Anoftalmia bilateral em cão associada à malformação peniana congênita / Bilateral anophthalmia in dog associated with congenital penile malformation

Background: Anophthalmia refers to the complete absence of an eyeball. It is a very rare congenital condition that affects all breeds of dogs, which may be unilateral or bilateral. Anophthalmia results from a severe developmental deficiency in the primitive forebrain, prior to the formation of the optic sulcus. This condition has a complex etiology, and chromosomal, monogenic, and environmental causes have already been identified. There might be an association between anophthalmia and other congenital abnormalities. This case report aimed to report the case of a male dog with bilateral anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. Case: A 3-year-old male mongrel dog was evaluated in a clinical consultation at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) - Teresina - Brazil, with signs of anemia and diarrhea. His vaccinations were not up to date (multiple and anti-rabies), presented ectoparasites (ticks), and showed inappetence. The owner reported that the animal was blind from birth, was already well adapted to its environment, had the company of other animals, and had no access to the street. On clinical examination, the animal had a good body score. The eyelids were bilaterally present with normally developed eyelashes. Both the head and face had a symmetrical appearance, without structural abnormalities, and the palpebral fissures were narrow. When opening the eyelids manually, the presence of the conjunctiva was observed bilaterally, the orbits were shallow, and neither orbit contained the eyeball. Further inspection with an ophthalmic clinical flashlight did not reveal any other ocular structures. The initial diagnosis was suggestive of bilateral anophthalmia. Ultrasound examination of the ocular region confirmed the presence of bilateral anophthalmia. A general physical examination revealed a malformed penis with a persistent penile frenulum. Regarding systemic clinical signs (apathy, inappetence, diarrhea, and anemia), clinical and laboratory examinations led to the suspicion of verminosis. Discussion: The dog in this report had a good body score; however, this type of malformation can generate non-viable puppies. Anophthalmia is an extremely rare congenital ocular malformation, both in humans and companion animals, in which there are no ocular structures in the orbits, and these structures (orbits) in affected individuals are generally small and shallow, as seen in the dog in this report. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the bilateral anophthalmic condition, being the most accurate method of diagnosing this congenital condition. The animal in this report presented with anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. This type of association until this case report has only been described in humans and mice, and is probably caused by a mutation in the SOX2 gene, which is responsible for the protein of the same name, which makes the maturation of ocular tissues in the primitive forebrain. Thus, it is likely that such congenital alterations are the cause of the malformations observed in this animal. Maternal vitamin A deficiency, a factor known to cause ocular malformations, may also be involved in the etiology of congenital diseases. Nutritional imbalances in dogs are common in the animal's region of origin The dog in this report had a normal life. Although it is a condition that causes blindness, dogs can have a normal life and welfare, even with bilateral anophthalmia.

Hipoplasia renal bilateral em felino / Bilateral renal hypoplasia in feline

A hipoplasia renal ocorre quando há o desenvolvimento incompleto do rim, resultando em um menor número de néfrons, lóbulos e cálices ao nascimento do animal. A gravidade dessa anomalia depende do nível de acometimento. Quando unilateral, ocorre a hipertrofia compensatória do rim saudável e, em casos bilaterais, é frequente a ocorrência de insuficiência renal e infecções. Foi retratada como uma afecção hereditária em algumas raças puras ou mestiças de suínos, potros, caprinos, bovinos e cães, contudo, é incomum em felinos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma felina, sem raça definida, de dois meses de idade, com queixa de apatia, anorexia e êmes por três dias. No exame físico, foi observada desidratação estimada em 10%, tempo de preenchimento capilar de três segundos, hipotermia, hipoglicemia e letargia. Frente a essas alterações, foram solicitados exames complementares para melhor elucidação do quadro. Os exames bioquímicos revelaram azotemia e hiperfosfatemia grave, bem como hipercalcemia e hipercalemia leve. Já a urinálise, indicou redução da densidade urinária associada à presença de cilindros hialinos e céreos. A ultrassonografia abdominal evidenciou perda de diferenciação córtico-medular e diminuição de ambos os rins, alterações essas compatíveis com nefropatia. Instituiu-se tratamento paliativo visando minimizar complicações secundárias da injúria renal aguda, contudo, a paciente veio a óbito. Na necropsia, os rins apresentavam tamanho reduzido bilateralmente e o exame histopatológico revelou a presença de moderados glomérulos primitivos multifocais associados à distensão do espaço glomerular. A avaliação clínica e as lesões histopatológicas foram consistentes com o diagnóstico de hipoplasia renal congênita.

Renal hypoplasia occurs when there is incomplete development of the kidney, resulting in fewer nephrons, lobes and calyces at birth. The severity of this anomaly depends on the level of involvement. When unilateral, compensatory hypertrophy of the healthy kidney occurs and, in bilateral cases, renal failure and infections are frequent. It has been portrayed as an inherited condition in some pure or mixed breeds of pigs, foals, goats, cattle and dogs, however, it is uncommon in felines. This paper aims to report the case of a feline, mixed breed, two months old, with complaints of apathy, anorexia and emesis for three days. Physical examination showed an estimated dehydration of 10%, capillary refilling time of three seconds, hypothermia, hypoglycemia and lethargy. In view of these changes, complementary exams were requested to better clarify the condition. Biochemical examinations revealed severe azotemia and hyperphosphatemia, as well as hypercalcemia and mild hyperkalemia. Urinalysis, on the other hand, indicated a reduction in urinary density associated with the presence of hyaline and brain cylinders. Abdominal ultrasound showed a loss of corticomedullary differentiation and a decrease in both kidneys, changes compatible with nephropathy. Palliative treatment was instituted in order to minimize secondary complications of acute kidney injury, however, the patient died. At necropsy, the kidneys were bilaterally reduced in size and histopathological examination revealed the presence of moderate multifocal primitive glomeruli associated with distention of the glomerular space. Clinical evaluation and histopathological lesions were consistent with the diagnosis of congenital renal hypoplasia.

