Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)

Abstract The yellow clam is a sand-burrowing bivalve that inhabits the dissipative beaches from southern Brazil to the north coast of Argentina. In the last decades, populations of this species have been impacted by mass mortality events, overfishing and other anthropogenic activities. The production of juveniles in captivity would allow feasibility studies to be carried out to restore the natural stock as well as the production in aquaculture systems. Given the scarcity of studies on the maintenance of this species in captivity, a culture system and a management protocol were developed and tested. Wild-caught clams (total length 50 mm) were used in a series of 14 day-long trials. Survival was higher in clams that were allowed to bury into the sand. A permanent ink marker covered with a thin layer of a quick-hardening adhesive proved to be a reliable method to tag clams. The maintenance of yellow clams in this system resulted in high survival and growth, increases in the condition factor and oocyte diameter, and a relative advancement of gonadal development.

Resumo O marisco branco é um bivalve de areia que habita as praias dissipativas do sul do Brasil até a costa norte da Argentina. Nas últimas décadas, as populações desta espécie têm sido afetadas por eventos de mortalidade maciça, sobrepesca e outras atividades antropogênicas. A produção de juvenis em cativeiro permitiria a realização de estudos de viabilidade para restaurar o estoque natural, assim como a produção em sistemas de aquicultura. Dada a escassez de estudos sobre a manutenção desta espécie em cativeiro, um sistema de cultivo e um protocolo de manejo foram desenvolvidos e testados. Mariscos branco selvagens (comprimento total 50 mm) foram utilizados em uma série de ensaios de 14 dias de duração. A sobrevivência foi maior nos mariscos que podiam ser enterrados na areia. Um marcador de tinta permanente coberto com uma fina camada de adesivo de endurecimento rápido provou ser um método confiável para marcar os mariscos. A manutenção dos mariscos neste sistema resultou em alta sobrevivência e crescimento, aumento do fator de condição e do diâmetro do ovócito, e um relativo avanço do desenvolvimento gonadal.

Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) / Desenvolvimento e otimização de um sistema de manutenção experimental para reprodutores de marisco branco Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)

The yellow clam is a sand-burrowing bivalve that inhabits the dissipative beaches from southern Brazil to the north coast of Argentina. In the last decades, populations of this species have been impacted by mass mortality events, overfishing and other anthropogenic activities. The production of juveniles in captivity would allow feasibility studies to be carried out to restore the natural stock as well as the production in aquaculture systems. Given the scarcity of studies on the maintenance of this species in captivity, a culture system and a management protocol were developed and tested. Wild-caught clams (total length ≥50 mm) were used in a series of 14 day-long trials. Survival was higher in clams that were allowed to bury into the sand. A permanent ink marker covered with a thin layer of a quick-hardening adhesive proved to be a reliable method to tag clams. The maintenance of yellow clams in this system resulted in high survival and growth, increases in the condition factor and oocyte diameter, and a relative advancement of gonadal development.

O marisco branco é um bivalve de areia que habita as praias dissipativas do sul do Brasil até a costa norte da Argentina. Nas últimas décadas, as populações desta espécie têm sido afetadas por eventos de mortalidade maciça, sobrepesca e outras atividades antropogênicas. A produção de juvenis em cativeiro permitiria a realização de estudos de viabilidade para restaurar o estoque natural, assim como a produção em sistemas de aquicultura. Dada a escassez de estudos sobre a manutenção desta espécie em cativeiro, um sistema de cultivo e um protocolo de manejo foram desenvolvidos e testados. Mariscos branco selvagens (comprimento total ≥50 mm) foram utilizados em uma série de ensaios de 14 dias de duração. A sobrevivência foi maior nos mariscos que podiam ser enterrados na areia. Um marcador de tinta permanente coberto com uma fina camada de adesivo de endurecimento rápido provou ser um método confiável para marcar os mariscos. A manutenção dos mariscos neste sistema resultou em alta sobrevivência e crescimento, aumento do fator de condição e do diâmetro do ovócito, e um relativo avanço do desenvolvimento gonadal.

Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) / Desenvolvimento e otimização de um sistema de manutenção experimental para reprodutores de marisco branco Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)

The yellow clam is a sand-burrowing bivalve that inhabits the dissipative beaches from southern Brazil to the north coast of Argentina. In the last decades, populations of this species have been impacted by mass mortality events, overfishing and other anthropogenic activities. The production of juveniles in captivity would allow feasibility studies to be carried out to restore the natural stock as well as the production in aquaculture systems. Given the scarcity of studies on the maintenance of this species in captivity, a culture system and a management protocol were developed and tested. Wild-caught clams (total length ≥50 mm) were used in a series of 14 day-long trials. Survival was higher in clams that were allowed to bury into the sand. A permanent ink marker covered with a thin layer of a quick-hardening adhesive proved to be a reliable method to tag clams. The maintenance of yellow clams in this system resulted in high survival and growth, increases in the condition factor and oocyte diameter, and a relative advancement of gonadal development.

O marisco branco é um bivalve de areia que habita as praias dissipativas do sul do Brasil até a costa norte da Argentina. Nas últimas décadas, as populações desta espécie têm sido afetadas por eventos de mortalidade maciça, sobrepesca e outras atividades antropogênicas. A produção de juvenis em cativeiro permitiria a realização de estudos de viabilidade para restaurar o estoque natural, assim como a produção em sistemas de aquicultura. Dada a escassez de estudos sobre a manutenção desta espécie em cativeiro, um sistema de cultivo e um protocolo de manejo foram desenvolvidos e testados. Mariscos branco selvagens (comprimento total ≥50 mm) foram utilizados em uma série de ensaios de 14 dias de duração. A sobrevivência foi maior nos mariscos que podiam ser enterrados na areia. Um marcador de tinta permanente coberto com uma fina camada de adesivo de endurecimento rápido provou ser um método confiável para marcar os mariscos. A manutenção dos mariscos neste sistema resultou em alta sobrevivência e crescimento, aumento do fator de condição e do diâmetro do ovócito, e um relativo avanço do desenvolvimento gonadal.

Design and optimization of an experimental maintenance system for yellow clam broodstock Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) / Desenvolvimento e otimização de um sistema de manutenção experimental para reprodutores de marisco branco Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854)

The yellow clam is a sand-burrowing bivalve that inhabits the dissipative beaches from southern Brazil to the north coast of Argentina. In the last decades, populations of this species have been impacted by mass mortality events, overfishing and other anthropogenic activities. The production of juveniles in captivity would allow feasibility studies to be carried out to restore the natural stock as well as the production in aquaculture systems. Given the scarcity of studies on the maintenance of this species in captivity, a culture system and a management protocol were developed and tested. Wild-caught clams (total length ≥50 mm) were used in a series of 14 day-long trials. Survival was higher in clams that were allowed to bury into the sand. A permanent ink marker covered with a thin layer of a quick-hardening adhesive proved to be a reliable method to tag clams. The maintenance of yellow clams in this system resulted in high survival and growth, increases in the condition factor and oocyte diameter, and a relative advancement of gonadal development.(AU)

O marisco branco é um bivalve de areia que habita as praias dissipativas do sul do Brasil até a costa norte da Argentina. Nas últimas décadas, as populações desta espécie têm sido afetadas por eventos de mortalidade maciça, sobrepesca e outras atividades antropogênicas. A produção de juvenis em cativeiro permitiria a realização de estudos de viabilidade para restaurar o estoque natural, assim como a produção em sistemas de aquicultura. Dada a escassez de estudos sobre a manutenção desta espécie em cativeiro, um sistema de cultivo e um protocolo de manejo foram desenvolvidos e testados. Mariscos branco selvagens (comprimento total ≥50 mm) foram utilizados em uma série de ensaios de 14 dias de duração. A sobrevivência foi maior nos mariscos que podiam ser enterrados na areia. Um marcador de tinta permanente coberto com uma fina camada de adesivo de endurecimento rápido provou ser um método confiável para marcar os mariscos. A manutenção dos mariscos neste sistema resultou em alta sobrevivência e crescimento, aumento do fator de condição e do diâmetro do ovócito, e um relativo avanço do desenvolvimento gonadal.(AU)

Analgesia pós-operatória com Fentanil transdérmico ou Metadona intramuscular em cães submetidos à hemilaminectomia toracolombar / Postoperative analgesia with transdermal Fentanyl or intramuscular Methadone in dogs submitted to thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy

