Adenocarcinoma de la glándula suprarrenal en una perra / Adenocarcinoma of the adrenal gland in a female dog / Adenocarcinoma da glândula adrenal em uma cadela

El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso de neoplasia adrenocortical con manifestación de hiperadrenocorticismo. Los tumores adrenocorticales se originan a partir de diferentes tipos de células y presentan una variada manifestación clínica, que puede ser funcionante o no funcionante. Los adenocarcinomas son autónomos y funcionales en la mayoría de los casos, lo que lleva a una secreción excesiva de glucocorticoides, independientemente del control pituitario. Corroboran la aparición de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) al interferir con la síntesis de cortisol. Los signos clínicos observados pueden ser poliuria, polidipsia compensatoria, polifagia, alteraciones de la presión arterial, disfunciones cardíacas, renales y endocrinas, entre otras, estas manifestaciones clínicas pueden presentarse de forma aislada o en asociación. El diagnóstico se puede obtener de varias maneras, como mediciones de cortisol urinario, estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotrópica, pruebas de supresión con dosis bajas de dexametasona y pruebas de imagen. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico definitivo se basa en el uso de la histopatología. Este artículo reporta el caso de una mujer mestiza de 13 años con signos de poliuria y polidipsia. Tras descartar los diagnósticos iniciales (diabetes mellitus y/o alteraciones renales), se sospechó HAC, realizándose nuevas pruebas. Los resultados de los exámenes mostraro

The aim of this article is to describe a case of adrenocortical neoplasm with manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenocortical tumors originate from different types of cells and present varied clinical manifestations, which can be functional or non-functional. Adenocarcinomas are autonomous and functional in most cases, leading to excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, regardless of pituitary control. They corroborate the occurrence of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) due to interference in the synthesis of cortisol. Clinical signs can be observed, as polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, polyphagia, blood pressure alterations, cardiac, renal and endocrine dysfunctions, among others. Diagnosis can be made in various ways, such as urinary cortisol measurements, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, and imaging tests and histopathology. This article reports the case of a 13-year-old mixed-breed female dog with signs of polyuria and polydpsia. After discarding the initial diagnoses (diabetes mellitus and/or renal alterations), HAC was suspected, with further tests being performed. The test results showed an increase in the adrenal region, and adrenalectomy and hormone replacement with trilostane were recommended. The diagnosis of HAC was confirmed by histopathology as HAC secondary to adrenal gland adenocarcinoma. The patient also develope

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um caso de neoplasia adrenocortical com manifestação de hiperadrenocorticismo. Tumores adrenocorticais são originados de diversos tipos de células e apresentam manifestação clínica variada, podendo ser funcionantes ou não funcionantes. Os adenocarcinomas são autônomos e funcionantes na maioria dos casos, levando a secreção excessiva de glicocorticóides, independente do controle da hipófise. Eles corroboram com a ocorrência de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) por interferência na síntese de cortisol. Os sinais clínicos observados podem ser poliúria, polidipsia compensatória, polifagia, alterações pressóricas, disfunções cardíacas, renais e endócrinas, entre outros, estas manifestações clínicas podem se apresentar de forma isolada ou associada. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido de diversas formas, como dosagens de cortisol urinário, estimulação de hormônio adrenocorticotrópico, testes de supressão com baixa dose de dexametasona e por testes de imagem. No entanto, o diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se no uso da histopatologia. Este artigo relata o caso de uma fêmea sem raça definida, de 13 anos de idade, com sinais de poliúria e polidpsia. Após o descarte dos diagnósticos iniciais (diabetes mellitus e/ou alterações renais), suspeitou-se de HAC, com a realização de novos exames. Os resultados dos exames evidenciaram aumento da região adrenal, sendo recomenda

Adenocarcinoma of the adrenal gland in a female dog / Adenocarcinoma da glândula adrenal em uma cadela / Adenocarcinoma de la glándula suprarrenal en una perra