Surgical correction of bilateral ectopic ureter using the neoureterocystostomy technique / Correção cirúrgica de ureter ectópico bilateral utilizando a técnica de neoureterocistostomia

Ureteral ectopy is a rare disorder in the small animals' clinic. It is characterized as a congenital anomaly, resulting from the ducts differentiation failure during embryogenesis. In this scenario, the ureters present themselves outside the anatomical site, being inserted into the uterus, urethra, urinary vesicle neck, or vagina. The clinical signs are urinary incontinence and perivulvar dermatitis. Surgery is the accepted treatment to correct the anomaly. The surgical procedure is based on relocating the ectopic ureter and treating associated modifications. This report describes a case of intramural bilateral ureteral ectopy, corrected surgically through the neoureterocystostomy technique, making it possible to control the animal's urinary incontinence.(AU)

A ectopia ureteral é uma afecção de incidência rara na clínica de pequenos animais, sendo caracterizada como anomalia congênita resultante de falha na diferenciação dos ductos durante a embriogênese. Neste cenário, os ureteres se apresentam fora do seu local anatômico, sendo inseridos no útero, no colo da vesícula urinária, na uretra ou na vagina. Os sinais clínicos comumente apresentados são a incontinência urinária bem como a dermatite perivulvar. O tratamento de eleição para correção da anomalia é o procedimento cirúrgico, no qual a técnica de escolha é baseada na relocação do ureter ectópico e tratamento das alterações associadas. Neste contexto, o presente relato descreve um caso de ectopia ureteral bilateral intramural, corrigido cirurgicamente por meio da técnica neoureterocistostomia, o que possibilitou controle da incontinência urinária do paciente.(AU)

Surgical correction of bilateral ectopic ureter using the neoureterocystostomy technique / Correção cirúrgica de ureter ectópico bilateral utilizando a técnica de neoureterocistostomia

Ureteral ectopy is a rare disorder in the small animals' clinic. It is characterized as a congenital anomaly, resulting from the ducts differentiation failure during embryogenesis. In this scenario, the ureters present themselves outside the anatomical site, being inserted into the uterus, urethra, urinary vesicle neck, or vagina. The clinical signs are urinary incontinence and perivulvar dermatitis. Surgery is the accepted treatment to correct the anomaly. The surgical procedure is based on relocating the ectopic ureter and treating associated modifications. This report describes a case of intramural bilateral ureteral ectopy, corrected surgically through the neoureterocystostomy technique, making it possible to control the animal's urinary incontinence.(AU)

A ectopia ureteral é uma afecção de incidência rara na clínica de pequenos animais, sendo caracterizada como anomalia congênita resultante de falha na diferenciação dos ductos durante a embriogênese. Neste cenário, os ureteres se apresentam fora do seu local anatômico, sendo inseridos no útero, no colo da vesícula urinária, na uretra ou na vagina. Os sinais clínicos comumente apresentados são a incontinência urinária bem como a dermatite perivulvar. O tratamento de eleição para correção da anomalia é o procedimento cirúrgico, no qual a técnica de escolha é baseada na relocação do ureter ectópico e tratamento das alterações associadas. Neste contexto, o presente relato descreve um caso de ectopia ureteral bilateral intramural, corrigido cirurgicamente por meio da técnica neoureterocistostomia, o que possibilitou controle da incontinência urinária do paciente.(AU)

Aplasia uterina total em cadela com atrofia segmentar de vagina / Total uterine aplasia in bitch with segmental atrophy of vagina

Background: Congenital uterine malformations are rarely identified in domestic and human animals and are related to problems during the embryonic formation of the paramesonephric ducts. Cases of agenesis and segmental aplasia or unicorn uterus have been described in bitches, but there are no reports of total uterine aplasia in this specie. The report of a case of total uterine aplasia and segmental atrophy of the cranial vagina, accidentally diagnosed is reported herein.Case: An adult female bitch without defined breed in bad general condition was attended in the emergency service in a Veterinary Hospital. During anamnesis the information was restricted because it was an errant animal rescued for the consultation, but accompanied for at least 12 months in the environment in which it lived. Data related to the estrous cycle were unknown, but no gestation was observed in the last year. Investigations detected anemia and intense thrombocytopenia, azotemia and increased alanine aminotransferase. Two days later, with no progression, images suggestive of hemometra/ mucometra were observed during abdominal ultrasonography, and the patient underwent emergency ovariohysterectomy despite the general poor condition. Before the procedure the uterus was not routinely identified, but a fibromuscular, nontubular and thin structure occupied the region corresponding to the horns and uterine body, thickening in the cervix region. Death four days after surgery and sent to necropsy. During necropsy it was observed that the vulva and the vestibule of the vagina did not present macroscopic alterations, however there was a marked digitiform narrowing of the cranial region of the vagina, which ended in blind bottom. The mucosa in this narrowing was smooth, without folds. The microscopic structure of the ovaries, uterine tubes and caudal vagina were preserved.[...]