Background: Postoperative care after thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs generally includes rest, physical therapy,and analgesics such as opioids. Currently, there is no established standard for the management of postoperative pain inpatients undergoing hemilaminectomy. Ideally, an analgesic protocol should provide adequate pain relief with limited sedation, low adverse effects, and postoperative patient comfort. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate postoperative analgesiausing transdermal fentanyl or intramuscular methadone in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy associatedwith intervertebral disc fenestration (HT) for the treatment of intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Materials, Methods & Results: Eight dogs from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of a Veterinary TeachingHospital, submitted to HT for the treatment of IVDE, were included. The dogs were randomly distributed into 2 groups ofequal numbers, namely the transdermal fentanyl (FT) group and the intramuscular methadone (IM) group. At the end ofthe surgical procedure, a fentanyl adhesive patch was applied to the animals in the FT group, which remained there for 72h. In the IM group, analgesia was induced by intramuscular administration of methadone at intervals of 6 h until 72 h aftersurgery. The animals were evaluated using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pains Scale (CMPS-SF).Evaluations of physiological parameters, side effects, and pain were performed by 2 assessors who had experience usingthe pain scale and were blinded to the analgesic protocol. Pain evaluations were performed every 2 h (from T4) until 24h after the surgical procedure. Evaluations were performed every 4 h from 24 h to 48 h after the surgical procedure and...

Reproductive performance of fixed-time artificial insemination in heifers supplemented with a homeopathic complex / Desempenho reprodutivo à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em novilhas suplementadas com complexo homeopático

For this study, ½ blood Nelore × Aberdeen Angus heifers (n = 40; 14 months) were divided into two groups: control (n=20; 310 kg) and Pró-Cio (n=20; 304 kg). For Pró-Cio group, 20g of homeopathic product (Pró-cio®, Real H, Campo Grande, Brazil) was supplied together with corn eighteen days prior (D-18) to the beginning of the fixed-time artificial insemination protocol (FTAI). On D0, all females received an intravaginal P4 device and 2 mg BE. On D5, the AFC was assessed by ultrasound and blood was collected for AMH dosage. On D8, P4 device was removed; 300 IU eCG, 0.530 mg of cloprostenol sodium and 0.5 mg of EC were administered; an estrus-identifying adhesive was fixed at the tail insertion and the diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) was measured. On D10, all heifers were inseminated, estrus manifestation was assessed and the preovulatory follicle (POF) was measured. On D20, the CL area was measured and blood flow was assessed using Doppler ultrasound. Data were analyzed by Student, Mann-Whitney or Friedman test. The rates of heat expression, ovulation, and blood flow score with Doppler were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and pregnancy rate by binary logistic regression model (P ≤ 0.05). There was no difference in AFC or AMH dosage (P > 0.05). Pró-Cio group had greater diameters of the DF (9.94 ± 0.42 mm) and POF (11.61 ± 0.56 mm) than the controls (DF: 7.72 ± 0.34 mm and POF: 9.91 ± 0.37 mm), as well a larger CL area (3.26 ± 0.26 versus 2.35 ± 0.16 cm2) and a higher mean CL vascularization score (3.06 versus 2.26; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between estrus manifestation or conception rate for control and Pró-Cio groups. Heifers supplemented with the homeopathic product showed larger follicular diameters at the end of the FTAI protocol and CL with better blood flow scores compared to the control group.

Para esse estudo, novilhas ½ sangue Nelore x Aberdeen Angus (n = 40; 14 meses) foram divididas em dois grupos: Controle (n = 20; 310 kg) e Pró-cio (n = 20; 304 kg). Para o grupo Pró-Cio, 20 g/animal de produto homeopático (Pró-cio®, Real H, Campo Grande, Brazil) foi fornecido juntamente com o milho dezoito dias antes (D-18) de inicar o protocolo de inseminaçãoa artificial em tempo-fixo (IATF). No D0, todas as fêmeas receberam um dispositivo intravaginal de P4 e 2 mg BE. No D5, avaliou-se a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) por ultrassonografia e realizou-se coleta de sangue para dosagem de AMH. No D8, procedeu-se a retirada do dispositivo de P4; aplicação de 300 UI de eCG, 0,530 mg de cloprostenol sódico e 0,5 mg de CE; um adesivo identificador de estro foi fixado na inserção da cauda e foi feita a mensuração do diâmetro do folículo dominante (FD). No D10, todas as novilhas foram inseminadas, foi realizada a avaliação da manifestação de estro e mensuração do folículo pré-ovulatório (FPO). No D20, realizou-se mensuração da área e avaliação do fluxo sanguíneo do CL por ultrassonografia Doppler. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Student, Mann-Whitney ou Friedman. As taxas de expressão de estro, ovulação e escore de fluxo sanguíneo com Doppler foram analisadas usando o teste exato de Fisher e taxa de prenhez pelo modelo de regressão logística binária (p ≤ 0,05). Não houve diferença na CFA nem na dosagem de AMH (p > 0,05). O grupo PróCio apresentou maior diâmetro do FD (9,94 ± 0,42 mm) e FPO (11,61 ± 0,56 mm) em relação ao controle (FD: 7,72 ± 0,34 mm e FPO: 9,91 ± 0,37 mm), além de maior área do CL (3,26 ± 0,26 versus 2,35 ± 0,16 cm2; p < 0,05) e maior escore de vascularização médio do CL (3,06 versus 2,26; p < 0,05). Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) na taxa de manifestação de estro e nem na taxa de concepção entre os grupos Controle e Pró-Cio, respectivamente. Novilhas suplementadas com o produto homeopático apresentaram maiores diâmetros foliculares ao final do protocolo de IATF e CL com melhores escores de fluxo sanguíneo em relação ao grupo controle.