The aim of this article is to describe a case of adrenocortical neoplasm with manifestation of hyperadrenocorticism. Adrenocortical tumors originate from different types of cells and present varied clinical manifestations, which can be functional or non-functional. Adenocarcinomas are autonomous and functional in most cases, leading to excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, regardless of pituitary control. They corroborate the occurrence of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) due to interference in the synthesis of cortisol. Clinical signs can be observed, as polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, polyphagia, blood pressure alterations, cardiac, renal and endocrine dysfunctions, among others. Diagnosis can be made in various ways, such as urinary cortisol measurements, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, and imaging tests and histopathology. This article reports the case of a 13-year-old mixed-breed female dog with signs of polyuria and polydpsia. After discarding the initial diagnoses (diabetes mellitus and/or renal alterations), HAC was suspected, with further tests being performed. The test results showed an increase in the adrenal region, and adrenalectomy and hormone replacement with trilostane were recommended. The diagnosis of HAC was confirmed by histopathology as HAC secondary to adrenal gland adenocarcinoma. The patient also developed diabetes mellitus during postoperative treatment with prednisone, which made it necessary to discontinue the medication.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um caso de neoplasia adrenocortical com manifestação de hiperadrenocorticismo. Tumores adrenocorticais são originados de diversos tipos de células e apresentam manifestação clínica variada, podendo ser funcionais ou não funcionais. Os adenocarcinomas são autônomos e funciona na maioria dos casos, levando a secreção excessiva de glicocorticóides, independente do controle da hipófise. Eles corroboram com a ocorrência de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) por interferência na síntese de cortisol. Os sinais clínicos observados podem ser poliúria, polidipsia compensatória, polifagia, alterações pressóricas, disfunções cardíacas, renais e endócrinas, entre outros. Estas manifestações clínicas podem se apresentar de forma isolada ou associada. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido de diversas formas, como dosagens de cortisol urinário, estimulação de hormônio adrenocorticotrópico, testes de supressão com baixa dose de dexametasona e por testes de imagem. No entanto, o diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se no uso da histopatologia. Este artigo relata o caso de uma fêmea sem raça definida, de 13 anos de idade, com sinais de poliúria e polidpsia. Após o descarte dos diagnósticos iniciais (diabetes mellitus e/ou alterações renais). suspeitou-se de HAC, com a realização de novos exames. Os resultados dos exames evidenciaram aumento da região adrenal, sendo recomendada a adrenalectomia e reposição hormonal com trilostano. O diagnóstico de HAC foi confirmado pela histopatologia como sendo HAC secundário a adenocarcinoma de glândula adrenal. A paciente desenvolveu ainda um quadro de diabetes mellitus durante o tratamento com prednisona no pós-operatório, sendo necessário interromper a medicação.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir un caso de neoplasia adrenocortical con manifestación de hiperadrenocorticismo. Los tumores adrenocorticales se originan a partir de diferentes tipos de células y presentan una variada manifestación clínica, que puede ser funcionante o no funcionante. Los adenocarcinomas son autónomos y funcionales en la mayoría de los casos, lo que lleva a una secreción excesiva de glucocorticoides, independientemente del control pituitario. Corroboran la aparición de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) al interferir con la síntesis de cortisol. Los signos clínicos observados pueden ser poliuria, polidipsia compensatoria, polifagia, alteraciones de la presión arterial, disfunciones cardíacas, renales y endocrinas, entre otras. Estas manifestaciones clínicas pueden presentarse de forma aislada o en asociación. El diagnóstico se puede obtener de varias maneras, como mediciones de cortisol urinario, estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotrópica, pruebas de supresión con dosis bajas de dexametasona y pruebas de imagen. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico definitivo se basa en el uso de la histopatología. Este artículo reporta el caso de una perra mestiza de 13 años con signos de poliuria y polidipsia. Tras descartar los diagnósticos iniciales (diabetes mellitus y/o alteraciones renales), se sospechó HAC, realizándose nuevas pruebas. Los resultados de los exámenes mostraron un aumento en la región suprarrenal, por lo que se recomendó adrenalectomía y reemplazo hormonal con trilostano. El diagnóstico de CAH se confirmó por histopatología como CAH secundaria a adenocarcinoma de la glándula suprarrenal. La paciente también desarrolló diabetes mellitus durante el tratamiento con prednisona en el postoperatorio, siendo necesario suspender la medicación.

Hyponatremia in sheep in Northeastern Brazil / Hiponatremia em ovinos no Nordeste do Brasil

Mineral deficiencies are important causes of productive losses in ruminant farming, especially in semiarid regions. This study aimed to determine Na, K, and Cl serum concentrations, plus the salivary concentrations of Na and K in sheep raised in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, and to report the epidemiology, clinical and the pathological aspects of an outbreak of hyponatremia in sheep. For this, serum and salivary samples of 55 sheep were collected in 6 different farms in the region. Na, K, and Cl concentrations were determined by colorimetric test, using commercial kits in a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer. The mean serum concentrations ranged from 131.5±13.1mEq/L to 172.4±9.3mEq/L for Na, 6.28±1.3mEq/L to 13.9±1.4mEq/L for K, and 91.6±54.8mEq/L to 113.6±1.5mEq/L for Cl. The mean salivary concentrations ranged from 119.4±9.5mEq/L to 161.8±15.2mEq/L for Na, 10.1±3.1mEq/L to 22.3±2.3mEq/L for K, and the ratio Na:K ranged from 6.0±1.3mEq/L to 11.8±4.1mEq/L. These results revealed that most sheep raised in the farms in this region are marginally depleted in sodium. In one farm, sheep had severe clinical signs of Na deficiency consisting of haggard appearance, craving for salt, polydipsia, polyuria, dry cough, inappetence, pica, weakness, difficulty to rise and move, severe emaciation, and dehydration. On autopsy, the ruminal content was generally impacted, giving to the content an aspect of clay balls. Four sheep presented hypertrophy of the adrenal glands. Histopathologically, the width of the zona glomerulosa was expanded, there was loss of the architecture and loss of adrenocortical cell cords. The epithelial cells in the zona glomerulosa and fasciculata were pyramidal, and contained hypereosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. These data demonstrate the occurrence of Na deficiency in different degrees in sheep farms in the State of Pernambuco and highlight the importance of providing NaCl to avoid outbreaks of hyponatremia.

Deficiências minerais são importantes causas de perdas produtivas em criações de ruminantes, sobretudo em regiões semiáridas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as concentrações séricas de Na, K e Cl, além das concentrações salivares de Na e K em ovinos criados em uma região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil e relatar a epidemiologia e os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um surto de hiponatremia severa em ovinos. Para isso, amostras de soro e saliva de 55 ovinos foram coletadas em 6 diferentes fazendas da região. As concentrações de Na, K e Cl foram determinadas por teste colorimétrico, utilizando kits comerciais em analisador bioquímico semiautomático. As concentrações séricas médias variaram de 131,5±13,1mEq/L a 172,4±9,3mEq/L para Na, 6,28±1,3mEq/L a 13,9±1,4mEq/L para K e 91,6±54,8mEq/L a 113,6±1,5mEq/L para Cl. As concentrações salivares médias variaram de 119,4±9,5mEq/L a 161,8±15,2mEq/L para Na, 10,1±3,1mEq/L a 22,3±2,3mEq/L para K, e a razão Na: K variou de 6,0±1,3mEq/L a 11,8±4,1mEq/L. Esses resultados revelaram que a maioria dos ovinos criados nas fazendas desta região são marginalmente sódio deficientes. Em uma fazenda, os ovinos apresentavam um quadro clínico grave de deficiência de Na. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiam em apatia, avidez por sal, polidipsia, poliúria, tosse seca, inapetência, pica, fraqueza, dificuldade de se levantar e se locomover, emagrecimento e desidratação. À necropsia, o conteúdo ruminal estava geralmente compactado, dando ao conteúdo um aspecto de bolas de argila. Quatro ovelhas apresentaram hipertrofia das glândulas adrenais. Histopatologicamente, a zona glomerulosa apresentava-se espessa, com perda da arquitetura e desarranjo dos cordões celulares. As células epiteliais da zona glomerulosa e fasciculada eram piramidais, apresentavam citoplasma hipereosinofílico e continham núcleos hipercromáticos. Esses dados demonstram a ocorrência de deficiência de Na em diferentes graus em criações de ovinos no Estado de Pernambuco e evidencia a importância do fornecimento de NaCl para a prevenção de surtos de hiponatremia.

