Pemphigus foliaceous in a dog - clinical and laboratorial assessment

Background: The pemphigus complex is defined as a group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affects skin and mucous membrane. Pemphigus foliaceous is the most common disease in this group, being characterized by the productionof autoantibodies against keratinocyte adhesion molecules. The treatment is based on the use of immunosuppressive drugsand requires constant monitoring to assess inflammatory control as well as side effects of therapy. Based on that, the aimof this study was to report the clinical and laboratorial follow-up of a canine with pemphigus foliaceous.Case: An 11-year-old male neutered mongrel dog, weighing 9.8 kg, was presented with a main complaint related to disseminated pruritus and lesions in face, trunk and limbs. Dermatological examination revealed meliceric crusts, epidermalcollars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, face, limbs, ears and thoraco-lumbar regions. Cytological examinationwas performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and absence of bacterial cells. Biopsy procedure revealedsubcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatible with canine pemphigusfoliaceous. Hemato-biochemical analysis revealed a leukocytosis due to increased neutrophil count. Systemic treatmentwith high dose of prednisolone (2.0 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) was proposed, while topical therapy with a 3%chlorhexidine shampoo was used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. The patient improved the dermatological clinicalsigns, being possible to observe a reduction of systemic and tissue inflammatory process. After 90 days of therapy, therewas a partial loss of hair body coverage, associated with follicular lesions, and after 180 days of therapy it was possibleto notice a new hair mantle, without visible areas of inflammation...

Pemphigus foliaceous in a dog - clinical and laboratorial assessment

Background: The pemphigus complex is defined as a group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affects skin and mucous membrane. Pemphigus foliaceous is the most common disease in this group, being characterized by the productionof autoantibodies against keratinocyte adhesion molecules. The treatment is based on the use of immunosuppressive drugsand requires constant monitoring to assess inflammatory control as well as side effects of therapy. Based on that, the aimof this study was to report the clinical and laboratorial follow-up of a canine with pemphigus foliaceous.Case: An 11-year-old male neutered mongrel dog, weighing 9.8 kg, was presented with a main complaint related to disseminated pruritus and lesions in face, trunk and limbs. Dermatological examination revealed meliceric crusts, epidermalcollars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, face, limbs, ears and thoraco-lumbar regions. Cytological examinationwas performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and absence of bacterial cells. Biopsy procedure revealedsubcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatible with canine pemphigusfoliaceous. Hemato-biochemical analysis revealed a leukocytosis due to increased neutrophil count. Systemic treatmentwith high dose of prednisolone (2.0 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) was proposed, while topical therapy with a 3%chlorhexidine shampoo was used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. The patient improved the dermatological clinicalsigns, being possible to observe a reduction of systemic and tissue inflammatory process. After 90 days of therapy, therewas a partial loss of hair body coverage, associated with follicular lesions, and after 180 days of therapy it was possibleto notice a new hair mantle, without visible areas of inflammation...(AU)

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome - Case Report / Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina Relato de Caso

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome (FHS) is a clinical condition, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and changes in behavior. It is a rare syndrome, often of unknown origin, and the most common associated causes are skin related disorders, such as bacterial, fungal dermatitis, allergics and immune-mediated diseases. Causes related to the central nervous system and behavioral disorders are also reported. The clinical signs are varied, the diagnosis is often complex and the treatment varies according to the underlying cause. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of FHS of possible dermatological etiology. A three-year-old Siamese male feline was treated for feline lower urinary tract disease throughout the duration of nine days. Associated, the animal also presented erythematous areas and hypotrichosis all over the face, especially around the eyes, nose and auricular pavilions, along with painful hypersensitivity to the touch and skin fasciculations in the lumbar and coccygeal region and pelvic limbs. An histopathological exam of the skin lesions was performed, where a chronic, superficial perivascular dermatitis was seen to be proliferative. Based on physical examination findings and additional tests, the animal was diagnosed with feline hyperesthesia syndrome secondary to dermatopathy.

A Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina (FHS) é uma condição clínica, caracterizada por contrações musculares involuntárias e mudanças de comportamento. É uma síndrome rara, muitas vezes de origem desconhecida, sendo que as causas mais comuns associadas são doenças relacionadas à pele, tais como dermatites bacterianas, fúngicas, alérgicas e doenças imunomediadas. Causas relacionadas ao sistema nervoso central e distúrbios comportamentais também são relatadas. Os sinais clínicos são variados, o diagnóstico muitas vezes é complexo e o tratamento varia de acordo com a causa de base.  O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever um caso de FHS de possível origem dermatológica. Um felino, macho, de três anos, da raça Siamês, foi atendido apresentando doença do trato urinário inferior felino há nove dias. Associado, o animal possuía áreas eritematosas e de hipotricose por toda a face, principalmente ao redor dos olhos, nariz e pavilhões auriculares, juntamente com hipersensibilidade dolorosa ao toque e fasciculações cutâneas na região lombar, coccígea e membros pélvicos. Foi realizado exame histopatológico das lesões de pele, onde foi visualizada dermatite superficial perivascular crônica proliferativa. Com base nos achados de exame físico e nos exames complementares, o animal foi diagnosticado com síndrome da hiperestesia felina secundária à dermatopatia.

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome - Case Report / Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina Relato de Caso

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome (FHS) is a clinical condition, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and changes in behavior. It is a rare syndrome, often of unknown origin, and the most common associated causes are skin related disorders, such as bacterial, fungal dermatitis, allergics and immune-mediated diseases. Causes related to the central nervous system and behavioral disorders are also reported. The clinical signs are varied, the diagnosis is often complex and the treatment varies according to the underlying cause. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of FHS of possible dermatological etiology. A three-year-old Siamese male feline was treated for feline lower urinary tract disease throughout the duration of nine days. Associated, the animal also presented erythematous areas and hypotrichosis all over the face, especially around the eyes, nose and auricular pavilions, along with painful hypersensitivity to the touch and skin fasciculations in the lumbar and coccygeal region and pelvic limbs. An histopathological exam of the skin lesions was performed, where a chronic, superficial perivascular dermatitis was seen to be proliferative. Based on physical examination findings and additional tests, the animal was diagnosed with feline hyperesthesia syndrome secondary to dermatopathy.(AU)