Chronic venous ulcers: a review on treatment with fibrin sealant and prognostic advances using proteomic strategies

Venous ulcers are the main causes of chronic lower-limb ulcers. The healing difficulties encourage the research and development of new products in order to achieve better therapeutic results. Fibrin sealant is one of these alternatives. Besides being a validated scaffold and drug delivery system, it possesses excellent healing properties. This review covered the last 25 years of the literature and showed that the fibrin sealant is used in various clinical situations to promote the healing of different types of ulcers, especially chronic ones. These are mostly venous in origin and usually does not respond to conventional treatment. Commercially, only the homologous fibrin sealants obtained from human blood are available, which are highly efficient but very expensive. The heterologous fibrin sealant is a non-commercial experimental low-cost product and easily produced due to the abundance of raw material. The phase I/II clinical trial is already completed and showed that the product is safe and promisingly efficacious for the treatment of chronic venous ulcers. In addition, clinical proteomic strategies to assess disease prognosis have been increasingly used. By analyzing liquid samples from the wounds through proteomic strategies, it is possible to predict before treatment which ulcers will evolve favorably and which ones will be difficult to heal. This prognosis is only possible by evaluating the expression of isolated proteins in exudates and analysis using label-free strategies for shotgun. Multicentric clinical trials will be required to evaluate the efficacy of fibrin sealant to treat chronic ulcers, as well as to validate the proteomic strategies to assess prognosis.(AU)

Neuroprotection and immunomodulation by dimethyl fumarate and a heterologous fibrin biopolymer after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation

Background: Ventral root avulsion (VRA) is an experimental approach in which there is an abrupt separation of the motor roots from the surface of the spinal cord. As a result, most of the axotomized motoneurons degenerate by the second week after injury, and the significant loss of synapses and increased glial reaction triggers a chronic inflammatory state. Pharmacological treatment associated with root reimplantation is thought to overcome the degenerative effects of VRA. Therefore, treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects, in combination with a heterologous fibrin sealant/biopolymer (FS), a biological glue, may improve the regenerative response. Methods: Adult female Lewis rats were subjected to VRA of L4-L6 roots followed by reimplantation and daily treatment with DMF for four weeks. Survival times were evaluated 1, 4 or 12 weeks after surgery. Neuronal survival assessed by Nissl staining, glial reactivity (anti-GFAP for astrocytes and anti-Iba-1 for microglia) and synapse preservation (anti-VGLUT1 for glutamatergic inputs and anti-GAD65 for GABAergic inputs) evaluated by immunofluorescence, gene expression (pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules) and motor function recovery were measured. Results: Treatment with DMF at a dose of 15 mg/kg was found to be neuroprotective and immunomodulatory because it preserved motoneurons and synapses and decreased astrogliosis and microglial reactions, as well as downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory gene transcripts. Conclusion: The pharmacological benefit was further enhanced when associated with root reimplantation with FS, in which animals recovered at least 50% of motor function, showing the efficacy of employing multiple regenerative approaches following spinal cord root injury.(AU)

The effect of fibrin glue in preventing staple-line leak after sleeve gastrectomy. An experimental study in rats