Fibrous osteodystrophy due to secondary renal hyperparathyroidism in a senile dog / Osteodistrofia fibrosa decorrente de hiperparatireodismo secundário renal em cão senil

Renal hyperparathyroidism stands out among the complications of kidney disease in dogs due to phosphorus retention with a predisposition to hypocalcemia, parathyroid hormone stimulation with mobilization of calcium from the bones, characterizing fibrous osteodystrophy, unusual in the elderly. The objective was to report it in 12-year-old Labrador with polyuria, polydipsia, and emesis for five months due to maxillary and mandibular volume increase, followed by loosely fixed teeth, and facial deformity. Blood tests showed anemia, thrombocytosis, azotemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperphosphatemia and urinalysis showed low density, glycosuria, proteinuria, and moderate caudate and transitional epithelial cells. Oral x-rays showed loss of dental bone support and decreased bone radiopacity. Chest radiographs showed decreased density in the ribs and costochondral junction; on the other hand, organs of the cardiorespiratory system showed no changes. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram did not show impairment. Abdominal ultrasound revealed kidneys with asymmetry, increased echogenicity of the cortical and poorly preserved cortico-medullary definition. Oral histopathology showed intense fibroplasia associated with bone reabsorption. Support therapy was instituted, but the patient died ten days after consultation. Thus, although uncommon in the elderly, fibrous osteodystrophy should be investigated in dogs with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease and, even with conservative therapies, the prognosis is unfavorable.

O hiperparatireoidismo renal destaca-se entre as complicações da doença renal em cães, pela retenção de fósforo com predisposição à hipocalcemia, estimulação de paratormônio com mobilização do cálcio dos ossos, caracterizando a osteodistrofia fibrosa, incomum em idosos. O objetivo foi relatá-la em Labrador de 12 anos com poliúria, polidipsia e vômitos há cinco meses, além de aumento de volume maxilar e mandibular seguido de dentes frouxamente fixados e deformidade facial. Os exames sanguíneos denotaram anemia, trombocitose, azotemia, hipoalbuminemia, hiperfosfatemia, urinálise, baixa densidade, glicosúria, proteinúria e moderadas células caudadas e epiteliais de transição. Pelos raios X orais, houve perda da sustentação óssea dentária e diminuição da radiopacidade óssea. As radiografias de tórax demonstraram diminuição da densidade óssea na região dos arcos costais e junção costocondral; em contrapartida, órgãos do sistema cardiorrespiratório se mostraram sem alterações aparentes. O eletrocardiograma e o ecocardiograma não incidiram comprometimento. O ultrassom abdominal revelou rins com assimetria, aumento da ecogenicidade cortical e definição corticomedular pouco preservada, e a histopatologia oral apontou intensa fibroplasia associada à reabsorção óssea. Foi instituída terapia suporte, mas o paciente veio a óbito 10 dias após a consulta. Assim, mesmo que incomum em idosos, a osteodistrofia fibrosa deve ser investigada em cães com doença renal crônica em estágio avançado, mesmo com as terapias conservadoras, o prognóstico é desfavorável.

Calcinosis cutis with large extension and uncommon location in a dog

Background: Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon dermatopathy characterized by the deposition of minerals in the skin,usually involving collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. Usually, it results from dystrophic calcification and can begeneralized or focal. The dermatopathy may be primary or secondary to certain disorders, especially chronic proliferativeotitis, foreign body reactions, hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and less frequently percutaneous penetration of calcium-richproducts. The aim of this report is to describe a presentation of calcinosis cutis affecting the skin of the back, internal faceof hind limbs and anal region of a 9-years-old bitch.Case: A 9-year-old, non-defined breed, bitch, ovariohysterectomized, weighing 9.45 kg, was attended at the DermatologicalService of companion animals at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (UFJ). The animal came in withthe complaint of extensive dorsal alopecia, covered by firm lesions, with a 3-month evolution, additionally to polyuria andpolydipsia. After physical examination, alopecic areas of great extension were confirmed on the dorsum, on the internalsurface of the hind limbs and in the anal region. Also, an exudative and painful lesion located on the back was detected,plus loss of elasticity of the ventral abdomen skin and visible abdominal vessels. The screening tests showed a markedincrease in the alanine aminotransferase enzyme (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total cholesterol. The specificurinary density was decreased. On the ultrasound examination, hepatomegaly and an increase in the caudal pole of the leftadrenal were detected. Based on these findings, calcinosis cutis secondary to spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC)was suspected. For confirmation, skin biopsy and low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS) were performed.LDDS test showed no reduction of serum cortisol after 8 h of dexamethasone dose administration and histopathological...