A Síndrome da Hiperestesia Felina (FHS) é uma condição clínica, caracterizada por contrações musculares involuntárias e mudanças de comportamento. É uma síndrome rara, muitas vezes de origem desconhecida, sendo que as causas mais comuns associadas são doenças relacionadas à pele, tais como dermatites bacterianas, fúngicas, alérgicas e doenças imunomediadas. Causas relacionadas ao sistema nervoso central e distúrbios comportamentais também são relatadas. Os sinais clínicos são variados, o diagnóstico muitas vezes é complexo e o tratamento varia de acordo com a causa de base.  O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever um caso de FHS de possível origem dermatológica. Um felino, macho, de três anos, da raça Siamês, foi atendido apresentando doença do trato urinário inferior felino há nove dias. Associado, o animal possuía áreas eritematosas e de hipotricose por toda a face, principalmente ao redor dos olhos, nariz e pavilhões auriculares, juntamente com hipersensibilidade dolorosa ao toque e fasciculações cutâneas na região lombar, coccígea e membros pélvicos. Foi realizado exame histopatológico das lesões de pele, onde foi visualizada dermatite superficial perivascular crônica proliferativa. Com base nos achados de exame físico e nos exames complementares, o animal foi diagnosticado com síndrome da hiperestesia felina secundária à dermatopatia.(AU)

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...

Mupirocin pemphigus-like drug reaction in a dog

Background: Pharmacodermia is defined as adverse reaction in skin, mucosa and appendages, which generates morphofunctional alterations in cutaneous barrier, inducing autoimmune diseases, such as pemphigus foliaceous, which is known asthe most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. This disease involves autoantibodies against desmoglein and desmocolinmolecules, being induced by the use of certain drugs. Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity, being effective against Gram-positive pathogens and used to control superficial bacterial folliculitis.Based on that, the aim of this study was to report a pemphigus-like lesions after topical use of mupirocin in dog.Case: An 1-year-old, uncastrated male, Poodle dog, weighing 13.8 kg was treated in a private clinic in Fortaleza. The maincomplaint was related to pruritus in abdominal and inguinal region, in addition of legs licking. Dermatological examination revealed melanic crusts, epidermal collars and diffuse pustules in inguinal, abdominal, perianal and thoraco-lumbarregions. The therapy was based on topical use of Mupirocin in form of 0.2% aquous spray. After drug administration, theanimal presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted and pustular lesions, which were more evident inabdominal and inguinal region. Nasal erythema, binocular blepharitis, apathy and fever were also observed. Cytologicalexamination and bacterial culture were performed, revealing inflammatory and acantholytic cells and no bacterial growth.Biopsy procedure revealed subcorneal pustule with presence of epithelial acantholytic cells and neutrophils, compatiblewith canine pemphigus foliaceous. The topical treatment of ocular lesions with 0.1% Tacrolimus associated with systemictreatment with high dose of prednisolone (1.2 mg kg-1)...(AU)

Pemphigus foliaceus in a sheep / Pênfigo foliáceo em uma ovelha

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune disease of the skin and is the most common form of pemphigus in domestic animals. This work reports a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a Santa Inês hair sheep. The ewe presented with multifocal bilateral crusted alopecic dermatitis affecting the chest, abdomen, and pelvic and thoracic limbs. Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, in addition to subcorneal pustules, were observed histologically, and acantholytic cells and neutrophils were observed within the pustules. In the superficial and deep dermal tissues, there was intense eosinophilic infiltration and the presence of rare macrophages. These microscopic findings were characteristic of PF, and treatment with dexamethasone was ineffective. This disease is rare in sheep, and this is the first case report to be published in Brazil.(AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo (PF) é uma doença autoimune da pele e é a forma mais comum de pênfigo em animaisdomésticos. Este trabalho relata um caso de pênfigo foliáceo em uma ovelha Santa Inês. A ovelhaapresentava dermatite alopécica crostosa bilateral e assimétrica no tórax, abdômen, e membros pélvicose torácicos. Hiperceratose paraqueratótica e acantose, além de pústulas subcorneais, foram observadoshistologicamente, e células acantolíticas e neutrófilos foram observadas dentro das pústulas. Naderme superficial e profunda, havia intenso infiltrado de eosinófilos e raros macrófagos. Os achadosmicroscópicos são característicos de PF, e o tratamento com dexametasona foi ineficiente. Esta doençaé rara em ovinos e este é o primeiro relato de caso a ser publicado no Brasil.(AU)

Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence for diagnosis of canine pemphigus foliaceus / Estudo comparativo da imunofluorescência direta e indireta para o diagnóstico do pênfigo foliáceo canino

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. It is characterized by pustules, erosions, and crusts which occur due to the presence of autoantibodies that target intercellular adhesion. Histopathological examination is considered the gold standard pattern in the diagnosis, but may sometimes be inconclusive, especially when the characteristic findings are not identified. New diagnostic tests are continuously being developed and immunofluorescence assays, could be a valuable alternative diagnostic tool. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of direct and indirect immunofluorescence (DIF and IIF) tests for the diagnosis of canine PF. Twenty eight dogs were divided into two groups: Group I with 14 dogs with PF and Group II (control) with 14 dogs with Superficial pyoderma (differential diagnoses of PF). All animals were submitted to skin biopsy to histopathological and DIF. Blood samples were collected to assess IIF. Comparing the DIF results against the histopathology test, there was an agreement of 75% (9/12) with a Kappa index of 0.77 (P<0.001). Considering IIF, the agreement was 100% (14/14), with a Kappa index of 1.0 (P<0.001). We conclude that DIF and IIF are highly effective and were useful and effective complementary examination tests for an improvement in the diagnosis of canine PF.(AU)