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of fibrin glue on staple-line leak after sleeve gastrectomy. Methods Fourteen adult wistar rats 300 gr were randomized into two groups: Control group (n=7) and study group (n=7). All the rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy using lineer stapler. In the study group, fibrin glue was used to reinforce the staple-line. The rats were sacrificed 7 days after surgery. The stomach was resected, submerged in saline and exposed to excess pressure to obtain a burst pressure value. The gastric staple line was evaluated histopathologically according to the Ehrlich Hunt scale. The results of the two groups were compared. Results The mean Ehrlich-Hunt scores for inflammation, fibroblastic activity and neo-angiogenesis were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Collagen deposition was significantly higher in study group (3.42±0.53) when compared with control group (2.57±0.78) (p=0.035). The mean burst pressure was 137.8±8.5 mmHg for control group and 135.0±8.1 mmHg for study group (p=0.536). Conclusion Reinforcement of the staple-line with fibrin glue has no effect on the burst pressure after sleeve gastrectomy. More studies are needed to evaluate the precautions against leak after sleeve gastrectomy.(AU)

Fibrin biopolymer as scaffold candidate to treat bone defects in rats

Background:Bone tissue repair remains a challenge in tissue engineering. Currently, new materials are being applied and often integrated with live cells and biological scaffolds. The fibrin biopolymer (FBP) proposed in this study has hemostatic, sealant, adhesive, scaffolding and drug-delivery properties. The regenerative potential of an association of FBP, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was evaluated in defects of rat femurs.Methods:Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to a 5-mm defect in the femur. This was filled with the following materials and/or associations: BPC; FBP and BCP; FBP and MSCs; and BCP, FBP and MSCs. Bone defect without filling was defined as the control group. Thirty and sixty days after the procedure, animals were euthanatized and subjected to computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and qualitative and quantitative histological analysis.Results:It was shown that FBP is a suitable scaffold for bone defects due to the formation of a stable clot that facilitates the handling and optimizes the surgical procedures, allowing also cell adhesion and proliferation. The association between the materials was biocompatible. Progressive deposition of bone matrix was higher in the group treated with FBP and MSCs. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic lineage was not necessary to stimulate bone formation.Conclusions:FBP proved to be an excellent scaffold candidate for bone repair therapies due to application ease and biocompatibility with synthetic calcium-based materials. The satisfactory results obtained by the association of FBP with MSCs may provide a more effective and less costly new approach for bone tissue engineering.(AU)

Efficiency of collage in Japanese kiri wood (Paulownia tomentosa) / Eficiência da colagem em madeira de kiri japonês (Paulownia tomentosa)

A colagem em peças de madeira por meio de adesivos é realizada desde a época dos faraós. Com o passar dos anos as tecnologias foram desenvolvidas sobretudo nos adesivos e nas diferentes espécies madeireiras existentes, adaptando-se aos diversos usos pretendidos. Neste contexto também se pode inferir sobre os métodos de análises de sua eficácia. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resistência na linha de cola mediante o uso de dois adesivos em madeira de Paulownia tomentosa (kiri japonês). As juntas coladas foram preparadas com adesivos resorcinol formaldeído e melamina ureia formaldeído. Avaliou-se a interface madeira-adesivo por meio da espessura da linha de cola principal e secundária com uso de fotomicrografias, resistência ao cisalhamento e percentagem de falha na madeira. Os adesivos apresentaram comportamento desuniforme ao longo da linha da cola. O adesivo resorcinol formaldeído penetrou de forma mais incisiva nos elementos de vasos e raios. A madeira de kiri apresentou percentual de falha superior a 92%, independente do adesivo. A eficiência na colagem com ambos adesivos testados possibilita o uso da madeira de Paulownia tomentosa no Brasil em movelaria e construção civil.

The collage on pieces of wood using adhesives has been performed since the Pharaoh era. Over the years, technologies have been developed especially for adhesives and different species of wood, adapting to the desired diverse uses. In this context we can also infer the methods of analysis and its efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance in the glue-line by using adhesives in Paulownia tomentosa wood (Japanese kiri). The bonded joints were prepared with resorcinol formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde adhesives. The wood-adhesive interface was evaluated by means of the thickness of the main and secondary glue-lines using photomicrographs, shear strength, and percentage of wood imperfections. The adhesives presented non-uniform behavior in the glue-line. It was possible to observe that the adhesives penetrated in the wood anatomical structures (elements of vessels and rays). The resorcinol formaldehyde adhesive had higher penetration values. The kiri wood imperfection percentage was greater than 92%, independent of the adhesive. The high efficiency observed in bonding with both adhesives allows the use of wood of Paulownia tomentosa in Brazil for furniture and civil construction.