Aplasia uterina total em cadela com atrofia segmentar de vagina / Total uterine aplasia in bitch with segmental atrophy of vagina

Background: Congenital uterine malformations are rarely identified in domestic and human animals and are related to problems during the embryonic formation of the paramesonephric ducts. Cases of agenesis and segmental aplasia or unicorn uterus have been described in bitches, but there are no reports of total uterine aplasia in this specie. The report of a case of total uterine aplasia and segmental atrophy of the cranial vagina, accidentally diagnosed is reported herein.Case: An adult female bitch without defined breed in bad general condition was attended in the emergency service in a Veterinary Hospital. During anamnesis the information was restricted because it was an errant animal rescued for the consultation, but accompanied for at least 12 months in the environment in which it lived. Data related to the estrous cycle were unknown, but no gestation was observed in the last year. Investigations detected anemia and intense thrombocytopenia, azotemia and increased alanine aminotransferase. Two days later, with no progression, images suggestive of hemometra/ mucometra were observed during abdominal ultrasonography, and the patient underwent emergency ovariohysterectomy despite the general poor condition. Before the procedure the uterus was not routinely identified, but a fibromuscular, nontubular and thin structure occupied the region corresponding to the horns and uterine body, thickening in the cervix region. Death four days after surgery and sent to necropsy. During necropsy it was observed that the vulva and the vestibule of the vagina did not present macroscopic alterations, however there was a marked digitiform narrowing of the cranial region of the vagina, which ended in blind bottom. The mucosa in this narrowing was smooth, without folds. The microscopic structure of the ovaries, uterine tubes and caudal vagina were preserved.[...](AU)

A new species of phlebotomine sandfly, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil / Uma nova espécie de flebotomíneo, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei (Diptera: Psychodidae) de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei Oliveira, Alencar and Freitas sp. n. from Adolpho Ducke Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, is described and illustrated based on three male specimens, the holotype and two paratypes. The paratypes have abnormalities in the external genitalia, one with asymmetric bilateral anomaly (different anomalies in each of certain paired structures) and the other with unilateral anomaly (anomaly in one of the paired structures). The new species probably belongs to the Serrana Series, integrating the list of the species whose males possess gonostylus with two stout spines (one apical and other subapical), as well as a small and very thin spine on the inner surface of the basal half.

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei Oliveira, Alencar e Freitas sp. n. da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Estado do Amazona, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada com base em três espécimes machos, o holótipo e dois parátipos. Os parátipos possuem anomalias na genitália externa, sendo um com anomalia bilateral assimétrica (anomalias diferentes em cada uma das estruturas pareadas) e outro com anomalia unilateral (anomalia em uma das estruturas pareadas). A nova espécie provavelmente pertence à Série Serrana, integrando a lista das espécies, cujos machos possuem gonóstilo com dois espinhos robustos (um apical e outro subapical), bem como um espinho delgado e muito curto na superfície interna da metade basal.

A new species of phlebotomine sandfly, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil / Uma nova espécie de flebotomíneo, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei (Diptera: Psychodidae) de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei Oliveira, Alencar and Freitas sp. n. from Adolpho Ducke Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, is described and illustrated based on three male specimens, the holotype and two paratypes. The paratypes have abnormalities in the external genitalia, one with asymmetric bilateral anomaly (different anomalies in each of certain paired structures) and the other with unilateral anomaly (anomaly in one of the paired structures). The new species probably belongs to the Serrana Series, integrating the list of the species whose males possess gonostylus with two stout spines (one apical and other subapical), as well as a small and very thin spine on the inner surface of the basal half.(AU)

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) duckei Oliveira, Alencar e Freitas sp. n. da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Estado do Amazona, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada com base em três espécimes machos, o holótipo e dois parátipos. Os parátipos possuem anomalias na genitália externa, sendo um com anomalia bilateral assimétrica (anomalias diferentes em cada uma das estruturas pareadas) e outro com anomalia unilateral (anomalia em uma das estruturas pareadas). A nova espécie provavelmente pertence à Série Serrana, integrando a lista das espécies, cujos machos possuem gonóstilo com dois espinhos robustos (um apical e outro subapical), bem como um espinho delgado e muito curto na superfície interna da metade basal.(AU)

Remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst in female dog (Canis familiaris) first case report in Brazil / Cisto de ducto mesonéfrico uterino remanescente em cadela (Canis familiaris) - primeiro relato de caso no Brasil / Quiste remaneciente del ducto mesonéfrico uterino en perra (Canis familiaris) primero relato del caso en Brasil

