Ovarian papillary carcinoma in a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Neoplasms are among the most impacting disease diagnoses in veterinary medicine and have become increasingly common due to the greater longevity of animals as living conditions improved. The Mongolian gerbil is a small rodent species that has become popular recently. In these animals, the occurrence of neoplastic processes is relatively common, mainly tumors of the ventral gland in males and ovarian tumors in females. This work aims to report an ovarian tumor in a Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards 1867 (Rodentia, Muridae). At the initial presentation, the animal had dyspnea, prostration, and increased abdominal volume in the topography of the right ovary of approximately 2 cm. The animal was submitted to exploratory laparotomy because of the emergency nature of the case and the owners' refusal of additional exams due to financial restrictions. Thus, an ovariohysterectomy was performed, followed by a histopathological examination. The histopathology revealed an ovarian papillary carcinoma affecting both ovaries and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. With surgical removal and drainage of the thoracic fluid, the animal showed good recovery, with general improvement and return to regular activity, with a life expectancy of two years. Currently, the demand for specialized veterinarians for unconventional pets is increasing. This condition allows owners to raise their animals more properly, favoring greater longevity. Knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of diseases in different species is of enormous relevance in establishing the appropriate therapy, improving life quality, and increasing life expectancy in animals' lives.(AU)

Thecoma in an elderly crioulo mare

Background: Ovarian enlargement in mares can either be a physiological or pathological condition associated with neoplastic or non-neoplastic causes. Neoplasia is more prominent in elderly than young horses. Granulosa cell tumors are the most common neoplastic cause of ovarian enlargement, and thecoma is the rarest. Thecoma is a benign ovarian stromal neoplasia originating from the sexual cords of the embryonic gonad and can affect the production of steroid hormones, leading to changes in behavior and the estrous cycle. If only one ovary is affected, after unilateral ovariectomy, usually the mare can still be used for reproductive purposes. Herein, we report a case of ovarian thecoma in an elderly Crioulo mare. Case: A 15-year-old Crioulo mare was evaluated due to progressive weight loss. The mare presented a low body score, and on physical examination, all parameters were within reference limits. Hematological examination revealed anemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and neutrophilia. Serum biochemistry examination were within the physiological limits. Rectal palpation revealed an increase in volume in the left ovary (4.3 × 2.9 × 3 cm), smooth consistency and no associated pain in either of the ovaries. Rectal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous pattern, suggesting a neoplasm. As a treatment modality and for definitive diagnosis, the mare underwent a unilateral flank ovariectomy laparoscopically in the quadrupedal position. On histopathological evaluation of the left ovary, the sample showed cysts associated with proliferating spindle cells arranged in a solid arrangement, occasionally forming eddies, in addition to hemosiderosis, with clear cytoplasm and lipid vacuoles. Macroscopically, the ovary presented with a regular surface, smooth to firm consistency, a homogeneous brownish appearance with blackened foci, and brownish fluid-filled cysts. These findings confirmed thecoma of the left ovary in the mare. Discussion: Ovarian enlargement in mares can be associated to the presence of neoplasia. Clinical signs of ovarian neoplasms can be nonspecific; therefore, to achieve a definitive diagnosis, it is imperative to evaluate and compare the patient's history, physical examination, and results of complementary examinations. Excessive production of hormones lead to behavioral changes in mares with ovarian tumors, such as masculinized or aggressive behavior, and anestrus persistence. Thecomas may or may not interfere with steroid production and levels. On ultrasound examination, ovarian neoplasms may present similar echogenicity patterns. Histopathological evaluation is the best diagnostic approach after an ovariectomy. The prognosis of ovariectomy is considerably successful with the mare regaining reproductive health, although some mares may become infertile, with a small, inactive contralateral ovary. Thecoma is a rare neoplasm in horses; however, owing to its potential to cause altered reproductive functions, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in mares with increased ovarian volume.

Tumor ovariano de células de Sertoli em fêmea canina / Ovarian tumor of Sertoli cells in a female dog

O tumor de células de Sertoli, classificado como tumor do cordão sexual puro, é caracterizado por provocar manifestações clínicas endócrinas. É encontrado mais comumente em machos e é raro em fêmeas. O presente estudo objetivou relatar um caso de tumor ovariano de células de Sertoli em uma cadela. A paciente era uma fêmea canina, de cinco anos de idade da raça Shi Tzu, que apresentava queixa de "posição de prece" com frequência e anestro há dois anos. O exame físico determinou alopecia difusa e simétrica, hiperpigmentação de pele, pelos frágeis e comedões, com aumento de volume no flanco esquerdo e sensibilidade à palpação abdominal. O exame ultrassonográfico evidenciou estrutura arredondada, de bordas definidas em topografia de ovário esquerdo, medindo aproximadamente 5,27cm em seu maior eixo; além de piometra incipiente. Após ovariossalpingohisterectomia, realizou-se avaliação histopatológica do ovário, com diagnóstico de tumor do cordão sexual/estroma, com padrão de células de Sertoli infiltrativo. Conclui-se que, apesar de incomum, é importante incluir o tumor de células de Sertoli como diagnóstico diferencial, em casos de sinais de desregulação hormonal e alterações no ciclo estral e do pelame do animal. Ressalta-se a importância dos exames de imagem e histopatológicos para o diagnóstico, prognóstico e tratamento adequado.