Efficiency of collage in Japanese kiri wood (Paulownia tomentosa) / Eficiência da colagem em madeira de kiri japonês (Paulownia tomentosa)

A colagem em peças de madeira por meio de adesivos é realizada desde a época dos faraós. Com o passar dos anos as tecnologias foram desenvolvidas sobretudo nos adesivos e nas diferentes espécies madeireiras existentes, adaptando-se aos diversos usos pretendidos. Neste contexto também se pode inferir sobre os métodos de análises de sua eficácia. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resistência na linha de cola mediante o uso de dois adesivos em madeira de Paulownia tomentosa (kiri japonês). As juntas coladas foram preparadas com adesivos resorcinol formaldeído e melamina ureia formaldeído. Avaliou-se a interface madeira-adesivo por meio da espessura da linha de cola principal e secundária com uso de fotomicrografias, resistência ao cisalhamento e percentagem de falha na madeira. Os adesivos apresentaram comportamento desuniforme ao longo da linha da cola. O adesivo resorcinol formaldeído penetrou de forma mais incisiva nos elementos de vasos e raios. A madeira de kiri apresentou percentual de falha superior a 92%, independente do adesivo. A eficiência na colagem com ambos adesivos testados possibilita o uso da madeira de Paulownia tomentosa no Brasil em movelaria e construção civil.(AU)

The collage on pieces of wood using adhesives has been performed since the Pharaoh era. Over the years, technologies have been developed especially for adhesives and different species of wood, adapting to the desired diverse uses. In this context we can also infer the methods of analysis and its efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance in the glue-line by using adhesives in Paulownia tomentosa wood (Japanese kiri). The bonded joints were prepared with resorcinol formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde adhesives. The wood-adhesive interface was evaluated by means of the thickness of the main and secondary glue-lines using photomicrographs, shear strength, and percentage of wood imperfections. The adhesives presented non-uniform behavior in the glue-line. It was possible to observe that the adhesives penetrated in the wood anatomical structures (elements of vessels and rays). The resorcinol formaldehyde adhesive had higher penetration values. The kiri wood imperfection percentage was greater than 92%, independent of the adhesive. The high efficiency observed in bonding with both adhesives allows the use of wood of Paulownia tomentosa in Brazil for furniture and civil construction.(AU)

Hidrogeis de polivinil-álcool (PVA) contendo o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 para aplicação como curativo adesivo para a indústria de alimentos / Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing the UFV-AREG1 bacteriophagus for application as a curative adhesive for the food industry

Infecções cutâneas obtidas por cortes nas mãos de manipuladores podem gerar contaminação nos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 em hidrogel de álcool poli(vinílico) PVA, aplicando-o futuramente como curativo adesivo. Foi adicionado 1,0 mL de solução do fago no PVA e seco em estufa por 48 h. Após, os hidrogeis foram submetidos a testes de Intumescimento, Espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e efeito antimicrobiano sobre E. coli O157:H7. O intumescimento do PVA-fago foi maior que o PVA-controle (p<0,05). A área de inibição do PVA-fago foi de 3,715 cm2 contra 2,916 cm2 do controle. As análises do FTIR mostraram um pico para o PVA-fago não encontrado no PVA-controle. Foi possível incorporar o bacteriófago em hidrogel de PVA e avaliar sua liberação para posterior aplicação como curativo adesivo.(AU)

Hidrogeis de polivinil-álcool (PVA) contendo o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 para aplicação como curativo adesivo para a indústria de alimentos / Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing the UFV-AREG1 bacteriophagus for application as a curative adhesive for the food industry

Infecções cutâneas obtidas por cortes nas mãos de manipuladores podem gerar contaminação nos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi incorporar o bacteriófago UFV-AREG1 em hidrogel de álcool poli(vinílico) – PVA, aplicando-o futuramente como curativo adesivo. Foi adicionado 1,0 mL de solução do fago no PVA e seco em estufa por 48 h. Após, os hidrogeis foram submetidos a testes de Intumescimento, Espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR) e efeito antimicrobiano sobre E. coli O157:H7. O intumescimento do PVA-fago foi maior que o PVA-controle (p<0,05). A área de inibição do PVA-fago foi de 3,715 cm2 contra 2,916 cm2 do controle. As análises do FTIR mostraram um pico para o PVA-fago não encontrado no PVA-controle. Foi possível incorporar o bacteriófago em hidrogel de PVA e avaliar sua liberação para posterior aplicação como curativo adesivo.

