resultado positivo na PCR. Este estudo demonstra a importância da investigação da doença quando animais jovens são criados em áreas inundadas e têm manifestações clínicas de doença septicêmica aguda.

Epidemiological data and a score-based study of renal, hepatic and cerebral lesions in feline infectious peritonitis / Dados epidemiológicos e estudo baseado em escore de lesões renais, hepáticas e cerebrais na peritonite infecciosa felina

The study describes the epidemiological and pathological findings observed in a population of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and estimated the degree of tissue destruction in the kidney, brain, and liver. A retrospective study was performed to determine the number of cats with a histopathological diagnosis of FIP between 2005-2016, at the Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. The histopathological alterations in selected organs (brain, liver and kidneys) associated with FIP were described and then compared with a scoring system to estimate the degree of tissue destruction. FIP was diagnosed in 3.7% (19/520) of all cats necropsied during the 11-year period; sexual and breed predominance were not identified. Cats that were less than one-year-old were more frequently diagnosed with FIP. Pyogranulomatous nephritis with vasculitis (94.7%; 18/19), coagulative renal necrosis (84.2%; 16/19), hepatocellular necrosis (57.9; 11/19), and necrotizing leptomeningitis (47.4%; 9/19) were the most frequent lesions observed. Moreover, FIP-associated renal lesions were more severe and frequently observed when compared with those in the brain and liver. It is proposed that necrosis be considered as an important lesion associated with FIP that should be included in the histopathological diagnosis of this disease.(AU)

Este estudo descreve os achados epidemiológicos e patológicos observados em uma população de gatos com peritonite infecciosa felina (PIF) e mensurou o grau de lesão tecidual no rim, cérebro e fígado. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo para determinar o número de gatos com diagnóstico histopatológico de PIF entre 2005-2016, no Laboratório de Patologia Animal, na Universidade Estadual de Londrina. As alterações histopatológicas associadas à PIF em órgãos selecionados (cérebro, fígado e rins) foram descritas e comparadas com um sistema de pontuação para estimar o grau de lesão tecidual. A PIF foi diagnosticada em 3,7% (19/520) de todos os gatos necropsiados durante o período de 11 anos. Não houve diferença estatística para sexo e raça. Gatos que tinham menos de um ano de idade foram frequentemente diagnosticados com PIF. As lesões mais frequentes observadas foram nefrite piogranulomatosa com vasculite (94,7%; 18/19), necrose renal coagulante (84,2%, 16/19), necrose hepatocelular (57,9%; 11) e leptomeningite necrotizante (47,9%; 9/19). Além disso, as lesões renais associadas ao PIF foram mais graves e frequentes quando comparadas com as do cérebro e fígado. Propõe-se que a necrose seja considerada como uma importante lesão associada a PIF que deve ser incluída no diagnóstico histopatológico desta doença.(AU)

Surto de leptospirose em bezerros criados em resteva de arroz / Leptospirosis outbreak in calves maintained in a rice stubble field

A leptospirose é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira, que afeta animais domésticos, selvagens e também humanos. De outubro a novembro de 2014, numa propriedade rural localizada em Glorinha, RS, em que bovinos eram mantidos em resteva de arroz, 13 bezerros manifestaram hemoglobinúria e apatia, nove dos quais morreram em menos de 24 horas após o início dos sinais clínicos. Foram necropsiados quatro bezerros (A, B, C e D). Fragmentos de tecido foram fixados em formalina a 10%. Amostras de rim, fígado e pulmão dos Bezerros B, C e D foram enviadas para análise de PCR para RNA ribossômico 16S e a proteína Lip 32 de Leptospira. No exame macroscópico foram observados mucosas e tecido subcutâneo amarelados, fígado alaranjado, pulmões com múltiplas petéquias, predominantemente nos lóbulos craniais. A cavidade torácica do Bezerro A estava repleta de um líquido vermelho-escuro. À avaliação microscópica foi observada hemorragia acentuada nos pulmões; no fígado havia necrose e vacuolização hepatocelular centrolobular difusa moderada, além de infiltrado linfocítico periportal discreto. Nos rins observou-se nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocítica discreta multifocal. A análise por PCR teve resultado positivo para os Bezerros B e D. O diagnóstico de leptospirose nos bezerros foi baseado nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos, associados ao resultado positivo na PCR. Este estudo demonstra a importância da investigação da doença quando animais jovens são criados em áreas inundadas e têm manifestações clínicas de doença septicêmica aguda.(AU)

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which affect domestic and wild animals, and also humans. From October to November 2014, in a rural property located in Glorinha, RS, where cattle were kept in the rice stubble, thirteen calves presented hemoglobinuria and apathy, nine of which died within less than 24 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Four calves were necropsied (A, B, C and D). Tissue samples were collected in 10% formalin. Samples of kidney, liver and lung from calves B, C and D were sent for PCR analysis for 16S ribosomal RNA and the protein Lip 32 genes of Leptospira. At macroscopic examination jaundiced mucosae and subcutaneous tissue, orange liver, and lungs with multiple petechiae, predominantly in cranial lobes, were observed. The thoracic cavity of calf A was filled with a reddish fluid. At microscopic examination, severe hemorrhage was observed in the lungs; in the liver there was moderate diffuse centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis and vacuolization, in addition to discrete periportal lymphocytic infiltrate. Discrete multifocal lymphoplasmocytic interstitial nephritis was observed in the kidneys. PCR analyzis resulted positive for calves B and D. The diagnosis of leptospirosis in the calves was based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings associated with positive PCR analysis. This study demonstrates the importance of investigation of the disease when young bovids are raised in flooded areas and have clinical signs of an acute septicemic disease.(AU)