O pênfigo foliáceo (PF) é considerado uma das doenças tegumentares autoimunes mais frequentes em cães. Clinicamente, caracteriza-se pela presença de pústulas, erosões e crostas. O exame histopatológico é considerado o teste diagnóstico de eleição, porém pode se mostrar inconclusivo, sobretudo quando os achados característicos da doença não são observados. Novas ferramentas diagnósticas têm sido desenvolvidas e os testes de imunofluorecência são uma valiosa alternativa. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade das reações de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) e indireta (IFI) para o diagnóstico do PF canino. Vinte e oito cães foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo I com 14 cães com PF e grupo II (controle) com 14 cães com piodermite superficial (um dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais do PF). Todos os animais foram submetidos à biópsia cutânea, seguida de exame histopatológico e IFD. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização da IFI. Comparando-se os valores de IFD com o histopatológico, obtiveram-se valores de concordância de 75% (9/12), com índice Kappa de 0,77 (P<0,001). Já na IFI, a concordância foi de 100% (14/14), com índice Kappa de 1,0 (P<0,001). Concluiu-se, então, que a IFD e a IFI apresentaram excelentes resultados e podem ser consideradas novas alternativas diagnósticas do PF canino.(AU)

Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence for diagnosis of canine pemphigus foliaceus / Estudo comparativo da imunofluorescência direta e indireta para o diagnóstico do pênfigo foliáceo canino

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. It is characterized by pustules, erosions, and crusts which occur due to the presence of autoantibodies that target intercellular adhesion. Histopathological examination is considered the gold standard pattern in the diagnosis, but may sometimes be inconclusive, especially when the characteristic findings are not identified. New diagnostic tests are continuously being developed and immunofluorescence assays, could be a valuable alternative diagnostic tool. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of direct and indirect immunofluorescence (DIF and IIF) tests for the diagnosis of canine PF. Twenty eight dogs were divided into two groups: Group I with 14 dogs with PF and Group II (control) with 14 dogs with Superficial pyoderma (differential diagnoses of PF). All animals were submitted to skin biopsy to histopathological and DIF. Blood samples were collected to assess IIF. Comparing the DIF results against the histopathology test, there was an agreement of 75% (9/12) with a Kappa index of 0.77 (P<0.001). Considering IIF, the agreement was 100% (14/14), with a Kappa index of 1.0 (P<0.001). We conclude that DIF and IIF are highly effective and were useful and effective complementary examination tests for an improvement in the diagnosis of canine PF.(AU)

O pênfigo foliáceo (PF) é considerado uma das doenças tegumentares autoimunes mais frequentes em cães. Clinicamente, caracteriza-se pela presença de pústulas, erosões e crostas. O exame histopatológico é considerado o teste diagnóstico de eleição, porém pode se mostrar inconclusivo, sobretudo quando os achados característicos da doença não são observados. Novas ferramentas diagnósticas têm sido desenvolvidas e os testes de imunofluorecência são uma valiosa alternativa. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade das reações de imunofluorescência direta (IFD) e indireta (IFI) para o diagnóstico do PF canino. Vinte e oito cães foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo I com 14 cães com PF e grupo II (controle) com 14 cães com piodermite superficial (um dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais do PF). Todos os animais foram submetidos à biópsia cutânea, seguida de exame histopatológico e IFD. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização da IFI. Comparando-se os valores de IFD com o histopatológico, obtiveram-se valores de concordância de 75% (9/12), com índice Kappa de 0,77 (P<0,001). Já na IFI, a concordância foi de 100% (14/14), com índice Kappa de 1,0 (P<0,001). Concluiu-se, então, que a IFD e a IFI apresentaram excelentes resultados e podem ser consideradas novas alternativas diagnósticas do PF canino.(AU)

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos? / Pemphigus foliaceus in an eight-month-old cat: possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days...

Pênfigo foliáceo em um gato de oito meses de idade: possível reação cutânea adversa a fármacos? / Pemphigus foliaceus in an eight-month-old cat: possible cutaneous adverse drug reaction?

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune skin disease whose the occurrence in feline clinic is uncommom. The etiology is unknown in most cases. Althought it is a rare condition in cats, pemphigus foliaceus can be induced by drugs. It may affect both adult and old cats with no sexual or racial predilection and diagnosis is based on animal historical, clinical examination and skin histopathology. Moreover, the treatment consists in immunosuppressive-based drugs. This paper describes a pemphigus foliaceus case in an eight-month-old kitten, probably due a cutaneous adverse drug reaction.Case: A 8-month-old, neutered male mongrel cat with crusted lesions located on face was examinated at the Veterinary Hospital. The owners reported that they had adopted the patient two months before the clinical presentation suggesting that this background was unknown. The cat was treated in a local veterinary clinic with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory for rhinotracheitis and herpetic dermatitis on face due to the occurrence of sneezing and crusted pruriginous dermatitis. The kitten presented erosions, purulent exudation and crusts on pinnae, nasal and supra ocular areas, paronychia with purulent exudate and alopecia at distal portion of the tail. Supplementary exams such as skin scraping, cytology and fungal culture were performed to rule out other agents and confirm the diagnosis. The parasitological and fungal examination resulted negative despite the fact that cytological exam showed coccoid bacteria. Complete blood count and biochemical profile showed no alteration and the test for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resulted negative. Histological changes were consistent with intra-epidermal pustular subcorneal with acantholysis dermatitis. An immunosuppressive dose of prednisolona was prescribed for 15 days...(AU)

Penfigo foliaceo em um felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus foliaceus in a cat: case report / Pénfigo foliáceo en un gato: reporte de un caso

O pênfigo foliáceo é uma das formas mais importantes de dermatoses imunomediadas vesico-pustulosas em cães e gatos. A patogênese da doença está bem documentada em humanos e cães e sugere-se que em felinos o comportamento seja similar, caracterizado pela produção de anticorpos direcionados contra estruturas responsáveis pela manutenção da adesão intercelular. Embora haja relatos de diversas opções de tratamento descritos na literatura para esta dermatopatia, a maioria não foi utilizada em estudos envolvendo um grande número de animais. Descreve-se um caso de pênfigo foliáceo em um gato que respondeu satisfatoriamente apenas à corticoterapia e sem apresentar efeitos adversos.

Pemphigus foliaceus is one of the most important immune-mediated dermatoses in dogs and cats. The pathogenesis of the disease is well documented in humans and dogs and it is suggested its behavior in felines is similar, characterized by the production of antibodies directed against structures responsible for the maintenance of intercellular adhesion. Although there are reports of several treatment options described in literature for this dermatopathy, most have not been used in studies involving an increased number of animals. Here, we report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat which responded favorably only to corticosteroids and without presenting adverse effects.