Calcinosis cutis with large extension and uncommon location in a dog

Background: Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon dermatopathy characterized by the deposition of minerals in the skin,usually involving collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. Usually, it results from dystrophic calcification and can begeneralized or focal. The dermatopathy may be primary or secondary to certain disorders, especially chronic proliferativeotitis, foreign body reactions, hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and less frequently percutaneous penetration of calcium-richproducts. The aim of this report is to describe a presentation of calcinosis cutis affecting the skin of the back, internal faceof hind limbs and anal region of a 9-years-old bitch.Case: A 9-year-old, non-defined breed, bitch, ovariohysterectomized, weighing 9.45 kg, was attended at the DermatologicalService of companion animals at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (UFJ). The animal came in withthe complaint of extensive dorsal alopecia, covered by firm lesions, with a 3-month evolution, additionally to polyuria andpolydipsia. After physical examination, alopecic areas of great extension were confirmed on the dorsum, on the internalsurface of the hind limbs and in the anal region. Also, an exudative and painful lesion located on the back was detected,plus loss of elasticity of the ventral abdomen skin and visible abdominal vessels. The screening tests showed a markedincrease in the alanine aminotransferase enzyme (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total cholesterol. The specificurinary density was decreased. On the ultrasound examination, hepatomegaly and an increase in the caudal pole of the leftadrenal were detected. Based on these findings, calcinosis cutis secondary to spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC)was suspected. For confirmation, skin biopsy and low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDS) were performed.LDDS test showed no reduction of serum cortisol after 8 h of dexamethasone dose administration and histopathological...(AU)

Diabetes mellitus em cães – estudo retrospectivo dos casos atendidos em hospital veterinário universitário, no período de 2017 a 2019 / Diabetes mellitus in dogs - retrospective study of cases attended at the university veterinary hospital, from 2017 to 2019

A diabetes mellitus é uma endocrinopatia crônica que acomete principalmente cães e gatos de meia idade a idosos, tendo como fator predisponente o metabolismo inadequado da glicose, pela deficiência ou resistência ao hormônio insulina levando a hiperglicemia persistente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a epidemiologia da doença em uma população de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Dr. Halim Atique, em São José do Rio Preto - SP, através da avaliação dos prontuários dos pacientes caninos atendidos entre janeiro de 2017 e janeiro de 2019. Os resultados demonstraram maior prevalência nas fêmeas (67%), nos cães sem raça definida (43%), com média de idade de 10 anos, apresentando principalmente os sinais clínicos de: polidipsia (21%), poliúria (18%), perda de peso (15%) e polifagia (3%). A suspeita diagnostica baseava-se nos sinais clínicos e a confirmação foi através hiperglicemia mais glicosúria. Essa pesquisa permitiu sugerir o perfil do paciente canino diabético.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinopathy that mainly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs and cats, and its predisposing factor is inadequate glucose metabolism, due to a deficiency or resistance to the hormone insulin, leading to persistent hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of the disease in a population of dogs attended at the Dr. Halim Atique Veterinary Hospital, in São José do Rio Preto - SP, through the evaluation of the medical records of canine patients attended between January 2017 and January 2019. The results showed a higher prevalence in females (67%), in mixed breed dogs (43%), with a mean age of 10 years, showing mainly the clinical signs of: polydipsia (21%), polyuria (18%), weight loss (15%) and polyphagia (3%). The diagnostic suspicion was based on clinical signs and confirmation was through hyperglycemia plus glycosuria. This research allowed us to suggest the profile of the diabetic canine patient.

Diabetes mellitus em cães estudo retrospectivo dos casos atendidos em hospital veterinário universitário, no período de 2017 a 2019 / Diabetes mellitus in dogs - retrospective study of cases attended at the university veterinary hospital, from 2017 to 2019

A diabetes mellitus é uma endocrinopatia crônica que acomete principalmente cães e gatos de meia idade a idosos, tendo como fator predisponente o metabolismo inadequado da glicose, pela deficiência ou resistência ao hormônio insulina levando a hiperglicemia persistente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a epidemiologia da doença em uma população de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Dr. Halim Atique, em São José do Rio Preto - SP, através da avaliação dos prontuários dos pacientes caninos atendidos entre janeiro de 2017 e janeiro de 2019. Os resultados demonstraram maior prevalência nas fêmeas (67%), nos cães sem raça definida (43%), com média de idade de 10 anos, apresentando principalmente os sinais clínicos de: polidipsia (21%), poliúria (18%), perda de peso (15%) e polifagia (3%). A suspeita diagnostica baseava-se nos sinais clínicos e a confirmação foi através hiperglicemia mais glicosúria. Essa pesquisa permitiu sugerir o perfil do paciente canino diabético.(AU)

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinopathy that mainly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs and cats, and its predisposing factor is inadequate glucose metabolism, due to a deficiency or resistance to the hormone insulin, leading to persistent hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of the disease in a population of dogs attended at the Dr. Halim Atique Veterinary Hospital, in São José do Rio Preto - SP, through the evaluation of the medical records of canine patients attended between January 2017 and January 2019. The results showed a higher prevalence in females (67%), in mixed breed dogs (43%), with a mean age of 10 years, showing mainly the clinical signs of: polydipsia (21%), polyuria (18%), weight loss (15%) and polyphagia (3%). The diagnostic suspicion was based on clinical signs and confirmation was through hyperglycemia plus glycosuria. This research allowed us to suggest the profile of the diabetic canine patient.(AU)

Diabetes insipidus central em felino jovem / Central diabetes insipidus in a young feline

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is an endocrine disorder caused by the failure to produce, transport, orrelease ADH. This disease may show a primary etiology (idiopathic or congenital) or a secondary one (trauma or neoplasms). It is characterized by signs such as polyuria and polydipsia. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by the two-stepwater deprivation test; the absence of adequate urinary concentration in the first stage confirms the diagnosis of diabetesinsipidus and, in the second stage, the response to the application of synthetic desmopressin confirms a central origin.Because CDI is rare in felines, the aim of this study was to report the occurrence of a case of CDI, probably of congenitalprimary origin, in an 8-month-old kitten.Case: An 8-month-old male feline, castrated, 3.2 kg, was brought to consultation with a report of polydipsia, polyuria,smaller size and weight, and lower activity when compared to his brother, for several months. On physical examination,lethargy, body score 2/5, and mild dehydration were noted, as well as deciduous teeth that should have already been replaced. Abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests were requested, which ruled out chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetesmellitus (DM), hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and hyperthyroidism. Due to the fact that urinalysis evidenced hyposthenuria(urinary density [UD] 1.004), CDI was suspected. The patient underwent a water deprivation test and, after 7.5 h, lost4.7% of his initial weight, while UD was 1.012, confirming the diagnosis of DI. The investigation then proceeded to theevaluation of the response to synthetic desmopressin by the application of 5 U IM. Two h later, UD was 1.019, confirming...