The aim of work was to describe a remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst in female Pinscher dog, with 8 years old. The main complaint of the owner was no heat at least 18 months. Clinical examination revealed presence of cysts in all teats, confirmed by cytopathologic exam. Haemogram, serum biochemical exams, urinalysis, radiographs of the thorax and abdominal ultrasound were performed and no changes were observed. During the ovaryhysterectomy was observed endometrial hyperplasia and the histopathologic diagnosis was remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst associated with discrete endometrial hyperplasia. Was concluded that adequate histopathologycal identification of the uterine mesonephric duct cyst is crucial so do not mistake with neoplasia.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever um caso de cisto de ducto mesonéfrico remanescente uterino em cadela da raça Pinscher, 8 anos de idade. A principal queixa do proprietário foi ausência de cio com duração de 18 meses. No exame físico evidenciou-se presença de cistos em todos os tetos, confirmado pelo exame citopatológico. Foi realizado hemograma, exames de bioquímica sérica, urinálise, exame radiográfico do tórax e ultrassom abdominal, e não foram observadas alterações. Durante o procedimento de ovário-histerectomia, foi observada hiperplasia endometrial e o diagnóstico histopatológico foi de cisto de ducto mesonéfrico remanescente uterino associado à hiperplasia endometrial discreta. Concluiu-se que a identificação histopatológica adequada do cisto de ducto mesonéfrico uterino é crucial para que o mesmo não seja confundido com neoplasia.(AU)

El objetivo del trábalo fue describir un caso de quiste remaneciente del ducto mesonéfrico uterino en perra da raza Pinscher, 8 años de edad. La principal queja del propietario fue ausencia del cio con duración de 18 meses. El examen físico reveló una presencia de quistes en los techos, confirmado por examen citopatológico. Se realizaron hemograma, pruebas bioquímicas sérica, análisis de orina, radiografías de tórax y ecografía abdominal, y no se observaron cambios. Durante ovario histerectomía se observó hiperplasia endometrial y el diagnóstico histopatológico se fue quiste remaneciente del ducto mesonéfrico uterina asociado a la hiperplasia endometrial discreta. Se concluyó que la identificación histopatológico adecuada del ducto mesonéfrico uterina es crucial para que no se confunda con neoplasia.(AU)

Remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst in female dog (Canis familiaris) – first case report in Brazil / Cisto de ducto mesonéfrico uterino remanescente em cadela (Canis familiaris) - primeiro relato de caso no Brasil / Quiste remaneciente del ducto mesonéfrico uterino en perra (Canis familiaris) – primero relato del caso en Brasil

The aim of work was to describe a remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst in female Pinscher dog, with 8 years old. The main complaint of the owner was no heat at least 18 months. Clinical examination revealed presence of cysts in all teats, confirmed by cytopathologic exam. Haemogram, serum biochemical exams, urinalysis, radiographs of the thorax and abdominal ultrasound were performed and no changes were observed. During the ovaryhysterectomy was observed endometrial hyperplasia and the histopathologic diagnosis was remaining uterine mesonephric duct cyst associated with discrete endometrial hyperplasia. Was concluded that adequate histopathologycal identification of the uterine mesonephric duct cyst is crucial so do not mistake with neoplasia.

O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever um caso de cisto de ducto mesonéfrico remanescente uterino em cadela da raça Pinscher, 8 anos de idade. A principal queixa do proprietário foi ausência de cio com duração de 18 meses. No exame físico evidenciou-se presença de cistos em todos os tetos, confirmado pelo exame citopatológico. Foi realizado hemograma, exames de bioquímica sérica, urinálise, exame radiográfico do tórax e ultrassom abdominal, e não foram observadas alterações. Durante o procedimento de ovário-histerectomia, foi observada hiperplasia endometrial e o diagnóstico histopatológico foi de cisto de ducto mesonéfrico remanescente uterino associado à hiperplasia endometrial discreta. Concluiu-se que a identificação histopatológica adequada do cisto de ducto mesonéfrico uterino é crucial para que o mesmo não seja confundido com neoplasia.

El objetivo del trábalo fue describir un caso de quiste remaneciente del ducto mesonéfrico uterino en perra da raza Pinscher, 8 años de edad. La principal queja del propietario fue ausencia del cio con duración de 18 meses. El examen físico reveló una presencia de quistes en los techos, confirmado por examen citopatológico. Se realizaron hemograma, pruebas bioquímicas sérica, análisis de orina, radiografías de tórax y ecografía abdominal, y no se observaron cambios. Durante ovario histerectomía se observó hiperplasia endometrial y el diagnóstico histopatológico se fue quiste remaneciente del ducto mesonéfrico uterina asociado a la hiperplasia endometrial discreta. Se concluyó que la identificación histopatológico adecuada del ducto mesonéfrico uterina es crucial para que no se confunda con neoplasia.

Congenital multiple arthrogryposis in bovine / Artrogripose congênita múltipla em bovino

This report describes an anal atresia, anatomical urethra alteration (slightly caudal to the udder), thickened joints, and changes in the pelvis in a newborn Holstein cow. Visualization of the final portion of the rectum was not possible by perineal access and laparotomy through the right flank was performed in order for abdominal exploration and colostomy attempt. During the surgical procedure visceral rupture and malformations incompatible with life were observed, so surgeons opted for euthanasia and necropsy. Alterations were confirmed in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract. The non-formation of the anus caused dilation of the distal portion of the rectum with fecal content retention, which was drained to the body of the uterus, with the presence of meconium. This amount of anatomical and clinical changes were diagnosed as congenital multiple arthrogryposis.(AU)