Sertoli cells tumor, classified as a pure sexual cord tumor, is characterized by causing endocrine clinical manifestations. It is commonly found in males and is rare in females. The present study aimed to report a case of a Sertoli cell ovarian tumor in a female dog. The patient was a five-year-old female Shi Tzu dog, who complained of prayer position frequently and anestrus for two years. The physical examination determined diffuse and symmetrical alopecia, skin hyperpigmentation, fragile hair, and comedones, with increased volume in the left flank and sensitivity to abdominal palpation. The ultrasound examination evidenced the presence of a rounded structure, with defined edges in the topography of the left ovary, measuring approximately 5.27cm in its longest axis, in addition to incipient pyometra. After ovariosalpingohysterectomy, a histopathological evaluation of the ovary was performed with a diagnosis of sexual cord/stroma with an infiltrative Sertoli cell pattern. It is concluded that, although uncommon, it is important to include the Sertoli cell tumor as a differential diagnosis in cases of signs of hormonal dysregulation and changes in the estrous cycle, and animal's coat. The importance of imaging and histopathological exams for diagnosis, prognosis, and appropriate treatment is highlighted.

Bilateral dysgerminoma in a senile bitch associated with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in spleen and pyometra: a case report / Disgerminoma bilateral em cadela senil associado a hiperplasia nodular linfoide em baço e piometra: relato de caso

Ovarian neoplasms affect a low percentage of female dogs, and these tumors are classified according to their cellular origin and are considered rare. Dysgerminoma is a tumor derived from undifferentiated primordial ovarian germinal epithelium cells. In the male, this neoplasm is diagnosed as seminoma. Thus, dysgerminoma is not linked to the production of ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which play a fundamental role in the establishment of pyometra. At Araujo Veterinary Hospital (HVA), a 15-year-old female Pinscher was admitted with mucopurulent vaginal discharge, abdominal enlargement, anorexia, polydipsia, and prostration clinical signs indicative of pyometra, radiographic and ultrasound examinations were requested, as well as a blood collection for hemogram and serum biochemistry. Ultrasound examination revealed uterine enlargement and hypoechoic content, in addition to bilateral ovarian cysts, measuring 7 cm in the right ovary and 3 cm in the left. The blood count revealed normal values in the erythrogram and the leukogram showed monocytosis and lymphopenia, in addition to macroplatelets. Biochemical examination revealed increased GGT values of 10 U/L. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and, in the trans-surgical period, nodules in the spleen were observed. So, the ovaries and a fragment of the lymphoid organ, were fixed and sent to the histopathology laboratory after surgical resection. Histopathology revealed ovarian dysgerminoma and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia. Ten days after the surgical procedure, the dog returned to the HVA for clinical evaluation and suture removal. However, three days after the return, the patient presented a convulsive condition evolving to death.

Neoplasias ovarianas acometem baixa porcentagem de cadelas, e estes tumores são classificados de acordo com a origem celular, sendo considerados raros. O disgerminoma é um tumor derivado de células do epitélio germinativo primordial ovariano, indiferenciado. No macho, essa neoplasia é diagnosticada como seminoma. Assim, o disgerminoma não está ligado a produção de hormônios ovarianos, como o estrógeno e a progesterona, que desempenham papel fundamental para o estabelecimento da piometra. No Hospital Veterinário Araújo (HVA), uma cachorra da raça Pinscher, com 15 anos, foi antendida apresentando, secreção vaginal mucopurulenta, aumento abdominal, anorexia, polidipsia e prostração sinais clínicos indicativos de piometra, solicitou-se exame de radiográfico e ultrassonografia, bem como a coleta de sangue para hemograma e bioquímico sérico. O exame ultrassonográfico revelou aumento uterino e conteúdo hipoecóico, além de cistos ovarianos bilaterais, com mensurações de 7 cm no ovário direito e 3 cm no esquerdo. O hemograma revelou valores normais no eritrograma e o leucograma apresentou monocitose e linfopenia, além de macroplaquetas. O exame bioquímico revelou valores de GGT aumentados, em 10 U/L. A ovariohisterectomia foi realizada e no trans cirúrgico observou-se nódulos no baço. Assim, os ovários e um fragmento do órgão linfoide, após a ressecção cirúrgica, foram fixados e encaminhadas para laboratório de histopatologia. A histopatologia revelou disgerminoma ovariano e hiperplasia nodular linfoide. Dez dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, a paciente retornou ao HVA para avaliação clínica e retirada da sutura. No entanto, três dias após o retorno, o animal apresentou um quadro convulsivo evoluindo ao óbito.

Clinical, sonographic and anatomopathological aspects of ovarian teratoma in a heifer / Aspectos clínicos, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos do teratoma ovariano em uma novilha

Teratomas rarely occur in domestic species, especially in cattle. These tumors originate in fetal life and are characterized by rapid growth, which justifies their frequent detection in young animals. This study reported a case of ovarian teratoma in a heifer. On physical examination, the main signs identified were apathy, abdominal distention and tension, empty rumen, and mushy diarrhea. During rectal palpation, a mass was identified in the pelvic region, which was suggestive of cysts on ultrasound examination. The animal underwent laparotomy, followed by euthanasia due to a poor prognosis. At necropsy, a 54 x 43 x 52 cm (length x width x thickness) tumor was observed in the right ovary with multiple cystic areas, in addition to masses associated with multiple adhesions of the intestinal loops and peritonitis. On histopathology, muscle, cartilage, bone, nervous and epithelial tissue, glands, hair with follicles, were identified in the affected ovary. There was mixed inflammation and foci of necrosis observed with a complete absence of ovarian architecture in both the ovaries. Infiltrations were identified in the lymph nodes and mesenteric vessels. Glandular ducts were seen from the serosa to the intestinal mucosa. A locally infiltrative and expansile ovarian teratoma was diagnosed accordingly. It is considered that this kind of tumor can induce abdominal distension and absence of estrus in previously healthy, non-pregnant heifers.