Diabetes insipidus central em felino jovem / Central diabetes insipidus in a young feline

Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is an endocrine disorder caused by the failure to produce, transport, orrelease ADH. This disease may show a primary etiology (idiopathic or congenital) or a secondary one (trauma or neoplasms). It is characterized by signs such as polyuria and polydipsia. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by the two-stepwater deprivation test; the absence of adequate urinary concentration in the first stage confirms the diagnosis of diabetesinsipidus and, in the second stage, the response to the application of synthetic desmopressin confirms a central origin.Because CDI is rare in felines, the aim of this study was to report the occurrence of a case of CDI, probably of congenitalprimary origin, in an 8-month-old kitten.Case: An 8-month-old male feline, castrated, 3.2 kg, was brought to consultation with a report of polydipsia, polyuria,smaller size and weight, and lower activity when compared to his brother, for several months. On physical examination,lethargy, body score 2/5, and mild dehydration were noted, as well as deciduous teeth that should have already been replaced. Abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests were requested, which ruled out chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetesmellitus (DM), hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and hyperthyroidism. Due to the fact that urinalysis evidenced hyposthenuria(urinary density [UD] 1.004), CDI was suspected. The patient underwent a water deprivation test and, after 7.5 h, lost4.7% of his initial weight, while UD was 1.012, confirming the diagnosis of DI. The investigation then proceeded to theevaluation of the response to synthetic desmopressin by the application of 5 U IM. Two h later, UD was 1.019, confirming...(AU)

Evidence of pituitary hypoplasia associated with partial central diabetes insipidus in a young Persian cat

Background: Congenital anomalies are an uncommon pituitary hypofunction cause associated to multiple hormone deficiencies. Congenital hyposomatotropism is often related to an inherited anomaly, characterized mainly by delayed growth. It is not uncommon to find associated thyroid-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin deficiencies. Pituitary malformation may be associated to progressive cystic lesion expansion. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is another rare disease associated to polyuria (PU) and polydipsia (PD) secondary to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficient secretion. The aim of this report is to describe a likely case of pituitary hypoplasia, associated with partial CDI in a cat. Case: A 9-month-old unneutered male Persian cat weighing 2 kg was presented due to severe polyuria and polydipsia associated with growth deficit when compared with its sibling. After clinical and laboratory evaluations during the months in which the patient was monitored, reduced serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, and testosterone were documented, confirming the diagnosis of hyposomatotropism, hypogonadism, and secondary hypothyroidism. Furthermore, therapeutic diagnosis with desmopressin revealed partial central diabetes insipidus (CDI). As the sibling showed normal development aging 13-months, a radiographic examination of the forelimb (carpus) was performed on both cats. There was lack of growth plate fusion in the patient, without any other evidence of dysgenesis, whereas complete epiphyseal closure was observed in the sibling. Despite therapeutic prescriptions of desmopressin and levothyroxine, the owners refused further follow-up to the...

Evidence of pituitary hypoplasia associated with partial central diabetes insipidus in a young Persian cat

Background: Congenital anomalies are an uncommon pituitary hypofunction cause associated to multiple hormone deficiencies. Congenital hyposomatotropism is often related to an inherited anomaly, characterized mainly by delayed growth. It is not uncommon to find associated thyroid-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin deficiencies. Pituitary malformation may be associated to progressive cystic lesion expansion. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is another rare disease associated to polyuria (PU) and polydipsia (PD) secondary to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficient secretion. The aim of this report is to describe a likely case of pituitary hypoplasia, associated with partial CDI in a cat. Case: A 9-month-old unneutered male Persian cat weighing 2 kg was presented due to severe polyuria and polydipsia associated with growth deficit when compared with its sibling. After clinical and laboratory evaluations during the months in which the patient was monitored, reduced serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, and testosterone were documented, confirming the diagnosis of hyposomatotropism, hypogonadism, and secondary hypothyroidism. Furthermore, therapeutic diagnosis with desmopressin revealed partial central diabetes insipidus (CDI). As the sibling showed normal development aging 13-months, a radiographic examination of the forelimb (carpus) was performed on both cats. There was lack of growth plate fusion in the patient, without any other evidence of dysgenesis, whereas complete epiphyseal closure was observed in the sibling. Despite therapeutic prescriptions of desmopressin and levothyroxine, the owners refused further follow-up to the...(AU)

Infecção de trato urinário inferior por Citrobacter sp em cadela com hipoadrenocorticismo / Citrobacter sp lower urinary tract infection in a bitch with hypoadrenocorticism

Citrobacter sp. é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado em vagina de cadelas, mas corresponde a menos de 3% do total de microrganismos isolados em urocultura. O hipoadrenocorticismo (HA) é uma doença endócrina incomum e que leva a poliúria e hipostenúria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma fêmea da espécie canina, da raça Teckel, 11 anos, atendida com queixa de urina de odor alterado há vários dias, além de vômito, diarreia e inapetência há três dias, e poliúria e polidipsia há 2 meses, com histórico de tratamento anterior com mitotano para hiperadrenocorticismo. O diagnóstico foi de ITU por Citrobactersp., além de HA iatrogênico. Como destaques nos exames, relação sódio:potássio de 22,6 foi observada, sugestiva de HA, que foi confirmado por teste de estimulação com ACTH, além de urina inicialmente hipostenúrica (densidade 1,006), o que pode ser atribuído ao washout medular renal devido à hiponatremia causada pelo hipoadrenocorticismo. O tratamento foi feito com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico por 20 dias, além da terapia específica para HA com prednisona e fludrocortisona, que foi continuado. A paciente recuperou-se bem, a densidade urinária aumentou após início do tratamento para HA e não houve recidiva da ITU em período de acompanhamento de 8 meses. Acredita-se que a baixa densidade urinária causada pelo HA tenha sido fator essencial para a ocorrência da ITU por Citrobacter.