Este relato de caso descreve atresia anal, alteração anatômica da uretra (inserida caudalmente ao úbere), articulações espessadas e alterações na pelve em um neonato bovino da raça Holandesa. A visualização da porção final do reto não foi possível pelo acesso perineal, e laparotomia através do flanco direito foi feita para exploração abdominal e realização da colostomia. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, foram observadas ruptura visceral e malformações incompatíveis com a vida, então os cirurgiões optaram pela eutanásia e necropsia. Alterações foram confirmadas nos tratos geniturinário e gastrointestinal. A não formação do ânus causou dilatação da porção distal do reto com retenção fecal, desviando ao corpo do útero, o qual possibilitou a entrada de mecônio nesse compartimento, além de outras alterações devido à ingestão e alteração no trânsito gastrointestinal. Essa quantidade de alterações anatômicas e clínicas foi diagnosticada como artrogripose congênita múltipla.(AU)

Congenital multiple arthrogryposis in bovine / Artrogripose congênita múltipla em bovino

This report describes an anal atresia, anatomical urethra alteration (slightly caudal to the udder), thickened joints, and changes in the pelvis in a newborn Holstein cow. Visualization of the final portion of the rectum was not possible by perineal access and laparotomy through the right flank was performed in order for abdominal exploration and colostomy attempt. During the surgical procedure visceral rupture and malformations incompatible with life were observed, so surgeons opted for euthanasia and necropsy. Alterations were confirmed in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract. The non-formation of the anus caused dilation of the distal portion of the rectum with fecal content retention, which was drained to the body of the uterus, with the presence of meconium. This amount of anatomical and clinical changes were diagnosed as congenital multiple arthrogryposis.(AU)

Este relato de caso descreve atresia anal, alteração anatômica da uretra (inserida caudalmente ao úbere), articulações espessadas e alterações na pelve em um neonato bovino da raça Holandesa. A visualização da porção final do reto não foi possível pelo acesso perineal, e laparotomia através do flanco direito foi feita para exploração abdominal e realização da colostomia. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, foram observadas ruptura visceral e malformações incompatíveis com a vida, então os cirurgiões optaram pela eutanásia e necropsia. Alterações foram confirmadas nos tratos geniturinário e gastrointestinal. A não formação do ânus causou dilatação da porção distal do reto com retenção fecal, desviando ao corpo do útero, o qual possibilitou a entrada de mecônio nesse compartimento, além de outras alterações devido à ingestão e alteração no trânsito gastrointestinal. Essa quantidade de alterações anatômicas e clínicas foi diagnosticada como artrogripose congênita múltipla.(AU)

Canine perineal hypospadias / Hipospadia perineal canina

Background: Hypospadias is a congenital malformation, rarely reported in dogs, caused by a failure of the urogenital folds to fuse during fetal development resulting in incomplete formation of the penile urethra. The inadequate production of fetal androgens is believed to be the etiology of this condition. It is characterized by urethra and corpus spongiosum deficiency, often accompanied by penile underdevelopment, and cryptorchidism. Classification is based on anatomical location of the urethral meatus opening as glandular, penile, perineal, anal, and scrotal. The aim of this paper is to report a case of perineal hypospadias in a male, six-month old French bulldog, describing the therapeutic approach. Case: A six month old male French bulldog, weighing 14.3 kg, was presented for a veterinarian appointment at the Department of Veterinary Medicine (Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil) due to a prolapsed nictitans gland and abnormalities of its genitalia. The medical records included recurrent urinary infection, presence of ectoparasites (thick) and ehrlichiosis, previously treated with doxycycline for 28 days (5 mg/kg/BID). During physical examination, the patient was bright and alert showing a good overall body condition. Temperature, pulse, respiration, thoracic auscultation and lymph nodes were within normal limits. Abdominal palpation was unremarkable. Inspection of the [...]

Canine perineal hypospadias / Hipospadia perineal canina

Background: Hypospadias is a congenital malformation, rarely reported in dogs, caused by a failure of the urogenital folds to fuse during fetal development resulting in incomplete formation of the penile urethra. The inadequate production of fetal androgens is believed to be the etiology of this condition. It is characterized by urethra and corpus spongiosum deficiency, often accompanied by penile underdevelopment, and cryptorchidism. Classification is based on anatomical location of the urethral meatus opening as glandular, penile, perineal, anal, and scrotal. The aim of this paper is to report a case of perineal hypospadias in a male, six-month old French bulldog, describing the therapeutic approach. Case: A six month old male French bulldog, weighing 14.3 kg, was presented for a veterinarian appointment at the Department of Veterinary Medicine (Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil) due to a prolapsed nictitans gland and abnormalities of its genitalia. The medical records included recurrent urinary infection, presence of ectoparasites (thick) and ehrlichiosis, previously treated with doxycycline for 28 days (5 mg/kg/BID). During physical examination, the patient was bright and alert showing a good overall body condition. Temperature, pulse, respiration, thoracic auscultation and lymph nodes were within normal limits. Abdominal palpation was unremarkable. Inspection of the [...](AU)

Agenesia renal unilateral e criptorquidismo ipsilateral em um felino: relato de caso / Unilateral renal agenesis and ipsilateral cryptorchidism in a cat: case report