Os teratomas são tumores raros nas espécies domésticas, sobretudo em bovinos. Esses tumores são caracterizados por crescimento rápido e origem durante a vida fetal, o que justifica seu diagnóstico frequente em animais jovens. O presente trabalho relata um caso de teratoma ovariano em uma novilha. No exame físico, os principais sinais identificados foram apatia, distensão e tensão abdominal, rúmen vazio e diarreia pastosa. Durante a palpação retal, uma massa foi identificada na região pélvica. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, a massa era sugestiva de cistos. O animal foi submetido a laparotomia, seguido de eutanásia devido ao mau prognóstico. Na necropsia foi observado um tumor de 54 x 43 x 52 cm (comprimento x largura x espessura) no ovário direito com múltiplas áreas císticas, além de massas associadas à múltiplas aderências das alças intestinais e peritonite. Na histopatologia foram identificados no ovário acometido a presença de tecidos muscular, cartilaginoso, ósseo, nervoso e epitelial, com glândulas, pelos e folículos. Havia inflamação mista e focos de necrose com ausência completa de arquitetura ovariana em ambos os ovários. Infiltrações foram identificadas em linfonodos e vasos mesentéricos. Ductos glandulares foram vistos desde a serosa até mucosa intestinal. Diagnosticou-se um teratoma ovariano localmente infiltrativo e expansivo. Considera-se que este tumor pode induzir distensão abdominal e ausência de estro em novilhas previamente sadias e não gestantes.

Ocorrência simultânea de teratoma ovariano e hiperplasia endometrial cística com piometra em cadela Labrador Retriever / Simultaneous occurrence of ovarian teratoma and endometrial cystic hyperplasia with pyometra in a Labrador Retriever bitch

Background: Ovarian teratoma is a rare tumor that occurs in dogs. Its origin comes from embryonic cells of the notochord and it is a unipotent tumor. Pyometra is the accumulation of purulent content in the uterine lumen. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is one of the factors predisposing a dog to the development of pyometra. The safest and most efficient treatment for pyometra is ovariohysterectomy. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of ovarian teratoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with concomitant pyometra in a Labrador Retriever Bitch. Case: A 10-year-old bitch Labrador Retriever, weighing 42 kg, was evaluated at Animal Care Barueri Veterinary Clinic, in Barueri, São Paulo. The patient was referred from another veterinary service to our clinic for an ovariohysterectomy and removal of an intestinal foreign body as previous ultrasonography (US) had indicated the presence of pyometra and a foreign body in the descending colon (she had ingested cloth according to the owner's report). Laboratory tests, complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels did not show any significant changes. Upon examination, the clinical signs were mucopurulent vaginal discharge, 5% dehydration, rectal temperature 39.1°C, mild abdominal pain on palpation, normophagy, normodipsia, and normal defecation and urination. Laboratory tests and a new US were requested on which the uterus was observed with the presence of luminal anechoic content and increased uterine diameter (uterine horns 3.97 cm), an acoustic intestinal shadow supposedly from a foreign body, and on the leukogram, leukocytosis (23,600/mm3) due to neutrophilia with a right shift (20,532/mm3) was observed. Therapeutic ovariohysterectomy and exploratory celiotomy were chosen as therapeutic options. Celiotomy with caudoumbilical mid ventral access was performed. When the left uterine horn was identified, an attempt was made to pull it in order to expose the left ovary, but this maneuver was not successful. For this reason, the abdominal incision was enlarged cranially. At that point, a huge mass was observed in the ovary (which was supposedly the acoustic shadow of the foreign body in the descending colon/left ovary). The intestines appeared normal. Macroscopically, the mass had an irregular surface, round shape, firm consistency, and was 15 cm long x 10 cm wide. Once removed, the mass was incised in the transversal direction, purulent content, hair, and mineralized areas inside it were observed. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of cells with elongated epithelioid shape that were arranged in long irregular bundles among well-differentiated adipose tissue. An exuberant eosinophilic matrix with extensive cystic areas filled with lamellar keratin and hairy stems covered by squamous epithelium was also observed. Extensive areas exhibiting nervous tissue with minimal atypia are shown. The morphological picture was compatible with teratoma. Discussion: The present report describes the concomitant presence of ovarian teratoma and pyometra in a dog. The diagnosis of pyometra requires complementary tests (laboratory and imaging). The intestinal acoustic shadow observed on the two US images obtained by two different professionals was suggestive of intestinal foreign body but was also a wrong diagnosis, which was confirmed after an exploratory celiotomy when the mass in the left ovary was identified. On the histopathological examination of this present case, epithelial, nervous, and cartilaginous tissues were observed. This differentiation of tissues corroborated the teratoma diagnosis. Thus, the importance of an accurate diagnosis contributes to the resolution of a surgical conditions that may have had a poor prognosis when the procedure took a longer time to perform.(AU)

Diagnóstico e tratamento videoassistido de tumor de células de Leydig em cadela com síndrome do ovário remanescente / Videoassisted diagnosis and treatment for Leydig cell tumor in a bitch with remaining ovary syndrome

Neoplasias ovarianas de origem primária são incomuns em cadelas, exigindo métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos mais precisos. Fêmeas também possuem células intersticiais secretoras de esteróides, contudo o aparecimento do tumor de células de Leydig é considerado raro. Uma cadela sem raça definida e 12 anos apresentava sinais de estro após ovariohisterectomia pré-púbere. Na avaliação ultrassonográfica, foi identificada uma massa localizada na região abdominal lateral direita, sugestiva de ovário remanescente. Durante a inspeção laparoscópica foi identificada a massa distante caudalmente do coto ovariano direito, inserida em região de mesentério jejunal. O segmento intestinal foi apreendido e exteriorizado de maneira videoassistida, optando-se pela remoção do tumor associado à enterectomia do segmento afetado. A avaliação do coto ovariano esquerdo, revelou um cisto de 0,5cm de diâmetro que também foi removido. A análise histopatológica foi sugestiva de neoplasia de células intersticiais (tumor de células de Leydig) e um cisto epitelial ovariano. O tumor de células de Leydig é relatado com freqüência em machos, entretanto, sua aparição em fêmeas é considerada extremamente incomum acometendo principalmente animais não esterilizados. A neoplasia não aderida ao coto ovariano comprova ainda que resquícios de tecido ovariano que porventura fiquem livres na cavidade abdominal podem ser responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da síndrome do ovário remanescente e neoplasias. O prognóstico para neoplasias ovarianas sem metástases é favorável, principalmente quando aplicada a intervenção cirúrgica como método terapêutico. O uso da videocirurgia para auxiliar no diagnóstico e tratamento demonstrou-se adequado para o caso descrito, mas que deve ser complementado pela análise histopatológica.