Pénfigo foliáceo es una de las formas más importantes de dermatosis mediada por la inmunidad en perros y gatos. La patogénesis de la enfermedad está bien documentada en seres humanos y perros, y se sugiere que el comportamiento en los gatos es similar, caracterizada por la producción de anticuerpos dirigidos contra las estructuras responsables del mantenimiento de la adesión intercelular. Aunque hay informes de diversas opciones de tratamiento descritos en la literatura para este dermatopatía más, no se han utilizado en estudios que implican un gran número de animales. Se describe un caso de pénfigo foliáceo en un gato que respondió satisfactoriamente sólo a los corticosteroides y sin presentar efectos adversos.

REPERCUSSÕES CLÍNICAS DE MECANISMOS DE HIPERSENSIBILIDADE CUTÂNEA EM CÃES

As reações de hipersensibilidade cutânea são definidas como mecanismos imunológicos de resposta exacerbada a antígenos endógenos ou exógenos. Essas reações estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento de diferentes enfermidades, como as Farmacodermias e a Dermatite Atópica Canina (DAC). Baseado nisso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as repercussões clínico-laboratoriais das reações de hipersensibilidade cutânea em cães por meio das seguintes estratégias: avaliação da resposta inflamatória tecidual e sistêmica em cães com DAC e investigação de casos clínicos envolvendo mecanismos de hipersensibilidade em dermatopatias caninas. Para tanto, foram incluídos no estudo dez cães com dermatite atópica, sendo submetidos à avaliação clínica das lesões, avaliação hemato-bioquímica e avaliação histopatológica. A análise clínica baseada no grau lesional (CADESI) permitiu a divisão dos cães em dois grupos: AI (N=5), com CADESI entre 0-10, e AII (N=5), com CADESI entre 10-34. O grupo controle (N=5) foi proveniente do canil do corpo de bombeiros do Estado do Ceará, composto por animais isentos de enfermidades tegumentares e sistêmicas. Os cães atópicos apresentaram menor contagem de eosinófilos circulantes (p<0.05), assim como tendência a maior contagem de neutrófilos e relação neutrófilo/linfócito. O valor de albumina foi superior no grupo AI, quando comparado a AII e controle (p<0.05), enquanto a dosagem de malondialdeído (MDA) não diferiu entre os grupos. Observou-se na avaliação histopatológica dos grupos AI e AII, a presença de alterações epidérmicas e infiltrado inflamatório perivascular caracterizado por neutrófilos, macrófagos, linfócitos, eosinófilos e mastócitos. No que se refere a contagem celular, foi possível observar maior quantidade de mastócitos nos grupos AI e AII que no grupo controle (p<0.05). A partir do exposto, conclui-se que houve aumento na resposta inflamatória tecidual e sistêmica na DAC. Contudo, esse processo não foi capaz de interferir no balanço oxidativo dos cães avaliados. Relatou-se, também, neste trabalho, o desenvolvimento de pênfigo foliáceo (PF) após reação de hipersensibilidade à Mupirocina em cão. O cão apresentou urticaria, colarinhos epidérmicos difusos, lesões papulo-crostosas, eritema nasal, blefarite biocular, apatia e febre. Realizou-se exame citológico e histopatológico, sendo os achados compatíveis com PF. Após a terapia, o paciente apresentou redução do quadro lesional, contudo, observa-se recidiva das lesões quando a dose da corticoterapia é reduzida. Por fim, relatou-se um caso de otite aguda canina secundária à reação de hipersensibilidade à solução otológica. Após a instituição da terapia auricular, o cão apresentou intenso eritema auricular e secreção melicérica bilateralmente. Realizou-se exame citológico, assim como cultura de bactérias aeróbicas, sendo evidenciado em tais exames um infiltrado inflamatório piogranulomatoso, com pouca presença de conteúdo bacteriano e fúngico, corroborando com os achados da cultura bacteriana. A nova terapia consistiu na troca de todos os compostos medicamentosos, sendo adquirida a remissão lesional no décimo dia de tratamento. Em conjunto, os trabalhos fornecem evidências de diferentes manifestações clínicas associadas às reações de hipersensibilidade em cães, sendo necessária atenção do Médico Veterinário para identificação e interpretação dos sinais associados a esta desordem imunológica.

Skin hypersensitivity reactions are defined as immunological mechanisms of exacerbated response to endogenous or exogenous antigens. These reactions are involved in the development of different diseases, such as Pharmacoderma and Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD). Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory repercussions of skin hypersensitivity reactions in dogs through the following strategies: evaluation of the tissue and systemic inflammatory response in dogs with CAD and investigation of clinical cases involving mechanisms of hypersensitivity in canine skin diseases. To this end, ten dogs with atopic dermatitis were included in the study, and were submitted to clinical evaluation of lesions, blood-biochemical evaluation and histopathological evaluation. Clinical analysis based on lesion grade (CADESI) allowed the dogs to be divided into two groups: AI (N = 5), with CADESI between 0-10, and AII (N = 5), with CADESI between 10-34. The control group (N = 5) came from the kennel of the fire department of the State of Ceara, composed of animals free from integumentary and systemic diseases. Atopic dogs had lower circulating eosinophil counts (p<0.05), as well as a tendency to higher neutrophil counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. The albumin value was higher in group AI when compared to AII and control (p<0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) dosage did not differ between groups. The histopathological evaluation of groups AI and AII showed epidermal alterations and perivascular inflammatory infiltrate characterized by neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells. Regarding the cell count, it was possible to observe a larger number of mast cells in AI and AII groups than in the control group (p<0.05). From the above, it is concluded that there was an increase in tissue and systemic inflammatory response in CAD. However, this process was not able to interfere with the oxidative balance of the dogs evaluated. The development of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) after hypersensitivity reaction to mupirocin in dogs was also reported in this study. The dog presented urticaria, diffuse epidermal collars, papulo-crusted lesions, nasal erythema, biocular blepharitis, apathy and fever. Cytological and histopathological examination was performed, and the findings were compatible with PF. After therapy, the patient presented a lesion reduction, however, there is a recurrence of lesions when the corticosteroid dose is reduced. Finally, a case of acute canine otitis secondary to the hypersensitivity reaction to the otological solution was reported. After ear therapy was instituted, the dog presented intense ear erythema and bilaterally melic secretion. Cytological examination was performed, as well as culture of aerobic bacteria, being evidenced in such exams a piogranulomatous inflammatory infiltrate, with little presence of bacterial and fungal content, corroborating the findings of the bacterial culture. The new therapy consisted of the exchange of all drug compounds, with lesion remission being acquired on the tenth day of treatment. Taken together, the papers provide evidence of different clinical manifestations associated with hypersensitivity reactions in dogs, requiring veterinary attention to identify and interpret the signs associated with this immune disorder.