Comparison of platelet rich plasma versus fibrin glue on colonic anastomoses in rats

Purpose: To compare platelet rich plasma (PRP) and fibrin glue about the effect of anastomotic healing. Methods: Thirty six Wistar-Albino male rats diveded into 3 groups according to control (Group1), PRP (Group 2) and fibrin glue (Tisseel VH) (Group 3). The colon was transected with scissor and subsequently an end to end anastomosis was performed using continuous one layer 6/0 vicryl sutures. Postoperative 7th day effect of anastomotic healing measuring with tissue hydroxyproline (TH) level and anastomotic bursting pressure (ABP); moreover comparison of cytokine (IL-6 and IL-10) and procalcitonin levels on 1st,3rd and 7th days. Results: There was no statistically significant difference of the ABP and hydroxyproline levels between PRP and fibrin glue on the 7th day. There was no statistically significant difference between levels of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6) (P=0.41), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) (P=0.35), and procalcitonin levels (P=0.63) on 1, 3 and 7 days. Conclusion: Fibrin glue and platelet rich plasma are shown to be effective in healing intestinal anastomoses without superior to each other. (AU)

Combination of heterologous fibrin sealant and bioengineered human embryonic stem cells to improve regeneration following autogenous sciatic nerve grafting repair

Background Peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical problem, and the preferred surgical method for treating it is the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. When it is not possible due to a large nerve gap, autologous nerve grafting is used. However, these surgical techniques result in nerve regeneration at highly variable degrees. It is thus very important to seek complementary techniques to improve motor and sensory recovery. One promising approach could be cell therapy. Transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is appealing because these cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into specialized cell types and have self-renewal ability. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find conditions under which functional recovery is improved after sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. We assumed that hESC, either alone or in combination with heterologous fibrin sealant scaffold, could be used to support regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury and repair via autografting with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Methods Five millimeters of the sciatic nerve of C57BL/6 J mice were transected off and rotated 180 degrees to simulate an injury, and then stumps were sutured. Next, we applied heterologous fibrin sealant and/or human embryonic stem cells genetically altered to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) at the site of the injury. The study was designed to include six experimental groups comprising neurorrhaphy (N), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant (N + F), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + doxycycline (N + F + D), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + wild-type hESC (N + F + W), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC off (N + F +T), and neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC on via doxycycline (N + F + D + T). We evaluated the recovery rate using Catwalk and von Frey functional recovery tests, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The experiments indicated...

Combination of heterologous fibrin sealant and bioengineered human embryonic stem cells to improve regeneration following autogenous sciatic nerve grafting repair

Background Peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical problem, and the preferred surgical method for treating it is the end-to-end neurorrhaphy. When it is not possible due to a large nerve gap, autologous nerve grafting is used. However, these surgical techniques result in nerve regeneration at highly variable degrees. It is thus very important to seek complementary techniques to improve motor and sensory recovery. One promising approach could be cell therapy. Transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is appealing because these cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into specialized cell types and have self-renewal ability. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to find conditions under which functional recovery is improved after sciatic nerve neurorrhaphy. We assumed that hESC, either alone or in combination with heterologous fibrin sealant scaffold, could be used to support regeneration in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury and repair via autografting with end-to-end neurorrhaphy. Methods Five millimeters of the sciatic nerve of C57BL/6 J mice were transected off and rotated 180 degrees to simulate an injury, and then stumps were sutured. Next, we applied heterologous fibrin sealant and/or human embryonic stem cells genetically altered to overexpress fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) at the site of the injury. The study was designed to include six experimental groups comprising neurorrhaphy (N), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant (N + F), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + doxycycline (N + F + D), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + wild-type hESC (N + F + W), neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC off (N + F +T), and neurorrhaphy + heterologous fibrin sealant + hESC on via doxycycline (N + F + D + T). We evaluated the recovery rate using Catwalk and von Frey functional recovery tests, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The experiments indicated...(AU)

Waste management in production and animal health services / Gestão de resíduos na produção e atenção à saúde animal

Waste disposal has become a worldwide problem in terms of environment damage and pollution. If they are disposed without any treatment, besides the impact and commitment of natural resources there are also great and serious consequences to human and animal health. The Brazilian legislation is generic and can be applied to waste generated in veterinary services, but due to the diversity of animal species and their distinct activities, it is not enough clear. The present paper discuss the main residues generated in animal production in general, with particular interest to animal health care waste and rationalize the information to be attended the current standards with appropriate practices of control, management and environmental adequate disposal of the waste generated in animal area. As results it were produced the Waste Management Plan for Animal Health Services, and stickers with the main residues generated in the activities of the animal area. It was also concluded that there are an urgent need for a specific legislation for the animal area, since there is a gap between theory and what is accomplished in current practice.