Primary ovarian neoplasms are uncommon in bitches, requiring more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Females also have steroid-secreting interstitial cells, however, the appearance of the Leydig cell tumor is considered rare. A 12-year-old mongrel bitch showed signs of estrus after prepubertal ovariohysterectomy. Ultrasound evaluation located a mass in the right lateral abdominal region, suggestive of a remaining ovary. During laparoscopic exploration, the mass was identified caudally distant from the right ovarian stump, adhered to the jejunal mesentery. The intestinal segment was apprehended and exteriorized by video-assisted technique, and removal of the tumor was performed associated with enterectomy of the affected segment. Evaluation of the left ovarian stump revealed a 0.5cm diameter cyst that was also removed. Histopathological analysis was suggestive of interstitial cell neoplasia (Leydig cell tumor) and an ovarian epithelial cyst. The Leydig cell tumor is frequently related in males, however, its appearance in bitches is considered uncommon, affecting mainly nonsterile animals. The mass non-adhered to the ovarian stump proves that remnants of ovarian tissue that may be free in the abdominal cavity and may be responsible for the development of the remaining ovary syndrome and neoplasms. The prognosis for ovarian neoplasms without metastasis is favorable, especially when surgical intervention is applied as a therapeutic method. The use of video surgery to assist in the diagnosis and treatment was considered appropriate for the case described, but it must be complemented by histopathological analysis.

Melanoma oral amelanótico metastático com acometimento neurológico e gonadal em um cão fêmea - relato de caso / [Metastatic oral amelanotic melanoma with neurologic and gonadal involvement in a female dog - case report]

Relata-se um caso de melanoma oral disseminado em uma cadela de dois anos, com protrusão de bulbo ocular unilateral e quadro convulsivo progressivo. Os exames de imagem revelaram aumento de volume nas regiões submandibular, maxilar e cerebral, padrão nodular pulmonar e aumento das dimensões ovarianas. A citologia da massa submandibular indicou proliferação epitelial maligna, enquanto a biópsia excisional foi sugestiva de melanoma amelanótico. Na necropsia, havia uma massa gengival localmente infiltrativa e nodulações brancas nos linfonodos, nos rins, no pulmão, no cérebro e nos ovários, indicativas de metástase. O diagnóstico histopatológico consistiu de neoplasia maligna metastática indiferenciada, indicativo de melanoma amelanótico. Células caracterizadas por núcleo com cromatina espessa, múltiplos nucléolos bem evidentes, mitoses atípicas e multinucleações consistiram nos principais critérios de malignidade. No espaço peritrabecular ósseo facial, havia rara diferenciação pigmentar melanocítica, confirmada histoquimicamente pela técnica de Fontana-Massom e Giemsa. Algumas células foram positivas pela imuno-histoquímica para PNL-2 e Melan-A, e o diagnóstico de melanoma amelanótico disseminado foi firmado. A indiferenciação neoplásica marcante, com disseminação metastática multissistêmica e acometimento mútuo de sítios anatômicos pouco comuns, conjuntamente com a ampla variação dos padrões celulares, foi responsável pelo desafio diagnóstico do presente caso, ressaltando o papel decisivo da imuno-histoquímica para confirmação diagnóstica. A importância clínica deste trabalho consiste ainda em alertar a comunidade clínica e científica acerca da dificuldade diagnóstica, devendo-se considerar o melanoma amelanótico como diferencial mesmo em casos de lesões orais menos perceptíveis e/ou desprovidas de pigmentação.(AU)

A case of disseminated oral melanoma in a two year old female dog with unilateral protuberance of the eye bulb and progressive seizure is described. Imaging exams revealed increase of the submandibular, maxillary and cerebral regions, nodular pattern in lungs and increased ovarian dimensions. The cytology of the submandibular mass indicated a malignant epithelial proliferation, whereas the excisional biopsy indicated an amelanotic melanoma. At necropsy, a locally infiltrating gingival mass and white nodules in the lymph nodes, kidneys, lung, brain and ovaries were observed, indicative of metastases. Histopathological diagnosis consisted of an undifferentiated malignant metastatic neoplasm. Nucleus with coarse chromatin, prominent nucleoli, bizarre mitotic figures and multinucleated cells were the major malignant features. There was a poor melanocytic pigment differentiation in the peritrabecular space of facial bones, confirmed by Fontana-Masson and Giemsa histochemical techniques. Only a few cells were immunohistochemically positive for PNL-2 and Melan-A and the diagnosis of a disseminated amelanotic melanoma was performed. The diagnostic challenge was based on marked neoplastic undifferentiation, with multisystemic metastasis and mutual involvement of uncommon anatomic sites, associated with a large variability of cellular patterns, highlighting the decisive role of immunohistochemistry for diagnostic confirmation. Therefore, the clinical importance of this study is to warn the clinical and scientific community about the diagnostic challenge, considering the amelanotic melanoma as a differential even in cases of poorly apparent and/or nonpigmented oral lesions.(AU)

Neoplasms in domestic hamsters in Southern Brazil: epidemiological and pathological aspects of 40 cases1 / Neoplasias em hamsters domésticos no Sul do Brasil: aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de 40 casos