Pênfigo Foliáceo em felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus Foliaceus in a feline: case report / Pénfigo Foliáceo en un gato: report de un caso

As dermatopatias estão entre as afecções mais comuns na rotina clínica veterinária. As dermatoses autoimunes em felinos são consideradas raras e dentre elas, o pênfigo foliáceo é o de maior incidência na espécie. Por não ser comum muitas vezes acaba não sendo uma suspeita durante a busca pelo diagnóstico, que é concluído somente após os achados histológicos. O tratamento com glucocorticoides pode ser efetivo, no entanto, estudos revelaram cerca de 35 a 50% de sucesso. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar o caso de um felino diagnosticado com pênfigo foliáceo e que obteve remissão completa das lesões após 30 dias de monoterapia com prednisolona na dose de 1mg/kg/dia. A dose foi reduzida gradualmente e não houve recidiva nem foram observadas reações adversas do uso de glucocorticoides até o presente momento.(AU)

The skin diseases are among the most common conditions in veterinary clinic routine. Feline autoimmune dermatoses are considered rare and among them, pemphigus foliaceus is the most prevalent in cats. Once it is unusual, the pemphigus is not always a suspect during the search for diagnosis, which is only completed after the histological findings. The glucocorticoids may be effective, however, have been reported about 35 to 50% of success. The aim of this research was to report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat that achieved complete remission of the lesions after 30 days using prednisolone as monotherapy at 1 mg/kg/day. The dose was gradually reduced and adverse effects of glucocorticoids use or recurrence not occurred to date.(AU)

Las enfermedades de la piel son extremadamente comunes en la rutina clínica veterinaria. Enfermedades autoinmunes de la piel en gatos domésticos son considerados raros, entre ellos, el pénfigo foliáceo es el más frecuente en la especie. Por qué no es común frecuente termina no siendo un sospechoso durante la búsqueda de diagnóstico, que se concluye después de exámenes histológicos. Los glucocorticoides pueden ser eficaces, sin embargo, los estudios han revelado aproximadamente de 30 a 50% de éxito. el objetivo de este trabajo es exponer el caso de un gato con diagnóstico de pénfigo foliáceo y logró éxito con la remisión total de las lesiones después de 30 días de monoterapia con prednisolona a una dosis de 1 mg/kg. La dosis se redujo gradualmente y las reacciones adversas por el uso de glucocorticoides no ha vuelto a aparecer y no observado hasta la fecha.(AU)

Pênfigo Foliáceo em felino: relato de caso / Pemphigus Foliaceus in a feline: case report / Pénfigo Foliáceo en un gato: report de un caso

As dermatopatias estão entre as afecções mais comuns na rotina clínica veterinária. As dermatoses autoimunes em felinos são consideradas raras e dentre elas, o pênfigo foliáceo é o de maior incidência na espécie. Por não ser comum muitas vezes acaba não sendo uma suspeita durante a busca pelo diagnóstico, que é concluído somente após os achados histológicos. O tratamento com glucocorticoides pode ser efetivo, no entanto, estudos revelaram cerca de 35 a 50% de sucesso. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar o caso de um felino diagnosticado com pênfigo foliáceo e que obteve remissão completa das lesões após 30 dias de monoterapia com prednisolona na dose de 1mg/kg/dia. A dose foi reduzida gradualmente e não houve recidiva nem foram observadas reações adversas do uso de glucocorticoides até o presente momento.

The skin diseases are among the most common conditions in veterinary clinic routine. Feline autoimmune dermatoses are considered rare and among them, pemphigus foliaceus is the most prevalent in cats. Once it is unusual, the pemphigus is not always a suspect during the search for diagnosis, which is only completed after the histological findings. The glucocorticoids may be effective, however, have been reported about 35 to 50% of success. The aim of this research was to report a case of pemphigus foliaceus in a cat that achieved complete remission of the lesions after 30 days using prednisolone as monotherapy at 1 mg/kg/day. The dose was gradually reduced and adverse effects of glucocorticoids use or recurrence not occurred to date.

Las enfermedades de la piel son extremadamente comunes en la rutina clínica veterinaria. Enfermedades autoinmunes de la piel en gatos domésticos son considerados raros, entre ellos, el pénfigo foliáceo es el más frecuente en la especie. Por qué no es común frecuente termina no siendo un sospechoso durante la búsqueda de diagnóstico, que se concluye después de exámenes histológicos. Los glucocorticoides pueden ser eficaces, sin embargo, los estudios han revelado aproximadamente de 30 a 50% de éxito. el objetivo de este trabajo es exponer el caso de un gato con diagnóstico de pénfigo foliáceo y logró éxito con la remisión total de las lesiones después de 30 días de monoterapia con prednisolona a una dosis de 1 mg/kg. La dosis se redujo gradualmente y las reacciones adversas por el uso de glucocorticoides no ha vuelto a aparecer y no observado hasta la fecha.

DIAGNÓSTICO DAS DOENÇAS DERMATOLÓGICAS EM PEQUENOS ANIMAIS: PRINCIPAIS DESAFIOS.