Os resíduos têm se tornado um problema mundial quanto ao prejuízo e poluição do meio ambiente, pois além do impacto e comprometimento dos recursos naturais, eles trazem grandes e graves consequências à saúde humana e dos animais. A legislação relativa ao descarte em vigor no Brasil é genérica e aplica-se também aos resíduos gerados em serviços veterinários, porém, devido à diversidade de espécies animais e atividades distintas, ela não é suficientemente clara. O presente trabalho discorre sobre os principais resíduos gerados na produção animal em geral e, em especial, sobre os resíduos de atendimento à saúde animal, organizando as informações para o cumprimento das atuais normas, com práticas adequadas de gestão, manejo e destinação ambientalmente adequada dos resíduos gerados na área animal. Como resultados foram produzidos o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde Animal (PGRSSA) e um adesivo com os principais resíduos gerados nas atividades da área animal. Concluiu-se também que, pela complexidade do tema, há a urgente necessidade de legislação específica para a área animal, dado o distanciamento entre a teoria e o que é realizado na prática.

Waste management in production and animal health services / Gestão de resíduos na produção e atenção à saúde animal

Waste disposal has become a worldwide problem in terms of environment damage and pollution. If they are disposed without any treatment, besides the impact and commitment of natural resources there are also great and serious consequences to human and animal health. The Brazilian legislation is generic and can be applied to waste generated in veterinary services, but due to the diversity of animal species and their distinct activities, it is not enough clear. The present paper discuss the main residues generated in animal production in general, with particular interest to animal health care waste and rationalize the information to be attended the current standards with appropriate practices of control, management and environmental adequate disposal of the waste generated in animal area. As results it were produced the Waste Management Plan for Animal Health Services, and stickers with the main residues generated in the activities of the animal area. It was also concluded that there are an urgent need for a specific legislation for the animal area, since there is a gap between theory and what is accomplished in current practice.(AU)

Os resíduos têm se tornado um problema mundial quanto ao prejuízo e poluição do meio ambiente, pois além do impacto e comprometimento dos recursos naturais, eles trazem grandes e graves consequências à saúde humana e dos animais. A legislação relativa ao descarte em vigor no Brasil é genérica e aplica-se também aos resíduos gerados em serviços veterinários, porém, devido à diversidade de espécies animais e atividades distintas, ela não é suficientemente clara. O presente trabalho discorre sobre os principais resíduos gerados na produção animal em geral e, em especial, sobre os resíduos de atendimento à saúde animal, organizando as informações para o cumprimento das atuais normas, com práticas adequadas de gestão, manejo e destinação ambientalmente adequada dos resíduos gerados na área animal. Como resultados foram produzidos o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde Animal (PGRSSA) e um adesivo com os principais resíduos gerados nas atividades da área animal. Concluiu-se também que, pela complexidade do tema, há a urgente necessidade de legislação específica para a área animal, dado o distanciamento entre a teoria e o que é realizado na prática.(AU)

Multiple uses of fibrin sealant for nervous system treatment following injury and disease

Lesions to the nervous system often produce hemorrhage and tissue loss that are difficult, if not impossible, to repair. Therefore, scar formation, inflammation and cavitation take place, expanding the lesion epicenter. This significantly worsens the patient conditions and impairment, increasing neuronal loss and glial reaction, which in turn further decreases the chances of a positive outcome. The possibility of using hemostatic substances that also function as a scaffold, such as the fibrin sealant, reduces surgical time and improve postoperative recovery. To date, several studies have demonstrated that human blood derived fibrin sealant produces positive effects in different interventions, becoming an efficient alternative to suturing. To provide an alternative to homologous fibrin sealants, the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP, Brazil) has proposed a new bioproduct composed of certified animal components, including a thrombin-like enzyme obtained from snake venom and bubaline fibrinogen. Thus, the present review brings up to date literature assessment on the use of fibrin sealant for nervous system repair and positions the new heterologous bioproduct from CEVAP as an alternative to the commercial counterparts. In this way, clinical and pre-clinical data are discussed in different topics, ranging from central nervous system to peripheral nervous system applications, specifying positive results as well as future enhancements that are necessary for improving the use of fibrin sealant therapy.(AU)