Although neoplasms are commonly reported in domestic hamsters, retrospective studies approaching spontaneous tumors with data regarding epidemiological findings are scarce. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological and pathological findings of 40 cases of tumors in domestic hamsters diagnosed in a veterinary pathology laboratory in Southern Brazil from 2002 to 2019. Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) was the most commonly affected species (16/40), followed by Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus, 11/40) and Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, 4/40). Among the cases, 57.5% were females (23/40), while 42.5% were males (17/40). The affected hamsters' median age was of 14-months old, with an age range of 8- to 36-months old. Twenty-four cases were assessed as anatomopathological samples (biopsies), while 16 were composed of carcasses submitted to postmortem examination, and, therefore, the neoplasm was related to the cause of death. The integumentary system was frequently affected (60%, 24/40), followed by the female reproductive tract (22.5%, 9/40), hematopoietic system (10%, 4/40), digestive tract (5%, 2/40), and endocrine system (2.5%, 1/40). The most frequent neoplasm was squamous cell carcinoma (35%, 14/40), mostly on the lip/nasal region (50%, 7/14). Other tumors included fibrosarcoma (10%, 4/40), lymphoma (10%, 4/40), mammary cystadenoma (10%, 4/40), apocrine sweat gland adenoma (7.5%, 3/40), hemangiosarcoma (5%, 2/40), leiomyosarcoma (5%, 2/40), and granulosa ovarian cell tumor (5%, 2/40). The five remaining cases occurred individually and were composed of hepatoid gland adenoma, solid thyroid carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, ovarian teratoma, and cutaneous trichoblastoma. Neoplasms were identified as an important cause of death and major reason to perform biopsy in domestic hamsters in Southern Brazil.(AU)

Embora neoplasmas em hamsters domésticos sejam comumente relatados, estudos retrospectivos abordando neoplasias espontâneas e os dados epidemiológicos associados são escassos. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever os principais achados epidemiológicos e patológicos de 40 casos de tumores em hamsters domésticos diagnosticados em um laboratório de patologia veterinária do Sul do Brasil de 2002 a 2019. A principal espécie acometida foi o hamster chinês (Cricetulus griseus, 16/40), seguido por hamster anão russo siberiano (Phodopus sungorus, 11/40) e hamster sírio (Mesocricetus auratus, 4/40). As fêmeas corresponderam a 57,5% dos casos (23/40), enquanto os machos representaram 42,5% (17/40). Foram afetados roedores com uma faixa etária de 8 a 36 meses de idade, e uma mediana de 14 meses. Do total de casos, 24 foram exames anatomopatológicos (biopsias) e 16 casos foram examinados através de necropsia e, portanto, relacionados com a causa da morte dos animais. O sistema tegumentar foi o mais frequentemente acometido (60%; 24/40), seguido pelo trato reprodutivo (22,5%; 9/40), sistema hematopoietico (10%; 4/40), trato digestório (5%; 2/40) e sistema endócrino (2,5%; 1/40). A neoplasia mais frequentemente diagnosticada foi o carcinoma de células escamosas (35%; 14/40), localizado principalmente em região labionasal (50%; 7/14). Outros tumores incluíram fibrossarcoma (10%; 4/40), linfoma (10%; 4/40), adenoma cístico de glândula mamária (10%; 4/40), adenoma de glândula sudorípara (7,5%; 3/40), hemangiossarcoma (5%; 2/40), leiomiossarcoma (5%; 2/40) e tumor de células da granulosa (5%; 2/40). Os outros cinco casos remanescentes ocorreram individualmente e eram compostos por adenoma de glândula hepatoide, carcinoma sólido de tireoide, melanoma cutâneo, teratoma ovariano e tricoblastoma cutâneo. Neoplasmas foram identificados como importantes causas de morte ou razões para realização de biopsia em hamsters domésticos no Sul do Brasil.(AU)

Neoplasms in domestic hamsters in Southern Brazil: epidemiological and pathological aspects of 40 cases1 / Neoplasias em hamsters domésticos no Sul do Brasil: aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de 40 casos

Although neoplasms are commonly reported in domestic hamsters, retrospective studies approaching spontaneous tumors with data regarding epidemiological findings are scarce. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological and pathological findings of 40 cases of tumors in domestic hamsters diagnosed in a veterinary pathology laboratory in Southern Brazil from 2002 to 2019. Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) was the most commonly affected species (16/40), followed by Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus, 11/40) and Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, 4/40). Among the cases, 57.5% were females (23/40), while 42.5% were males (17/40). The affected hamsters' median age was of 14-months old, with an age range of 8- to 36-months old. Twenty-four cases were assessed as anatomopathological samples (biopsies), while 16 were composed of carcasses submitted to postmortem examination, and, therefore, the neoplasm was related to the cause of death. The integumentary system was frequently affected (60%, 24/40), followed by the female reproductive tract (22.5%, 9/40), hematopoietic system (10%, 4/40), digestive tract (5%, 2/40), and endocrine system (2.5%, 1/40). The most frequent neoplasm was squamous cell carcinoma (35%, 14/40), mostly on the lip/nasal region (50%, 7/14). Other tumors included fibrosarcoma (10%, 4/40), lymphoma (10%, 4/40), mammary cystadenoma (10%, 4/40), apocrine sweat gland adenoma (7.5%, 3/40), hemangiosarcoma (5%, 2/40), leiomyosarcoma (5%, 2/40), and granulosa ovarian cell tumor (5%, 2/40). The five remaining cases occurred individually and were composed of hepatoid gland adenoma, solid thyroid carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, ovarian teratoma, and cutaneous trichoblastoma. Neoplasms were identified as an important cause of death and major reason to perform biopsy in domestic hamsters in Southern Brazil.(AU)