As doenças dermatológicas em pequenos animais podem ser consideradas um desafio para tutores, clínicos e patologistas. O objetivo desse estudo foi a pesquisa de condições que interferem no diagnóstico das dermatopatias não neoplásicas em cães e gatos. Esse trabalho foi dividido em três partes. Na primeira e na segunda parte do trabalho foram aplicados dois questionários, o primeiro a médicos veterinários de onze cidades do estado do Paraná e o segundo a tutores de pequenos animais com doença dermatológica em um hospital veterinário. Na terceira parte do trabalho foi realizada a avaliação dos aspectos histopatológicos que possam ser utilizados para a diferenciação das dermatopatias não neoplásicas em cães e gatos, fazendo sua correlação com os achados clínicos. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foi observado que a principal dificuldade encontrada na rotina dermatológica foi comprometimento do tutor do animal (54,95%). Recidivas de até 30% foram relatadas por 40% dos clínicos. Houve predomínio de tutores de classe média nos atendimentos clínicos (56%) e a maioria dos clínicos (84%) já utilizou o exame histopatológico e espera do mesmo a obtenção de diagnóstico (73,44%) e maior rapidez para o resultado (27,91%). Como principal sugestão na obtenção do diagnóstico foi a realização de exames complementares (48,33%). Na segunda etapa do trabalho foi observado que a maioria dos tutores buscou tratamento em até um mês (54%) do início da doença, entretanto 16% aguardaram dois meses e 30%, mais de seis meses para iniciarem um tratamento. Apenas 38% dos tutores relataram melhora do animal após o tratamento. Os tutores que não realizaram o tratamento (12%) justificaram o fato principalmente devido ao tratamento ser muito caro (33,33%) e por acharem que não estava melhorando (33,33%). A maioria dos tutores (60%) relata que não foi solicitada a realização de qualquer tipo de exame complementar antes do início do tratamento. Na terceira etapa da pesquisa, 40 animais foram biopsiados, e destes 95% eram cães e 5% eram gatos. Nos exames realizados em cães, 45% eram dermatopatias alérgicas, 12,5% eram imunomediadas, 7,5% eram endócrinas e 5% eram parasitárias. Outras dermatopatias totalizaram em 10% e os casos inconclusivos chegaram a 15%. Entre os cães alérgicos 38,89% eram sem raça definida. Segundo os tutores a doença alérgica iniciou entre menos de 1 ano a 3 anos de idade (66,67%) do animal e as primeiras lesões que surgiram eram principalmente eritematosas (27,78%), formavam crostas na pele (27,78%) em região ventral (44,44%) e membros (27,78%). Apenas 44,44% dos cães alérgicos chegaram ao diagnóstico definitivo, em 27,78% pacientes foram realizados protocolos diferentes e 27,78% dos cães não retornaram a consulta clínica. Entre os animas que chegaram ao diagnóstico, 50% foram compatíveis com hipersensibilidade alimentar, 37,5% com dermatite alérgica a picada de pulga e 12,5% com dermatite de contato. O principal ponto avaliado na histopatologia dos animais alérgicos foi o padrão inflamatório. As dermatopatias imunomediadas encontradas foi o lúpus eritematoso discóide (lesão em plano nasal e dorsal do focinho) e o pênfigo foliáceo (tronco, membros, cabeça e coxim). No exame histopatológico foi visualizado infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocitário em faixa e pústula eosinofília, respectivamente para essas doenças. A dermatopatia endócrina encontrada foi o hipotireoidismo (alopecia e hiperpigmentação generalizada) com predomínio de folículos telogênicos no exame histopatológico. Nos animais com dermatopatia parasitária (lesões em abdome, membros, dígitos, períneo, tórax e cauda) foi observado foliculite linfoplasmocitária estruturas intrafoliculares compatíveis com Demodex sp. no exame histopatológico. As outras dermatopatias encontradas foram a alopecia por diluição de cor, furunculose interdigital, acne canina e piodermite dos calos em um mesmo animal, Acanthosis Nigricans do Dachshund e reação a corpo estranho (granuloma causado por ceratina). As doenças dos felinos foram dermatite atópica (lesões em cabeça e bilateral flanco) e criptococose cutânea (lesões em face e base da orelha). Na histopatologia havia dermatite ulcerativa mastocitária e eosinofílica perivascular a intersticial e dermatite ulcerativa e piogranulomatosa com estruturas leveduriformes intralesionais, respectivamente. Concluímos que a dificuldade encontrada no diagnóstico das dermatopatias é por falta de padronização e/ou conhecimentos do médico veterinário e falha na comunicação entre o patologista, o clínico e o tutor do animal.

Dermatological diseases in small animals can be considered a challenge for tutors, clinicians and pathologists. The objective of this study was to investigate conditions that interfere in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic dermatopathies in dogs and cats. This work was divided into three parts. In the first and second part of the study, two questionnaires were applied, the first to veterinarian physician from 11 cities in the state of Paraná and the second to tutors of small animals with dermatological disease in a veterinary hospital. In the third part of the study, the evaluation of the histopathological aspects that could be used for the differentiation of non-neoplastic dermatopathies in dogs and cats was carried out, correlating with the clinical findings. In the first stage of the study, it was observed that the main difficulty found in the dermatological routine was commitment of the animal guardian (54.95%). Relapses of up to 30% were reported by 40% of clinicians. There was a predominance of middle-class tutors in clinical consultations (56%) and the majority of clinicians (84%) had already used the histopathological examination and expected diagnosis (73.44%) and faster results (27.91%). The main suggestion in the diagnosis was the performance of complementary tests (48.33%). In the second stage of the study, it was observed that most of the tutors sought treatment in up to one month (54%) of the onset of the disease, however, 16% waited two months and 30%, more than six months to start treatment. Only 38% of tutors reported improvement of the animal after treatment. The tutors who did not perform the treatment (12%) justified the fact mainly because the treatment was very expensive (33.33%) and because they thought it was not improving (33.33%). Most tutors (60%) report that no further type of examination was required prior to initiation of treatment. In the third stage of the research, 40 animals were biopsied, and these 95% were dogs and 5% were cats. In the examinations performed in dogs, 45% were allergic dermatopathies, 12.5% were immunomediated, 7.5% were endocrine and 5% were parasitic. Other dermatopathies totaled 10% and the inconclusive cases reached 15%. Among the allergic dogs 38.89% were undefined. According to the tutors the allergic disease started between less than 1 year to 3 years of age (66.67%) of the animal and the first lesions that appeared were mainly erythematous (27.78%), formed skin crusts (27.78% ) in the ventral region (44.44%) and limbs (27.78%). Only 44.44% of the allergic dogs arrived at the definitive diagnosis, 27.78% of the patients had different protocols, and 27.78% of the dogs did not return to the clinic. Among the groups that arrived at the diagnosis, 50% were compatible with food hypersensitivity, 37.5% with allergic dermatitis to flea bite and 12.5% with contact dermatitis. The main point evaluated in the histopathology of allergic animals was the inflammatory pattern. The immune-mediated skin diseases were discoid lupus erythematosus (lesion in the nasal and dorsal plane of the muzzle) and pemphigus foliaceus (trunk, limbs, head and cushion). In the histopathological examination, inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the band and pustule eosinophilia were visualized, respectively, for these diseases. The endocrine dermatopathy found was hypothyroidism (alopecia and generalized hyperpigmentation) with a predominance of telogenic follicles in histopathological examination. In animals with parasitic dermatopathy (lesions in abdomen, limbs, digits, perineum, thorax and tail) we observed lymphoplasmacytic folliculitis intrafollicular structures compatible with Demodex sp. Histopathological examination. The other dermatopathies found were color-diluted alopecia, interdigital furunculosis, canine acne and callus pyoderma in the same animal, Dachshund's Acanthosis Nigricans and foreign body reaction (granuloma caused by keratin). Feline diseases were atopic dermatitis (lesions on the head and bilateral flank) and cutaneous cryptococcosis (lesions on the face and base of the ear). In the histopathology there was ulcerative mastocytoma and eosinophilic perivascular to interstitial dermatitis and ulcerative and piogranulomatous dermatitis with intralesional yeast structures, respectively. We conclude that the difficulty found in the diagnosis of dermatopathies is due to the lack of standardization and / or knowledge of the veterinarian and the lack of communication between the pathologist, clinician and animal guardian.