Citrobacter sp. is a normal constituent of bitches' vagina, but it is related to less than 3% of total isolated microorganism in uroculture. Hypoadrenocorticism (HA) is an endocrine disease uncommonly diagnosed that leads to polyuria and hypostenuria. The aim of this work is report the case of a Teckel bitch, 11 years old, attended with complaint of altered urinary smell for several days, besides vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence for three days, and polyuria and polydispsia for two months, with previous mitotane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnosis was Citrobacter UTI, besides iatrogenic HA. The most important exam results include sodium:potassium ratio of 22.6, suggestive of HA, that was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. Besides, hypostenuria (urinary specific gravity ­ USG - of 1.006) was noted, attributed to renal medular washout due to hyponatremia seen in HA. Therapy comprised amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid for 20 days, in addition to specific therapy for AH with prednisone and fludrocortisone. The patient recovery well, USG increased after the beginning of the treatment for HA and there was no UTI reinfection for a 8 month period. It is believed that low USG due to HA was essential for the occurrence of Citrobacter UTI.

Infecção de trato urinário inferior por Citrobacter sp em cadela com hipoadrenocorticismo / Citrobacter sp lower urinary tract infection in a bitch with hypoadrenocorticism

Citrobacter sp. é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado em vagina de cadelas, mas corresponde a menos de 3% do total de microrganismos isolados em urocultura. O hipoadrenocorticismo (HA) é uma doença endócrina incomum e que leva a poliúria e hipostenúria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma fêmea da espécie canina, da raça Teckel, 11 anos, atendida com queixa de urina de odor alterado há vários dias, além de vômito, diarreia e inapetência há três dias, e poliúria e polidipsia há 2 meses, com histórico de tratamento anterior com mitotano para hiperadrenocorticismo. O diagnóstico foi de ITU por Citrobacter sp., além de HA iatrogênico. Como destaques nos exames, relação sódio:potássio de 22,6 foi observada, sugestiva de HA, que foi confirmado por teste de estimulação com ACTH, além de urina inicialmente hipostenúrica (densidade 1,006), o que pode ser atribuído ao washout medular renal devido à hiponatremia causada pelo hipoadrenocorticismo. O tratamento foi feito com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico por 20 dias, além da terapia específica para HA com prednisona e fludrocortisona, que foi continuado. A paciente recuperou-se bem, a densidade urinária aumentou após início do tratamento para HA e não houve recidiva da ITU em período de acompanhamento de 8 meses. Acredita-se que a baixa densidade urinária causada pelo HA tenha sido fator essencial para a oco

Citrobacter sp. is a normal constituent of bitches vagina, but it is related to less than 3% of total isolated microorganism in uroculture. Hypoadrenocorticism (HA) is an endocrine disease uncommonly diagnosed that leads to polyuria and hypostenuria. The aim of this work is report the case of a Teckel bitch, 11 years old, attended with complaint of altered urinary smell for several days, besides vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence for three days, and polyuria and polydispsia for two months, with previous mitotane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnosis was Citrobacter UTI, besides iatrogenic HA. The most important exam results include sodium:potassium ratio of 22.6, suggestive of HA, that was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. Besides, hypostenuria (urinary specific gravity USG - of 1.006) was noted, attributed to renal medular washout due to hyponatremia seen in HA. Therapy comprised amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid for 20 days, in addition to specific therapy for AH with prednisone and fludrocortisone. The patient recovery well, USG increased after the beginning of the treatment for HA and there was no UTI reinfection for a 8 month period. It is believed that low USG due to HA was essential for the occurrence of Citrobacter UTI.(AU)

Infecção de trato urinário inferior por Citrobacter sp em cadela com hipoadrenocorticismo / Citrobacter sp lower urinary tract infection in a bitch with hypoadrenocorticism

Citrobacter sp. é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado em vagina de cadelas, mas corresponde a menos de 3% do total de microrganismos isolados em urocultura. O hipoadrenocorticismo (HA) é uma doença endócrina incomum e que leva a poliúria e hipostenúria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma fêmea da espécie canina, da raça Teckel, 11 anos, atendida com queixa de urina de odor alterado há vários dias, além de vômito, diarreia e inapetência há três dias, e poliúria e polidipsia há 2 meses, com histórico de tratamento anterior com mitotano para hiperadrenocorticismo. O diagnóstico foi de ITU por Citrobacter sp., além de HA iatrogênico. Como destaques nos exames, relação sódio:potássio de 22,6 foi observada, sugestiva de HA, que foi confirmado por teste de estimulação com ACTH, além de urina inicialmente hipostenúrica (densidade 1,006), o que pode ser atribuído ao washout medular renal devido à hiponatremia causada pelo hipoadrenocorticismo. O tratamento foi feito com amoxicilina associada a ácido clavulânico por 20 dias, além da terapia específica para HA com prednisona e fludrocortisona, que foi continuado. A paciente recuperou-se bem, a densidade urinária aumentou após início do tratamento para HA e não houve recidiva da ITU em período de acompanhamento de 8 meses. Acredita-se que a baixa densidade urinária causada pelo HA tenha sido fator essencial para a oco

Citrobacter sp. is a normal constituent of bitches’ vagina, but it is related to less than 3% of total isolated microorganism in uroculture. Hypoadrenocorticism (HA) is an endocrine disease uncommonly diagnosed that leads to polyuria and hypostenuria. The aim of this work is report the case of a Teckel bitch, 11 years old, attended with complaint of altered urinary smell for several days, besides vomiting, diarrhea and inappetence for three days, and polyuria and polydispsia for two months, with previous mitotane treatment for hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnosis was Citrobacter UTI, besides iatrogenic HA. The most important exam results include sodium:potassium ratio of 22.6, suggestive of HA, that was confirmed by ACTH stimulation test. Besides, hypostenuria (urinary specific gravity – USG - of 1.006) was noted, attributed to renal medular washout due to hyponatremia seen in HA. Therapy comprised amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid for 20 days, in addition to specific therapy for AH with prednisone and fludrocortisone. The patient recovery well, USG increased after the beginning of the treatment for HA and there was no UTI reinfection for a 8 month period. It is believed that low USG due to HA was essential for the occurrence of Citrobacter UTI.