A agenesia renal é uma afecção congênita rara na espécie felina, frequentemente associada a uma malformação reprodutiva. O presente trabalho relata o caso de um felino com agenesia renal unilateral associada a criptorquidismo ipsilateral, com ênfase no diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento. O paciente foi conduzido ao Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul para avaliação de criptorquidismo. A agenesia renal foi um achado durante a ecografia abdominal do felino. Durante a laparotomia, foi confirmada a ausência do rim e ureter direito, hipertrofia do rim esquerdo e presença de um testículo ectópico. O paciente teve alta após a recuperação anestésica e se mantém clinicamente estável, transcorridos seis meses da cirurgia. A agenesia renal unilateral é uma condição compatível com a vida, contanto que o rim existente apresente funcionamento aceitável. Assim, sugere-se que a possibilidade de rim único em felinos criptorquidas deve ser investigada sempre que possível, tendo em vista a alta correlação entre essas malformações, e objetivando um acompanhamento da função renal do paciente ao longo da vida.(AU)

Renal agenesis is a rare disorder in feline species, commonly associated with reproductive malformation. This study aims to report the case of a cat with unilateral renal agenesis combined with ipsilateral cryptorchidism, emphasizing the diagnosis, treatment and patient follow up. The patient was taken to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul to evaluate the cryptorchidism. The renal agenesis was an incidental finding during the abdominal ultrasound. At laparotomy, the absence of the right kidney and ureter was confirmed, hypertrophy of the left kidney and the presence of an ectopic testicle were found. The patient was discharged after recovering from anesthesia and remains clinically stable six months after surgery. The unilateral renal agenesis is a life compatible condition as long as the existing kidney has an acceptable performance. Therefore, it is suggested that the chance of a single kidney in cats whit cryptorchidism should be investigated, given the correlation between these malformations, and aiming to monitor renal function throughout the life of the patient.(AU)

Vagina imperfurada em colônia de camundongos isogênicos BALB/c / / Imperforate vagina in a colony of inbred mice BALB/c

Objetivo: Relatar a presença da anomalia imperfuração de vagina observada em colônia de camundongos isogênicos BALB/c. Material e métodos: No período de janeiro a dezembro de 2005, no setor de camundongos isogênicos do Biotério Central do Instituto Butantan, durante as avaliações pós acasalamento, em fêmeas com idade variando de 28 a 180 dias, observou-se em algumas uma acentuada distensão bilobada do períneo, com aspecto de bolsa escrotal. Foi verificado também, um aumento do volume abdominal que variava de acordo com a idade das fêmeas, sendo mais acentuado nas mais velhas. Após eutanásia, com cloridrato de cetamina (300 mg/kg) e cloridrato de xilazina (30 mg/ kg), as fêmeas foram necropsiadas. Constatou-se que a vagina e o útero apresentavam- -se distendidos pela presença de material mucóide em seu interior, cuja cor variava de opaca clara (entre as fêmeas jovens) a marrom-avermelhada escura (nas mais idosas). Foram coletados os órgãos genito-urinários para exames histológicos, sendo as lâminas coradas por hematoxilina-eosina examinadas em um analisador de imagem digitalizada. O conteúdo do útero e da vagina foram aspirados assepticamente e semeados em placas de triptose-soja e ágar sangue, incubados por 48 horas a 37ºC. Resultados: As alterações patológicas, observadas em 1,63% das fêmeas avaliadas, foram conseqüentes a um acúmulo de exsudato no lúmen da vagina e do útero não suficientemente absorvido e impossibilitado de ser expelido pela ausência da perfuração vaginal. A uretra e o meato urinário permitiam o esvaziamento da bexiga urinária. O conteúdo do lúmen consistiu de muco, células cornificadas descamadas e neutrófilos, presentes em graus variados dependendo do estágio do ciclo estral na época da necropsia. Os úteros apresentavam- -se distendidos em diferentes graus, resultando em uma parede estreitada delineada por epitélio colunar pseudoestratificado. Os exames bacteriológicos do conteúdo de útero e vagina foram negativos. Conclusão: Os resultados, associados aos casos descritos na literatura, sugerem que a imperfuração da vagina tem origem genética e, provavelmente, está presente desde o nascimento. (CEUA Nº 1017/2003).

Objective: To report the presence of imperforate vagina anomaly in a colony of inbred mice BALB/c. Material and Methods: From January to December 2005, in the sector of inbred mice at the Biotério Central do Instituto Butantan, during evaluations after mating, in females with ages ranging from 28 to 180 days. It was observed in some females a sharp distension bilobed perineum, with the appearance of the scrotum. We also noticed an increase in abdominal volume that varied according to the age of the females, being more pronounced between the older ones. After euthanasia, with ketamine hydrochloride (300 mg/kg) and xylazine (30 mg/kg), the animals were necropsied. It was found that the vagina and uterus presented with distended by the presence of mucoid material in its interior, whose color varied from dull light (among young females) to dark reddish-brown (the older). We collected the genitourinary organs for histological examination, where the slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin were examined and scanned by an image analyzer. The content of the uterus and vagina were aseptically aspirated and plated on tryptose- -plates and soy blood agar, incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Results: The pathological changes observed in 1.63% of females assessed were caused by a buildup of exudate in the lumem of the vagina and uterus that wasn't sufficiently absorved and unable to be expelled by the absence of vaginal perforation. The urethra and the urinary meatus allowed the emptying of the bladder. The contents of the lumen consisted of mucus, desmaquemated cornified cells and neutrophils present in varying degrees depending on the stage of estrous cycle at time of necropsy. The uterus had streched themselves to varying degrees, resulting in a narrowed wall outlined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The bacteriological examinations of the contents of the uterus and vagina were negative. Conclusion: The results, associated with the cases described in the literature suggest that imperforate vagina is genetic and probably is present from birth (CEUA Nº 1017/2003)(au)