Avaliação da Proteína C Reativa como marcador inflamatório e de seu potencial para monitoração terapêutica em casos de pênfigo foliáceo e de piodermite superficial na espécie canina

O pênfigo foliáceo inclui-se em um grupo de dermatoses autoimunes vésico-bolhosas da pele e mucosas reconhecido em alguns mamíferos, incluíndo os cães. Muitos autores acreditam que o pênfigo foliáceo (PF) é a dermatopatia autoimune mais frequentemente observada em caninos. Muitas podem ser as enfermidades caninas que devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial do pênfigo foliáceo, principalmente, a piodermite superficial (PS). A Proteína C Reativa (PCr) é conhecida como a principal proteína de fase aguda em cães. Nesses espécimes, a elevação da PCr tem sido observada em ampla variedade de condições mórbidas. A determinação da PCr tem sido proposta como um marcador inflamatório de algumas doenças autoimunes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a Proteína C Reativa pode ser utilizada como um marcador biológico precoce para diferenciar o pênfigo foliáceo da piodermite superficial em cães. Esta pesquisa constituiu um estudo clínico observacional prospectivo longitudinal, realizada em cães acometidos pelo PF ou PS. Foram incluídos 59 cães divididos em três Grupos I (Controle) com 31 animais, II (PF) e III (PS), cada um constituído por 14 cães. Submeteram-se, respectivamente, fragmentos cutâneos e soros de caninos, acometidos por PF ou PS, a exames histopatologicos e imunofluorescência direta (IFD) e à determinação de PCr e, também, a imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), utilizando-se para essa última coxins palmo-plantares a título de substrato. O grau de acometimento dos pacientes penfigosos (Grupo II) foi avaliado pelo PEFESI, durante período de até 90 dias, em diferentes momentos em que se realizou a IFI e a avaliação da PCr. Comparando-se os valores de IFD com aqueles da histopatologia obtiveram-se valores geral de concordância de 75% (9/12) e Índice Kappa de 0,77 (p<0,001) e, também, concordância dita substancial entre os dois métodos. Já, na IFI o valor de concordância foi de 100% (14/14), o de Kappa de 1,0 (p<0,001), com concordância considerada perfeita entre a IFI e a histopatologia. O Grupo II apresentou maior valor de mediana de PCr (37,4 g/mL) quando comparado aos Grupos I, com 2,9 g/mL (p<0,0001) e III, com 3,8 g/mL (p=0,008). Não houve diferença entre os Grupos I e III (p=0,178). Considerando-se como ponto de corte um valor de PCr > 10,6g/mL, a chance de um animal estar acometido pelo PF é 5,5 vezes maior àquela de um cão não afetado, o que equivale a uma probabilidade pós-teste de 84,6%, conferindo um acréscimo de 34,6% na capacidade de diagnóstico do PF. Conclui-se que determinação de PCr é de inequívoca valia para o estabelecimento de diferenciação diagnóstica entre a casuística da contumaz piodermite superficial com quadros do pênfigo foliáceo canino.

Pemphigus is included in a group of skin and mucous autoimmune vesicobullous dermatoses recognized in some mammals, including dogs. Many authors believe that pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is the autoimmune skin disease most often observed in dogs. Many must be the canine diseases considered in the pemphigus foliaceus differential diagnosis, especially the superficial pyoderma (SP). The C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is known as a major acute phase protein in dogs. The CRP increase has been observed in a wide variety of morbid conditions in dogs. The determination of CRP has been proposed as an inflammatory marker of some autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to determine whether C-Reactive Protein can be used as an early biomarker to differentiate pemphigus foliaceus of superficial pyoderma in dogs. An observational prospective longitudinal clinical study was undertaken including dogs affected by PF or PS. Fifth nine dogs were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) with 31 animals and II (PF) and III (SP), consisting of 14 dogs each. Dogs affected by PF or SP had skin fragments submitted to histopathological examination and direct immunofluorescent reaction (DIF). The blood sera were used to determine the CRP concentration, and also to perform the indirect imunofluorescent reaction (IIF) using canine footpad as substrate. The pemphigus patients (Group II) clinical involvement degree was evaluated by PEFESI, over a period of 90 days, moments in which IFI and evaluation of CRP took place. Comparing the DIF values with the histopathology there was an agreement of 75% (9/12) with a Kappa index of 0.77 (p <0.001) which means a degree of substantial arrangement between the two methods. Considering IIF, the agreement value was 100% (14/14) with Kappa index of 1.0 (p <0.001), showing perfect arrangement between the IIF and the histopathology. Group II showed higher CRP median (37.4 mg / mL) compared to Groups I, with 2.9 mg / mL (p <0.0001) and III with 3.8 mg / mL (p = 0.008 ). There was no statistic difference between groups I and III (p = 0.178). Considering CRP> 10,6g / mL as a cutoff value, the chance of an animal having PF is 5.5 times higher than not to be, which is equivalent to a post-test probability of 84,6%, giving a 34.6% increase in the PF diagnostic capability. It concludes that determination of CRP is unequivocal asset for the establishment of diagnostic differentiation between the common superficial pyoderma to canine pemphigus foliaceus.