Diabetes mellitus felina - revisão de literatura / Diabetes mellitus feline - literature review

O diabetes mellitus, síndrome descrita como hiperglicemiante, está cada vez mais comum entre os animais domésticos estando muitas vezes relacionada com a obesidade e a resistência à insulina, culminando em um aumento nos níveis glicêmicos, sua causa pode estar ligada à deficiência absoluta ou relativa de secreção do hormônio insulina. Em felinos o tipo II é o mais comumente diagnosticado, dependendo do sexo, idade, raça e peso corporal sua predisposição. Um diagnóstico rápido e precoce pode auxiliar numa remissão ou melhor sobrevida. O diagnóstico é realizado através hemograma, com presença de hiperglicemia em jejum persistente e glicosúria na urinálise. O emagrecimento, poliúria, polifagia e polidipsia, mesmo em animais obesos são sinais clínicos comuns a essa patologia. A terapêutica é variada, mas o importante é a associação dos medicamentos ao manejo nutricional adequado assim como a perda de peso, o que aumenta a eficácia do tratamento. A presente revisão bibliográfica visa abordar os principais aspectos clínicos da diabetes mellitus em pacientes felinos, a importância do manejo nutricional para uma maior eficácia no tratamento.(AU)

Diabetes mellitus, a syndrome described as hyperglycaemic, is increasingly common among domestic animals and is often related to obesity and insulin resistance, culminating in an increase in glycemic levels, its cause may be Linked to the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin hormone secretion. In cats type II is the most commonly diagnosed, depending on gender, age, race and body weight its predisposition. Rapid and early diagnosis can help in remission or better survival. The diagnosis is performed through blood count, with presence of persistent fasting hyperglycemia and Glycosuria in urinalysis. The slimming, Polyuria, polyphagy and Polydipsia, even in obese animals are clinical signs common to this pathology. The therapy is varied, but the important is the association of medications to adequate nutritional management as well as weight loss, which increases the efficacy of treatment. This bibliographic review aims to address the main clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus in feline patients, the importance of nutritional management for greater efficacy in treatment.(AU)

Diabetes mellitus felina - revisão de literatura / Diabetes mellitus feline - literature review

O diabetes mellitus, síndrome descrita como hiperglicemiante, está cada vez mais comum entre os animais domésticos estando muitas vezes relacionada com a obesidade e a resistência à insulina, culminando em um aumento nos níveis glicêmicos, sua causa pode estar ligada à deficiência absoluta ou relativa de secreção do hormônio insulina. Em felinos o tipo II é o mais comumente diagnosticado, dependendo do sexo, idade, raça e peso corporal sua predisposição. Um diagnóstico rápido e precoce pode auxiliar numa remissão ou melhor sobrevida. O diagnóstico é realizado através hemograma, com presença de hiperglicemia em jejum persistente e glicosúria na urinálise. O emagrecimento, poliúria, polifagia e polidipsia, mesmo em animais obesos são sinais clínicos comuns a essa patologia. A terapêutica é variada, mas o importante é a associação dos medicamentos ao manejo nutricional adequado assim como a perda de peso, o que aumenta a eficácia do tratamento. A presente revisão bibliográfica visa abordar os principais aspectos clínicos da diabetes mellitus em pacientes felinos, a importância do manejo nutricional para uma maior eficácia no tratamento.

Diabetes mellitus, a syndrome described as hyperglycaemic, is increasingly common among domestic animals and is often related to obesity and insulin resistance, culminating in an increase in glycemic levels, its cause may be Linked to the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin hormone secretion. In cats type II is the most commonly diagnosed, depending on gender, age, race and body weight its predisposition. Rapid and early diagnosis can help in remission or better survival. The diagnosis is performed through blood count, with presence of persistent fasting hyperglycemia and Glycosuria in urinalysis. The slimming, Polyuria, polyphagy and Polydipsia, even in obese animals are clinical signs common to this pathology. The therapy is varied, but the important is the association of medications to adequate nutritional management as well as weight loss, which increases the efficacy of treatment. This bibliographic review aims to address the main clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus in feline patients, the importance of nutritional management for greater efficacy in treatment.

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014)

ABSTRACT: Diseases clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.

RESUMO: A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.

Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Merremia macrocalyx (Convolvulaceae) in cattle

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of spontaneous poisoning by Merremia macrocalyx in cattle in the Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil, and to experimentally replicate the poisoning by this plant. To determine the occurrence of poisonings, 30 farms were visited in six municipalities at the Forest Zone of Pernambuco. The plant was found in nine farms, in which history of plant poisoning in cattle, and occasionally in sheep were also reported. Three outbreaks of spontaneous poisonings in cattle were studied. To replicate the disease experimentally, two steers received a single dose of 60g/kg and two steers received 80g/kg of the fresh leaves of M. macrocalyx in the trough for spontaneous ingestion. Two steers were also used as a control group. The main clinical signs observed in spontaneous cases consisted of restlessness, bloat, polyuria, diarrhea, and death within 48 to 72 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Cattle experimentally poisoned presented similar clinical signs to those observed in spontaneous cases. Gross lesions consisted of dryness and impaction of the rumen, omasum and reticulum contents. Abomasal content was fluid, the mucosa was hyperemic, with swollen folds and multiple ulcers. Similar lesions were observed in duodenum mucosae. Histologically, lesions observed in the abomasum and duodenum mucosa consisted of necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes. The wide distribution and palatability of this plant, associated with the high sensitivity of the bovine species verified in this experiment, highlight the importance of this plant in spontaneous cases of poisoning in cattle.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação espontânea por Merremia macrocalyx em bovinos de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil e reproduzir experimentalmente a intoxicação por esta planta. Para determinar a ocorrência das intoxicações, foram visitadas 30 propriedades em seis municípios na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. A planta foi encontrada em nove fazendas onde também haviam históricos de intoxicações em bovinos e ocasionalmente em ovinos. Três surtos de intoxicações espontâneas em bovinos foram estudados e para reproduzir experimentalmente a doença, dois novilhos receberam doses únicas de 60g/kg e dois novilhos receberam 80g/kg de folhas frescas de M. Macrocalyx para consumo espontâneo no cocho. Dois novilhos foram utilizados como grupo controle. Os principais sinais clínicos observados na intoxicação espontânea consistiram em agitação, timpanismo, poliúria, diarreia e morte dentro de 48 a 72 horas após a observação dos primeiros sinais clínicos. Os bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente apresentaram sinais clínicos semelhantes aos observados nos casos espontâneos. À necropsia as lesões consistiam em compactação e ressecamento dos conteúdos do rúmen, omaso e retículo. O conteúdo do abomaso estava fluido, notava-se hiperemia das mucosas, as pregas estavam edemaciadas e continham múltiplas úlceras. Lesões semelhantes também foram observadas na mucosa do duodeno. Histologicamente, as lesões observadas na mucosa do abomaso e do duodeno consistiam em necrose, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico e linfocítico. A ampla distribuição de Merremia macrocalyx na região estudada e a boa palatabilidade associada à alta sensibilidade da espécie bovina verificada neste experimento, reforça a importância desta planta em casos espontâneos de intoxicação em bovinos.