Embora neoplasmas em hamsters domésticos sejam comumente relatados, estudos retrospectivos abordando neoplasias espontâneas e os dados epidemiológicos associados são escassos. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever os principais achados epidemiológicos e patológicos de 40 casos de tumores em hamsters domésticos diagnosticados em um laboratório de patologia veterinária do Sul do Brasil de 2002 a 2019. A principal espécie acometida foi o hamster chinês (Cricetulus griseus, 16/40), seguido por hamster anão russo siberiano (Phodopus sungorus, 11/40) e hamster sírio (Mesocricetus auratus, 4/40). As fêmeas corresponderam a 57,5% dos casos (23/40), enquanto os machos representaram 42,5% (17/40). Foram afetados roedores com uma faixa etária de 8 a 36 meses de idade, e uma mediana de 14 meses. Do total de casos, 24 foram exames anatomopatológicos (biopsias) e 16 casos foram examinados através de necropsia e, portanto, relacionados com a causa da morte dos animais. O sistema tegumentar foi o mais frequentemente acometido (60%; 24/40), seguido pelo trato reprodutivo (22,5%; 9/40), sistema hematopoietico (10%; 4/40), trato digestório (5%; 2/40) e sistema endócrino (2,5%; 1/40). A neoplasia mais frequentemente diagnosticada foi o carcinoma de células escamosas (35%; 14/40), localizado principalmente em região labionasal (50%; 7/14). Outros tumores incluíram fibrossarcoma (10%; 4/40), linfoma (10%; 4/40), adenoma cístico de glândula mamária (10%; 4/40), adenoma de glândula sudorípara (7,5%; 3/40), hemangiossarcoma (5%; 2/40), leiomiossarcoma (5%; 2/40) e tumor de células da granulosa (5%; 2/40). Os outros cinco casos remanescentes ocorreram individualmente e eram compostos por adenoma de glândula hepatoide, carcinoma sólido de tireoide, melanoma cutâneo, teratoma ovariano e tricoblastoma cutâneo. Neoplasmas foram identificados como importantes causas de morte ou razões para realização de biopsia em hamsters domésticos no Sul do Brasil.(AU)

Ocorrência de tecoma (subtipo tumor estromal esclerosante) em cadela: relato de caso / Occurrence of thecoma (sclerosing stromal tumor subtype) in a female dog: case report / Ocurrencia de tecoma (subtipo tumor estromal esclerosante) en una perra: reporte de un caso

O tecoma é uma neoplasia ovariana rara, sendo, portanto, escassas suas descrições na medicina veterinária. Uma de suas formas de apresentação é o tumor estromal esclerosante, representando cerca de 2-6% dos tumores estromais com origem no ovário. Este subtipo de tecoma ainda não foi descrito em cadelas. Este trabalho objetiva relatar a ocorrência de um tecoma de grandes dimensões, classificado como tumor estromal esclerosante. A cadela era da raça labrador, 10 anos de idade, e o diagnóstico foi estabelecido após exame necroscópico. O histórico clínico constava aumento de volume abdominal, diminuição da evacuação e presença de coágulos de sangue na urina. A avaliação histopatológica da massa demonstrou um agregado de células fusiformes, por vezes ovais, dispostas em feixes, com núcleo central, citoplasma claro de aspecto vacuolizado, indicando a presença de lipídios. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela técnica histoquímica do Tricromio de Masson, permitindo observar a presença de fibras colágenas dispostas entre as células, concluindo o diagnóstico de tecoma do subtipo estromal esclerosante.(AU)

Thecoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm and its descriptions in veterinary medicine are scarce. The tumor may be sclerosing stromal tumor subtype, accounting for about 2-6% of ovarian origin stromal tumors. This tecoma subtype has not yet been described in female dogs. This study aims to report the occurrence of a large tecoma, classified as sclerosing stromal tumor. The bitch was a 10-year-old Labrador breed, and the diagnosis was established after necroscopic examination. Clinical history consisted of increased abdominal, decreased evacuation and presence of clots in the urine. Histopathological evaluation showed an aggregate of fusiform cells, sometimes oval, arranged in bundles, with central nucleus, clear cytoplasm of vacuolated aspect, indicating the presence of lipids. The diagnosis was confirmed by histochemical technique of Masson's Trichrome, allowing the observation of collagen fibers arranged between the cells, concluding the diagnosis of tecoma of the sclerosing stromal subtype.(AU)

El tecoma es una neoplasia ovárica rara, siendo, por lo tanto, escasas sus descripciones en la medicina veterinaria. Una de sus formas de presentación es el tumor estromal esclerosante, que representa alrededor del 2-6% de los tumores estromales con origen en el ovario. Este subtipo de tecoma aún no se ha descrito en perras. Este trabajo objetiva relatar la ocurrencia de un tecoma de grandes dimensiones, clasificado como tumor estromal esclerosante. La perra era de la raza labradora, 10 años de edad, y el diagnóstico fue establecido después del examen necroscópico. La historia clinica ha constatado aumento de volumen abdominal, disminución de la evacuación y presencia de coágulos en la orina. La evaluación histopatológica de la masa demostró un agregado de células fusiformes, a veces ovaladas, dispuestas en haces, con núcleo central, citoplasma claro de aspecto vacuolizado, indicando la presencia de lípidos. El diagnóstico fue confirmado a través de técnica histoquímica del Tricromio de Masson, permitiendo observar la presencia de fibras colágenas dispuestas entre las células, concluyendo el diagnóstico de tecoma del subtipo estromal esclerosante.(AU)

Ocorrência de tecoma (subtipo tumor estromal esclerosante) em cadela: relato de caso / Occurrence of thecoma (sclerosing stromal tumor subtype) in a female dog: case report / Ocurrencia de tecoma (subtipo tumor estromal esclerosante) en una perra: reporte de un caso

O tecoma é uma neoplasia ovariana rara, sendo, portanto, escassas suas descrições na medicina veterinária. Uma de suas formas de apresentação é o tumor estromal esclerosante, representando cerca de 2-6% dos tumores estromais com origem no ovário. Este subtipo de tecoma ainda não foi descrito em cadelas. Este trabalho objetiva relatar a ocorrência de um tecoma de grandes dimensões, classificado como tumor estromal esclerosante. A cadela era da raça labrador, 10 anos de idade, e o diagnóstico foi estabelecido após exame necroscópico. O histórico clínico constava aumento de volume abdominal, diminuição da evacuação e presença de coágulos de sangue na urina. A avaliação histopatológica da massa demonstrou um agregado de células fusiformes, por vezes ovais, dispostas em feixes, com núcleo central, citoplasma claro de aspecto vacuolizado, indicando a presença de lipídios. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela técnica histoquímica do Tricromio de Masson, permitindo observar a presença de fibras colágenas dispostas entre as células, concluindo o diagnóstico de tecoma do subtipo estromal esclerosante.