Vagina imperfurada em colônia de camundongos isogênicos BALB/c / / Imperforate vagina in a colony of inbred mice BALB/c

Objetivo: Relatar a presença da anomalia imperfuração de vagina observada em colônia de camundongos isogênicos BALB/c. Material e métodos: No período de janeiro a dezembro de 2005, no setor de camundongos isogênicos do Biotério Central do Instituto Butantan, durante as avaliações pós acasalamento, em fêmeas com idade variando de 28 a 180 dias, observou-se em algumas uma acentuada distensão bilobada do períneo, com aspecto de bolsa escrotal. Foi verificado também, um aumento do volume abdominal que variava de acordo com a idade das fêmeas, sendo mais acentuado nas mais velhas. Após eutanásia, com cloridrato de cetamina (300 mg/kg) e cloridrato de xilazina (30 mg/ kg), as fêmeas foram necropsiadas. Constatou-se que a vagina e o útero apresentavam- -se distendidos pela presença de material mucóide em seu interior, cuja cor variava de opaca clara (entre as fêmeas jovens) a marrom-avermelhada escura (nas mais idosas). Foram coletados os órgãos genito-urinários para exames histológicos, sendo as lâminas coradas por hematoxilina-eosina examinadas em um analisador de imagem digitalizada. O conteúdo do útero e da vagina foram aspirados assepticamente e semeados em placas de triptose-soja e ágar sangue, incubados por 48 horas a 37ºC. Resultados: As alterações patológicas, observadas em 1,63% das fêmeas avaliadas, foram conseqüentes a um acúmulo de exsudato no lúmen da vagina e do útero não suficientemente absorvido e impossibilitado de ser expelido pela ausência da perfuração vaginal. A uretra e o meato urinário permitiam o esvaziamento da bexiga urinária. O conteúdo do lúmen consistiu de muco, células cornificadas descamadas e neutrófilos, presentes em graus variados dependendo do estágio do ciclo estral na época da necropsia. Os úteros apresentavam- -se distendidos em diferentes graus, resultando em uma parede estreitada delineada por epitélio colunar pseudoestratificado. Os exames bacteriológicos do conteúdo de útero e vagina foram negativos. Conclusão: Os resultados, associados aos casos descritos na literatura, sugerem que a imperfuração da vagina tem origem genética e, provavelmente, está presente desde o nascimento. (CEUA Nº 1017/2003).(AU)

Objective: To report the presence of imperforate vagina anomaly in a colony of inbred mice BALB/c. Material and Methods: From January to December 2005, in the sector of inbred mice at the Biotério Central do Instituto Butantan, during evaluations after mating, in females with ages ranging from 28 to 180 days. It was observed in some females a sharp distension bilobed perineum, with the appearance of the scrotum. We also noticed an increase in abdominal volume that varied according to the age of the females, being more pronounced between the older ones. After euthanasia, with ketamine hydrochloride (300 mg/kg) and xylazine (30 mg/kg), the animals were necropsied. It was found that the vagina and uterus presented with distended by the presence of mucoid material in its interior, whose color varied from dull light (among young females) to dark reddish-brown (the older). We collected the genitourinary organs for histological examination, where the slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin were examined and scanned by an image analyzer. The content of the uterus and vagina were aseptically aspirated and plated on tryptose- -plates and soy blood agar, incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Results: The pathological changes observed in 1.63% of females assessed were caused by a buildup of exudate in the lumem of the vagina and uterus that wasn't sufficiently absorved and unable to be expelled by the absence of vaginal perforation. The urethra and the urinary meatus allowed the emptying of the bladder. The contents of the lumen consisted of mucus, desmaquemated cornified cells and neutrophils present in varying degrees depending on the stage of estrous cycle at time of necropsy. The uterus had streched themselves to varying degrees, resulting in a narrowed wall outlined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The bacteriological examinations of the contents of the uterus and vagina were negative. Conclusion: The results, associated with the cases described in the literature suggest that imperforate vagina is genetic and probably is present from birth (CEUA Nº 1017/2003)(au) EN

Aplasia segmentar uterina em ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva em cadela – relato de caso / Segmental uterine aplasia in elective ovariohysterectomy in a bitch – case report / Aplasia segmentaria uterina en ovariohisterectomía electiva en perra – relato de caso

As anomalias congênitas no trato reprodutor de caninos e felinos ocorrem raramente, sendo a agenesia unilateral do corno uterino (útero unicórnio) a anomalia de maior frequência. Devido a sua raridade e poucos relatos na literatura, o objetivo deste relato foi descrever o achado de aplasia segmentar uterina em cadela, submetida a procedimento de ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Foi realizada celiotomia retroumbilical, e, após a tentativa de tração do corno uterino direito observou-se ausência da porção distal do mesmo, com tamanho de 12 mm e o ovário próximo ao segmento reduzido. As más-formações encontradas em procedimentos cirúrgicos implicam em dificuldades para a equipe, resultando em maior tempo operatório, uma vez que outros órgãos e sistemas podem apresentar anomalias similares e devem ser inspecionados.