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects in a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism: 115 cases (2010-2014) / Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais em uma série de cães com hiperadrenocorticismo: 115 casos (2010-2014)

Diseases' clinical-epidemiological characterization assists in directing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a case series of canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). One-hundred fifteen records of dogs diagnosed by the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and/or ACTH stimulation test were evaluated. Of the cases, 81.3% were HAC ACTH-dependent and 18.7% HAC ACTH-independent. Females were more affected, representing 69.3% of the cases. The mean age was 10.3±2.5 years and 64.9% were gonadectomized. Most of the patients were small size dogs, weighting less than 10kg (73.9%). The most frequent breeds were: Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17.4%), and Yorkshire Terrier (10.4%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyphagia (86%), polydipsia (82.6%), polyuria (80%), abdominal enlargement (82.6%), thin skin (79.1%), muscular weakness (78.3%) and panting (74.8%). However, eventually unusual HAC-associated signs would be present in some dogs in a more important way compared with the classic disease´s clinical signs. The CBC showed neutrophilia (66%), eosinopenia (58.3%) and lymphopenia (42.6%) as main hematological abnormalities. The most common findings in serum biochemistry were increased alkaline phosphatase activity (81.74%), increased ALT activity (62.6%), hypercholesterolemia (66%) and hypertriglyceridemia (54.7%). Urinalysis revealed hyposthenuria in 14.9% and isostenuria in 13.5%; besides proteinuria in 50% of the cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (92.2%) with adrenal asymmetry in 20.8% of the cases, in addition to hepatomegaly (80.9%), biliary sludge (67.8%) and hepatic hyperechogenicity (47.8%). It was concluded that small size gonadectomized female dogs, mainly Poodles and Dachshunds, presented higher frequency in the population studied, and that the main changes observed in clinical and complementary tests were polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal enlargement, adrenal hyperplasia, increased phosphatase alkaline and hyperlipidemia. These results corroborated to a better disease characterization at Brazil. This work concluded that the population studied resembles the profile describe in European and North American epidemiologic studies, and that the HAC dog´s clinical picture looks similar worldwide.(AU)

A caracterização clínica-epidemiológica de doenças auxilia no direcionamento do diagnóstico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de uma série de casos de hiperadrenocorticismo (HAC) canino. Foram avaliados 115 prontuários de cães diagnosticados pelo teste de supressão por baixa dose de dexametasona e/ou teste de estimulação com ACTH. Os casos de HAC ACTH-dependentes representaram 81,3% da população, e 18,7% foram ACTH-independentes. As fêmeas foram mais acometidas, representando 69,3% dos casos. A média de idade foi 10,3 ± 2,5 anos e 64,9% eram gonadectomizados. A maioria dos cães foi de porte pequeno, de até 10 kg (73,9%). As raças mais frequentes foram Poodle (27%), Dachshund (17,4%) e Yorkshire (10,4%). As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram polifagia (86%), polidipsia (82,6%), poliúria (80%), abdome pendular (82,6%), atrofia cutânea (79,1%), fraqueza muscular (78,3%) e dispneia (74,8%). Entretanto, eventualmente sinais clínicos pouco associados ao HAC se manifestaram de forma mais importante que os sinais clássicos da doença. O hemograma revelou neutrofilia (66%), eosinopenia (58,3%) e linfopenia (42,6%) como principais alterações hematológicas. Na bioquímica sérica foi observado aumento de fosfatase alcalina (81,74% dos casos), aumento da atividade da ALT (62,6%), hipercolesterolemia (66%) e hipertrigliceridemia (54,7%). A urinálise revelou hipostenúria em 14,9% e isostenúria em 13,5%; além de proteinúria em 50% dos casos. A ecografia abdominal evidenciou hiperplasia bilateral de adrenal (92,2%) com assimetria de adrenais em 20,8% dos casos, além de hepatomegalia (80,9%), lama biliar (67,8%) e hiperecogenicidade hepática (47,8%). Concluiu-se que fêmeas castradas de pequeno porte, principalmente das raças Poodles e Dachshunds, apresentaram maior frequência na população estudada e que as principais alterações observadas clínicas e nos exames complementares foram polifagia, poliúria, polidipsia, aumento abdominal, hiperplasia da adrenal, aumento de fosfatase alcalina e hiperlipidemia. Estes resultados corroboram para melhor caracterização da doença no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu que a população estudada se assemelha ao perfil populacional de cães com HAC descrito em estudos Europeus e Norte Americanos de forma que o perfil dos casos ao redor do globo parece similar.(AU)