Thecoma is a rare ovarian neoplasm and its descriptions in veterinary medicine are scarce. The tumor may be sclerosing stromal tumor subtype, accounting for about 2-6% of ovarian origin stromal tumors. This tecoma subtype has not yet been described in female dogs. This study aims to report the occurrence of a large tecoma, classified as sclerosing stromal tumor. The bitch was a 10-year-old Labrador breed, and the diagnosis was established after necroscopic examination. Clinical history consisted of increased abdominal, decreased evacuation and presence of clots in the urine. Histopathological evaluation showed an aggregate of fusiform cells, sometimes oval, arranged in bundles, with central nucleus, clear cytoplasm of vacuolated aspect, indicating the presence of lipids. The diagnosis was confirmed by histochemical technique of Masson's Trichrome, allowing the observation of collagen fibers arranged between the cells, concluding the diagnosis of tecoma of the sclerosing stromal subtype.

El tecoma es una neoplasia ovárica rara, siendo, por lo tanto, escasas sus descripciones en la medicina veterinaria. Una de sus formas de presentación es el tumor estromal esclerosante, que representa alrededor del 2-6% de los tumores estromales con origen en el ovario. Este subtipo de tecoma aún no se ha descrito en perras. Este trabajo objetiva relatar la ocurrencia de un tecoma de grandes dimensiones, clasificado como tumor estromal esclerosante. La perra era de la raza labradora, 10 años de edad, y el diagnóstico fue establecido después del examen necroscópico. La historia clinica ha constatado aumento de volumen abdominal, disminución de la evacuación y presencia de coágulos en la orina. La evaluación histopatológica de la masa demostró un agregado de células fusiformes, a veces ovaladas, dispuestas en haces, con núcleo central, citoplasma claro de aspecto vacuolizado, indicando la presencia de lípidos. El diagnóstico fue confirmado a través de técnica histoquímica del Tricromio de Masson, permitiendo observar la presencia de fibras colágenas dispuestas entre las células, concluyendo el diagnóstico de tecoma del subtipo estromal esclerosante.

Immunhistochemical analysis of Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta expression in etiopathogenesis of ovarian tumors

Purpose: To investigate the place of the transcription factor nuclear kappa B (NF-kB), which is a marker of chronic inflammation, in the etiology of the ovarian carcinoma. Methods: NFkB analysis with the immunohistochemical method has been performed. To evaluate immunohistochemical NF-kB expression in the ovarian tissue, the H-score method. H-score = Pi (i+1), where Pi is the percentage of stained cells in each intensity category (0-100%) and i is the intensity indicating weak (i=1), moderate (i=2) or strong staining (i=3). Results: It has been seen that, the mean H score is statistically significantly higher in the patient group with serous and musinous adenocarcinoma diagnosis than the two other patient groups (p 0.005). Conclusions: Factor nuclear kappa B is an important mediator that acts in the chronic inflammation. The highest expression rates are determined by the immunohistochemical method in the ovarian cancer group.(AU)

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...](AU)

Granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a yorkshire terrier bitch

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is considered a set of symptoms due to excessive exposure to cortisol. Naturally occurring HAC is most often related to pituitary tumors (pituitary-dependent HAC - PDH). Occult HAC, is referred as a clinical picture highly consistent with HAC; however, routine screening tests are negative. In addition, one or more steroids are elevated following administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Ovarian granulosa cell tumors, can produce steroids leading to paraneoplastic syndromes. The objective of this study was to report an unpublished case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor associated with occult hyperadrenocorticism in a Yorkshire Terrier.Case: A 13-year-old intact female dog, Yorkshire Terrier, was brought for consultation with slight weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, irregular estrous cycles, increased abdominal volume and thin coat. On physical examination the animal was gasping and presented severe periodontal disease, bulging abdomen, alopecia and skin hyperpigmentation. Complete blood count presented no changes; however, serum biochemistry evaluation highlighted hyperalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, alkaline phosphatase increased activity, and urinary specific gravity and creatinine below reference values. On abdominal ultrasonography left adrenal gland measured 2.08 cm x 1.08 cm and the right adrenal gland measured 2.11 cm x 0.84 cm, indicating bilateral adrenomegaly compatible with PDH. In the hypogastric abdomen, a large heterogeneous hypoechogenic mass was also observed, with areas of cystic cavities, measuring 5.80 cm x 7.30 cm. A low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was performed, due to PDH suspicion. The test did not confirm HAC, suspecting, then, to be a case of occult/atypical HAC. Due to the strong clinical suspicion, and owner financial problems for further investigated occult HAC, trilostane treatment was initiated.[...]