Pênfigo foliáceo em cabra Boer

Pemphigus foliaceous is an autoimmune disease of the skin affecting mainly dogs and, with less frequency, other domestic species. A case of this disease is reported in the semiarid of Paraiba, Brazil, in a Boer goat with chronic skin lesions with extensive bilateral exfoliatives areas of alopecia, with yellowish crusts affecting the dorsal scapular region, thorax, abdominal wall, croup, hindlimbs and tail. On the coronary band of the hoofs, thick crusts were observed. Microscopiacally, there were hyperkeratosis, spongiosis, intracorneal and sucorneal pustules affecting the epidermis and follicular infundibula. Large number of neutrophils, eosinophils and acantholitic cells were observed in the pustules. The dermis had congestion and mild infiltration of eosinophils, rare plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages, mainly in the periphery of follicles. Gross and histologic lesions are characteristic of pemphigus foliaceous, an uncommon disease of goats. This seems to be the first report of pemphigus foliaceous in goats in Brazil.

Pênfigo foliáceo é uma doença auto-imune crônica da pele observada com freqüência em cães e, com menor freqüência, em outras espécies animais. Neste trabalho é descrito um caso desta enfermidade no semi-árido da Paraíba, em uma cabra da raça Boer, que apresentava lesões crônicas de pele com extensas áreas alopécicas irregulares, esfoliativas, com crostas amareladas e bilaterais que afetavam a região dorsal da escápula, do tórax, do dorso, da parede do abdominal, da garupa, dos membros pélvicos e da cauda. No rodete coronário, havia espessamento da pele e lesões crostosas. Microscopicamente foram observadas hiperqueratose, espongiose e pústulas intracorneais ou subcornais afetando epiderme e infundíbulos. Nas pústulas, havia grande quantidade de neutrófilos, eosinófilos e células acantolíticas. Na derme, havia acentuada congestão e moderado infiltrado inflamatório composto por eosinófilos, raros plasmócitos, linfócitos e macrófagos, principalmente na periferia de capilares e nos folículos pilosos. Os achados macro e microscópicos são característicos de pênfigo foliáceo. Esta enfermidade é rara em caprinos e, provavelmente, este seja o primeiro relato da doença no Brasil.

Pênfigo foliáceo em cabra Boer

Pemphigus foliaceous is an autoimmune disease of the skin affecting mainly dogs and, with less frequency, other domestic species. A case of this disease is reported in the semiarid of Paraiba, Brazil, in a Boer goat with chronic skin lesions with extensive bilateral exfoliatives areas of alopecia, with yellowish crusts affecting the dorsal scapular region, thorax, abdominal wall, croup, hindlimbs and tail. On the coronary band of the hoofs, thick crusts were observed. Microscopiacally, there were hyperkeratosis, spongiosis, intracorneal and sucorneal pustules affecting the epidermis and follicular infundibula. Large number of neutrophils, eosinophils and acantholitic cells were observed in the pustules. The dermis had congestion and mild infiltration of eosinophils, rare plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages, mainly in the periphery of follicles. Gross and histologic lesions are characteristic of pemphigus foliaceous, an uncommon disease of goats. This seems to be the first report of pemphigus foliaceous in goats in Brazil.

Pênfigo foliáceo é uma doença auto-imune crônica da pele observada com freqüência em cães e, com menor freqüência, em outras espécies animais. Neste trabalho é descrito um caso desta enfermidade no semi-árido da Paraíba, em uma cabra da raça Boer, que apresentava lesões crônicas de pele com extensas áreas alopécicas irregulares, esfoliativas, com crostas amareladas e bilaterais que afetavam a região dorsal da escápula, do tórax, do dorso, da parede do abdominal, da garupa, dos membros pélvicos e da cauda. No rodete coronário, havia espessamento da pele e lesões crostosas. Microscopicamente foram observadas hiperqueratose, espongiose e pústulas intracorneais ou subcornais afetando epiderme e infundíbulos. Nas pústulas, havia grande quantidade de neutrófilos, eosinófilos e células acantolíticas. Na derme, havia acentuada congestão e moderado infiltrado inflamatório composto por eosinófilos, raros plasmócitos, linfócitos e macrófagos, principalmente na periferia de capilares e nos folículos pilosos. Os achados macro e microscópicos são característicos de pênfigo foliáceo. Esta enfermidade é rara em caprinos e, provavelmente, este seja o primeiro relato da doença no Brasil.

Pênfigo foliáceo canino: estudo retrospectivo de 43 casos clínicos e terapia (2000-2005) / Canine Pemphigus foliaceus: a retrospective study of 43 clinical cases and therapy (2000-2005)

No período de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2005 foram atendidos 43 casos de Pênfigo Foliáceo (PF) canino no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo. Com este estudo retrospectivo visou-se atualizar dados referentes à caracterização sexual, definição racial e raça, idade, tipo e topografia lesional, quadro sintomático e resposta aos tratamentos isolados com prednisona e com a associação desta à azatioprina, além de demonstrar o aumento na ocorrência do PF relativamente à série histórica pretérita (1986-2000) do mesmo Serviço.(AU)

From August 2000 to July 2005 were attended 43 cases of canine Pemphigus foliaceous (PF) by the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo. The aim of the present study was to update the records referred to sex, breed, age, type and location of the lesions, clinical signs, and response to treatments with prednisone or combination with prednisone and azathioprine, and also to demonstrate the increase of occurrence of PF compared with the former series (1986-2000) observed in the same Service.(AU)