Congenital anomalies of the reproductive system of cats and dogs are rare. Among these, the unilateral agenesis of the uterine horn (unicornuate uterus) is the most frequent anomaly. Due to its rarity and few reports in literature, the aim of this work is to report the finding of uterine segment aplasia in a bitch during elective ovariohysterectomy. Traction of the right uterine horn was attempted after a retroumbilical celiotomy, disclosing a malformation characterized by shortening of the uterine horn, which measured 12 mm with the ovary close to the reduced segment. Malformations encountered during surgical procedures result in difficulties for the surgical team and prolonged surgical time, since other organs and systems can also present anomalies and require therefore careful inspection.

Las anomalías congénitas del sistema reproductor de los caninos y felinos suelen ser raras, siendo la agenesia unilateral del cuerno uterino la enfermidad más frecuente. Debido a su baja frecuencia y los pocos relatos que existen en la literatura, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir una aplasia segmentaria de útero e nuna perra en la que se realizó una ovariohisterectomía electiva. Fue realizada una laparotomía retroumbilical en la que, al intentar exponer el cuerno uterino derecho, se pudo observar la ausencia de la porción distal del mismo; su tamaño era de 12 mm y el ovario se encontraba cercano al segmento reducido. Las malformaciones encontradas durante las cirugías redundan en dificultades para el equipo quirúrgico, lo que lleva a un aumento del tiempo operatorio, ya que otros órganos y sistemas pueden presentar anomalías similares, y deben ser inspeccionados.

Aplasia segmentar uterina em ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva em cadela relato de caso / Segmental uterine aplasia in elective ovariohysterectomy in a bitch case report / Aplasia segmentaria uterina en ovariohisterectomía electiva en perra relato de caso

As anomalias congênitas no trato reprodutor de caninos e felinos ocorrem raramente, sendo a agenesia unilateral do corno uterino (útero unicórnio) a anomalia de maior frequência. Devido a sua raridade e poucos relatos na literatura, o objetivo deste relato foi descrever o achado de aplasia segmentar uterina em cadela, submetida a procedimento de ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Foi realizada celiotomia retroumbilical, e, após a tentativa de tração do corno uterino direito observou-se ausência da porção distal do mesmo, com tamanho de 12 mm e o ovário próximo ao segmento reduzido. As más-formações encontradas em procedimentos cirúrgicos implicam em dificuldades para a equipe, resultando em maior tempo operatório, uma vez que outros órgãos e sistemas podem apresentar anomalias similares e devem ser inspecionados.(AU)

Congenital anomalies of the reproductive system of cats and dogs are rare. Among these, the unilateral agenesis of the uterine horn (unicornuate uterus) is the most frequent anomaly. Due to its rarity and few reports in literature, the aim of this work is to report the finding of uterine segment aplasia in a bitch during elective ovariohysterectomy. Traction of the right uterine horn was attempted after a retroumbilical celiotomy, disclosing a malformation characterized by shortening of the uterine horn, which measured 12 mm with the ovary close to the reduced segment. Malformations encountered during surgical procedures result in difficulties for the surgical team and prolonged surgical time, since other organs and systems can also present anomalies and require therefore careful inspection.(AU)

Las anomalías congénitas del sistema reproductor de los caninos y felinos suelen ser raras, siendo la agenesia unilateral del cuerno uterino la enfermidad más frecuente. Debido a su baja frecuencia y los pocos relatos que existen en la literatura, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir una aplasia segmentaria de útero e nuna perra en la que se realizó una ovariohisterectomía electiva. Fue realizada una laparotomía retroumbilical en la que, al intentar exponer el cuerno uterino derecho, se pudo observar la ausencia de la porción distal del mismo; su tamaño era de 12 mm y el ovario se encontraba cercano al segmento reducido. Las malformaciones encontradas durante las cirugías redundan en dificultades para el equipo quirúrgico, lo que lleva a un aumento del tiempo operatorio, ya que otros órganos y sistemas pueden presentar anomalías similares, y deben ser inspeccionados.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva of a dog: case report / Tumor venéreo transmissível na conjuntiva palpebral de um cão: relato de caso

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm that occurs in sexually mature dogs, usually transmitted by coitus. This tumor normally affects the genital mucosa and is rarely found in any other part of the body. A case of transmissible venereal tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva of a 3-year old, crossbreed, male dog with a history of an abnormal mass in the right eye was presented. Ophthalmic examination revealed a mass originated from the lower eyelid conjunctiva of the right eye. No other ocular abnormalities were detected. Cytological examination was carried out and the diagnosis was TVT. The dog was treated with lyophilized vincristine sulphate intravenously, once a week, for four weeks. Despite the atypical clinical presentation, the response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent leading to complete regression of the neoplasm and no relapse after a year.

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia contagiosa que ocorre em cães sexualmente maduros, sendo geralmente transmitido pelo coito. A neoplasia normalmente afeta a mucosa genital e é raramente encontrada em outras partes do corpo. Apresentamos um caso de tumor venéreo transmissível na conjuntiva palpebral de um cão macho, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade e histórico de presença de uma massa na conjuntiva palpebral inferior do olho direito. Não foram detectadas outras alterações oculares. O diagnóstico citológico da massa foi TVT. O cão foi tratado com sulfato de vincristina por via intravenosa, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. Embora a apresentação do caso seja atípica, a resposta à quimioterapia foi excelente, levando a regressão completa da neoplasia, sem recorrência após um ano.