Cytological characteristics of ovarian papilary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog / Características citológicas de cistoadenocarcinoma papilar ovariano em um cão

Background: Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm associated with peritoneal implantation and malignant effusion. Most dogs are asymptomatic until the nodules become large and the abdominal volume is increased. From the clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be obtained through imaging and histopathology, however, cytological analysis has become an alternative method for the early detection of this neoplasm. In order to demonstrate the importance of cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms and its metastasis, it is reported a case of metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog. Case: Female, intact, teckel, 5-year-old, with increased abdominal volume. Physical examination revealed ascites and intracavitary mass, abdominocentesis and fine needle puncture of the mass were performed for cytological evaluation. In the cavity fluid it was observed: dark red color, cloudy appearance, hematocrit of 35%; (7.6 g / dL), pH (8.0), 22,000 nucleated cells / μL, marked cellularity of pleomorphic epithelial cells arranged in three-dimensional cohesive groups, sometimes in acinar or tubular pattern, nucleus with loose chromatin coarse, scarse to moderate cytoplasm, perinuclear halo, multiple and evident nucleoli compatible with carcinomatous neoplastic effusion. In the cytological evaluation of the tumor, epithelial cells were observed, with the same [...](AU)

Cytological characteristics of ovarian papilary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog / Características citológicas de cistoadenocarcinoma papilar ovariano em um cão

Background: Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm associated with peritoneal implantation and malignant effusion. Most dogs are asymptomatic until the nodules become large and the abdominal volume is increased. From the clinical suspicion, the diagnosis can be obtained through imaging and histopathology, however, cytological analysis has become an alternative method for the early detection of this neoplasm. In order to demonstrate the importance of cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms and its metastasis, it is reported a case of metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a dog. Case: Female, intact, teckel, 5-year-old, with increased abdominal volume. Physical examination revealed ascites and intracavitary mass, abdominocentesis and fine needle puncture of the mass were performed for cytological evaluation. In the cavity fluid it was observed: dark red color, cloudy appearance, hematocrit of 35%; (7.6 g / dL), pH (8.0), 22,000 nucleated cells / μL, marked cellularity of pleomorphic epithelial cells arranged in three-dimensional cohesive groups, sometimes in acinar or tubular pattern, nucleus with loose chromatin coarse, scarse to moderate cytoplasm, perinuclear halo, multiple and evident nucleoli compatible with carcinomatous neoplastic effusion. In the cytological evaluation of the tumor, epithelial cells were observed, with the same [...]

Tumor da célula da granulosa associado à piometra em uma gata de sete meses / Granulosa-cell tumor associated with pyometra in a seven months old cat

As neoplasias ovarianas em gatas são raras e, quando relatadas, estão associadas a animais senis, assim como a piometra de causa não iatrogênica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma gata jovem com neoplasia ovariana, tumor de células da granulosa associado ao complexo hiperplasia endometrial cística/piometra (HECP). O animal foi atendido no setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia Veterinária (RAOV) de um Hospital Veterinário Escola, com histórico de monta natural recente, anorexia, êmese, polidipsia, poliúria e descarga vaginal purulenta. Ao exame físico, observou-se apatia, mucosas ictéricas, aumento de volume da região abdominal e presença de secreção vaginal purulenta. À ultrassonografia, foi visibilizado conteúdo ecogênico no útero diagnóstico de HECP e estrutura ecogênica na cavidade abdominal, na região ovariana, confirmado pelo exame histopatológico como sendo tumor das células da granulosa. A conduta terapêutica adotada foi a cirurgia de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH).(AU)

Ovarian neoplasias in cats are rare, and are associated with advanced ages, as well as non-iatrogenic pyometra. The objective of the present study was to report a case of a young cat showing signs of a rare neoplasia, the granulosa-cell tumor, associated with complex cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra (HECP). The animal was attended in the Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Obstetrics sector of a Teaching Veterinary Hospital with a history of natural breeding, anorexia, emesis, polydipsia, polyuria, and purulent vaginal discharge. During clinical examination, apathy, icterus, swelling of the abdomen, and purulent vaginal discharge were observed. On the ultrasonographic exam, an echogenic content inside the uterus was observed, leading to diagnosis of HECP and an echogenic structure in the abdominal cavity, in ovarian region, confirmed by histopathology as being of granulosa cells. The therapeutic conduct adopted was salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy surgery (OSH).(AU)

Tumor da célula da granulosa associado à piometra em uma gata de sete meses / Granulosa-cell tumor associated with pyometra in a seven months old cat

As neoplasias ovarianas em gatas são raras e, quando relatadas, estão associadas a animais senis, assim como a piometra de causa não iatrogênica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma gata jovem com neoplasia ovariana, tumor de células da granulosa associado ao complexo hiperplasia endometrial cística/piometra (HECP). O animal foi atendido no setor de Reprodução Animal e Obstetrícia Veterinária (RAOV) de um Hospital Veterinário Escola, com histórico de monta natural recente, anorexia, êmese, polidipsia, poliúria e descarga vaginal purulenta. Ao exame físico, observou-se apatia, mucosas ictéricas, aumento de volume da região abdominal e presença de secreção vaginal purulenta. À ultrassonografia, foi visibilizado conteúdo ecogênico no útero diagnóstico de HECP e estrutura ecogênica na cavidade abdominal, na região ovariana, confirmado pelo exame histopatológico como sendo tumor das células da granulosa. A conduta terapêutica adotada foi a cirurgia de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH).(AU)

Ovarian neoplasias in cats are rare, and are associated with advanced ages, as well as non-iatrogenic pyometra. The objective of the present study was to report a case of a young cat showing signs of a rare neoplasia, the granulosa-cell tumor, associated with complex cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra (HECP). The animal was attended in the Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Obstetrics sector of a Teaching Veterinary Hospital with a history of natural breeding, anorexia, emesis, polydipsia, polyuria, and purulent vaginal discharge. During clinical examination, apathy, icterus, swelling of the abdomen, and purulent vaginal discharge were observed. On the ultrasonographic exam, an echogenic content inside the uterus was observed, leading to diagnosis of HECP and an echogenic structure in the abdominal cavity, in ovarian region, confirmed by histopathology as being of granulosa cells. The therapeutic conduct adopted was salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy surgery (OSH).(AU)